In-vivo anticoccidial efficacy of green synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa Linn leaf extract. (Moraceae) against Emeria tenella infection in broiler chicks.

Coccidiosis is an acute gastrointestinal parasitic disease and causes approximately $2.80 to $3.27 per m2 loss in a broiler farm of a 33-day-old flock. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus racemosa as a reducing and capping agent to reduce the emerging resistance in coccidia spores against conventional treatments and boost the immune level in broilers. These IONPs were evaluated for their impacts on the growth performance, biochemistry, blood profile, and histology in the coccidiodized broiler chicken with Emeria tenella under in vivo conditions. The characteristics and stability of particles were obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray absorption (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and zeta size. The results indicated that IONPs at the moderate dose of 15 mg/kg (p = 0.001) reduced the coccidial impacts by eliminating oocyst shedding per gram feces (up to 91%) and reducing clinical symptoms (lesions (LS = 0), bloody diarrhea (No), and mortality (0%) in chicken at day 10 of treatment as compared to the negative control group-B (infected & non-treated). A dose-dependent and time-dependent trend were observed during treatments (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) of 1-3 weeks using IONPs against the coccidial impacts on the growth parameters (body weight gain, mean feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) and biochemistry (plasma glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALT, AST, and ALP) in chickens. Additionally, F. racemosa IONPs at a dose of 15 and 20 mg/kg significantly recovered the parasitized and highly damaged hepatocytes, liver tissues, and ceca tissues after 1-3 weeks of treatment in broiler chickens. Overall, the 15 mg/kg concentration of IONPs exhibited fast recovery and growth enhancement in coccidiodized broilers. Therefore, the 15 mg/kg dose of green synthesized IONPs using leaf extract of F. racemosa could be a potential and safe anticoccidial agent with targeted implications in the poultry industry.

Efficacy of Complementary Therapies in the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer overall, ranking as the fifth cause of death from cancer. The chronicity of the disease produces long-term physiological and psychological manifestations, which adversely affect the quality of life of the individual. The primary treatment while managing cancer presents with various debilitating side effects. With the recent advances in treatment techniques that have improved the survival rate, patients suffer from continuing posttreatment complications. Patients seem to cope well with the stress of treatment of BC and sustain a normal life; however, the deterioration in physical well-being makes the patient functionally inefficient. Exercise has been proven to be an effective, safe, and feasible tool in combating the adverse effects of treatment, prevents complications and decreases the risk of BC-specific mortality. This review briefly presents an overview of the burden of the disease and its management strategies. Owing to the heterogeneity of the population and the multitude of therapies they receive, the response of each patient to treatment is different and so is the magnitude of adverse effects. The review discusses the late sequelae following treatment and evidence supporting the role of physical activity in their management. In conclusion, there is a need for personalized physical activity plans to be developed to suit the individual and their circumstances.