RESUMEN
Sageretia thea is used in the preparation of herbal medicine in China and Korea; this plant is rich in various bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids. The objective of the current study was to enhance the production of phenolic compounds in plant cell suspension cultures of Sageretia thea. Optimum callus was induced from cotyledon explants on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5 mg L-1), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.5 mg L-1), kinetin (KN; 0.1 mg L-1) and sucrose (30 g L-1). Browning of callus was successfully avoided by using 200 mg L-1 ascorbic acid in the callus cultures. The elicitor effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was studied in cell suspension cultures, and the addition of 200 µM MeJA was found suitable for elicitation of phenolic accumulation in the cultured cells. Phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were determined using 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and results showed that cell cultures possessed highest phenolic and flavonoid content as well as highest DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activities. Cell suspension cultures were established using 5 L capacity balloon-type bubble bioreactors using 2 L of MS medium 30 g L-1 sucrose and 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, and 0.1 mg L-1 KN. The optimum yield of 230.81 g of fresh biomass and 16.48 g of dry biomass was evident after four weeks of cultures. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the cell biomass produced in bioreactors possessed higher concentrations of catechin hydrate, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, and other phenolic compounds.
RESUMEN
Background: Sorafenib and lenvatinib have been widely adopted to treat radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). However, limited data exist regarding a direct comparison of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of two TKIs as first-line therapy in patients with distant metastatic or locally advanced, progressive, RAI-refractory DTC in real-world practice. Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 136 patients with progressive distant metastatic or locally advanced, progressive, RAI-refractory DTC or poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) who received first-line sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). We also evaluated the objective response rate, disease-control rate, clinical benefit rate, and safety. Results: The median age of the patients was 68 years, and 35% (47/136) were male. Eighty and fifty-six patients were included in the sorafenib and lenvatinib groups, respectively. The median PFS was 13.3 months [95% confidence interval, CI, 9.9-18.1 months] in the sorafenib group and 35.3 months [CI, 18.2 months to upper limit not reported as the median was not reached] in the lenvatinib group (p = 0.001). A significantly prolonged PFS was observed in the lenvatinib group (compared with the sorafenib group) after adjusting for age, sex, pathology, disease-related symptom, lung-only metastasis, cumulative RAI dose, time from diagnosis, treatment duration, and longest diameter of the target lesion (hazard ratio = 0.34, CI, 0.19-0.60, p < 0.001). The partial response rate was 24% and 59% in the sorafenib and lenvatinib groups, respectively (p < 0.001). More common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypertension (16%, 9/56 vs. 1%, 1/80, p = 0.002) and proteinuria (32%, 18/56 vs. 0%, p < 0.001) in the lenvatinib group, and hand-foot skin reaction (24%, 19/80 vs. 4%, 2/56, p = 0.001) in the sorafenib group. Conclusion: In our study of Asian patients, first-line lenvatinib treatment of metastatic or locally advanced, progressive, RAI-refractory DTC or PDTC was associated with a longer PFS compared with sorafenib. However, severe hypertension and proteinuria were observed more frequently after lenvatinib treatment than after sorafenib treatment.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Antineoplásicos , Hipertensión , Quinolinas , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Femenino , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Compuestos de Fenilurea/efectos adversos , Quinolinas/efectos adversos , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Proteinuria/inducido químicamente , Proteinuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Objective: Thyroid cancer survivors have a high risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). We aimed to evaluate the site-specific incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for metachronous SPMs following thyroid cancer. Design: A nationwide cohort study. Methods: This study included data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service (between 2002 and 2018). Exposure to diagnostic radiation was defined by the number of computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT scans after the index date. A cumulative radioactive iodine (RAI) dose >100 mCi was considered high-dose RAI. Results: During the median 6 years of follow-up, among 291 640 patients, 13 083 (4.5%) developed SPMs. Thyroid cancer survivors had a 26% increased risk of SPMs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.22-1.29). Furthermore, those with SPMs had a significantly poorer survival rate than those without SPMs (hazard ratio: 11.85; 95% CI: 11.21-12.54; P < 0.001). Significantly elevated risks were observed in myeloid leukemia and 13 solid cancer sites: lip, salivary gland, small intestine, larynx, lung, mediastinum and pleura, mesothelium, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, kidney, and bladder. Frequent diagnostic medical radiation exposure and high-dose RAI therapy were independent risk factors for several SPMs, including the cancer of salivary gland, lung, mediastinum and pleura, breast, kidney, and bladder, as well as myeloid leukemia. Conclusions: Frequent diagnostic radiation exposure and high-dose RAI therapy are independent risk factors for SPM following thyroid cancer. Clinicians need to consider minimizing unnecessary diagnostic radiation exposure and administering a high dose RAI only when justified in patients with thyroid cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from the parafollicular cells. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the condition are different from those used for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Since the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of MTC, the latest, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association for Medical Oncology guidelines have been updated to reflect several recent advances in the management of MTC. Advances in molecular diagnosis and postoperative risk stratification systems have led to individualized treatment and follow-up strategies. Multi-kinase inhibitors, such as vandetanib and cabozantinib, can prolong disease progression-free survival with favorable adverse effects. In addition, potent selective rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors (selpercatinib and pralsetinib) have shown a promising efficacy in recent clinical trials. This review summarizes the management of MTC in recent guidelines focused on sporadic MTC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Neuroendocrino , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Early life and adulthood stress increase vulnerability for mental illness, and eventually trigger depression. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have antidepressant effects, but their effect on rats exposed to combined stress has been not investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether n-3 PUFA supplementation had antidepressant-like effects in rat models of depression induced by a combination of chronic mild stress (CMS) and maternal separation (MS) through the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neurotransmission. Rats were fed the n-3 PUFA diet during the pre-weaning or post-weaning period or for lifetime, and allocated to different groups based on the type of induced stress: non-stress (NS), CMS + MS, or CMS alone. N-3 PUFA improved the depressive behaviors of the CMS alone and CMS + MS groups and modulated the HPA-axis by reducing the circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, and corticotropin-releasing factor expression, and increasing glucocorticoid receptor expression. N-3 PUFA also modulated brain phospholipid fatty acid concentration, thus reducing inflammatory cytokines; improved the serotonergic pathway, thus increasing the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), serotonin-1A receptor, and serum levels of serotonin; but did not affect glutamatergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA decreased the hippocampal expression of microRNA-218 and -132, increased that of microRNA-155, and its lifetime supplementation was more beneficial than pre- or post-weaning supplementation. This study suggests that n-3 PUFA has an antidepressant effect in rats exposed to combined stress, through the improvement of the HPA-axis abnormalities, the BDNF-serotonergic pathway, and the modulation of microRNAs.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/sangre , Animales , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hormona Liberadora de Corticotropina/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Dinoprostona/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Subunidades de Proteína/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Glutamato/metabolismo , Serotonina/sangre , Estrés Psicológico/sangreRESUMEN
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, causing serious liver complications, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent findings suggest that peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) regulates energy homeostasis, including hepatic lipid metabolism. More specifically, liver-specific 5HT2A knockout mice exhibit alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Here, structural modifications of pimavanserin (CNS drug), a 5HT2A antagonist approved for Parkinson's disease, led us to synthesize new peripherally acting 5HT2A antagonists. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 14a showed good in vitro activity, good liver microsomal stability, 5HT subtype selectivity, and no significant inhibition of CYP and hERG. The in vitro and in vivo blood-brain barrier permeability study proved that 14a acts peripherally. Compound 14a decreased the liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat-diet-induced obesity mice. Our study suggests new therapeutic possibilities for peripheral 5HT2A antagonists in NAFLD.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Diseño de Fármacos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/síntesis química , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/uso terapéutico , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Background: Treatment for patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is challenging. Recently, two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib and lenvatinib) have been approved and showed benefits for progression-free survival with tolerable adverse events. Methods: This is an extension study of a previous multicenter, retrospective cohort study of real-world experience in treating 98 patients with progressive RAI-refractory DTC with sorafenib. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The efficacy of lenvatinib as salvage therapy after disease progression on first-line sorafenib was evaluated by comparing outcomes in 32 patients who were treated with lenvatinib with 41 patients who were not and therefore served as a no salvage treatment group. Results: The median OS of all 98 patients treated with sorafenib was 41.5 months, and the median progression-free survival was 13.5 months. Patients without disease-related symptoms before sorafenib treatment had better OS than those with symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.31-0.99], p = 0.048). Larger tumor size was associated with a minimally increased risk of death (HR = 1.02 [CI 1.00-1.03], p = 0.049). Best tumor response was not associated with OS (p = 0.490). Lenvatinib salvage treatment significantly improved OS in patients receiving it compared with those who did not (HR = 0.28 [CI 0.15-0.53], p < 0.001). The median OS from the time of disease progression after first-line sorafenib treatment was 4.9 months in no salvage treatment group, whereas it was not reached in the lenvatinib salvage group. Conclusions: The absence of disease-related symptoms and smaller tumor burden was associated with survival benefits of first-line sorafenib treatment in patients with progressive RAI-refractory DTC. Lenvatinib salvage therapy was effective in improving OS in patients with disease progression after first-line sorafenib.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/terapia , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Supervivencia sin Progresión , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terapia Recuperativa , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/radioterapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The benzylideneacetophenone derivative JC3 [(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)phenylpro-2-en-l-one] (JC3) was synthesized by modifying yakuchinone B obtained from the seeds of Alpinia oxyphylla, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), which are widely used as a folk remedy and as an anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of JC3 in rat models of carrageenan-induced paw pain and carrageenan/kaolin-induced knee arthritis. The anti-nociceptive effect of JC3 was assessed by measuring paw withdrawal pressure thresholds using an analgesy-meter. Arthritic symptoms in our monoarthritic rat model were evaluated using weight distribution ratios (WDR), paw thicknesses, and serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels (determined by ELISA). Histological analyses of knee joints were performed after injecting JC3 intraperitoneally into rats before carrageenan treatment at 5 or 10 mg/kg/day for 6 days. The anti-inflammatory effects of JC3 were investigated in vitro using interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß)-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from arthritis patients. PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured after treating FLS with JC3. In arthritis-induced rats, JC3 treatment significantly decreased nociceptive and arthritic symptoms at days 5 to 6 after carrageenan/kaolin injection. Histological staining of knee tissue showed that JC3 significantly reduced inflammatory areas in the knee joints. Furthermore, JC3 inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 in FLS cells at concentrations of 5-10 µg/ml and decreased PGE2 levels in FLS cells. These findings suggest JC3 has anti-arthritic effects in in vivo and in vitro, and that it might be useful for the treatment of arthritis.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos de Bencilideno/farmacología , Citocinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inflamación/prevención & control , Sinoviocitos/metabolismo , Analgésicos/síntesis química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/inducido químicamente , Compuestos de Bencilideno/uso terapéutico , Carragenina , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta , Caolín , Propiofenonas/síntesis química , Ratas , Sinoviocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Sinoviocitos/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in real-world clinical practice and compared the results to those of the DECISION trial. The clinical features associated with better clinical outcomes after sorafenib treatment were also evaluated. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study evaluated 98 patients with progressive RAI-refractory DTC who were treated with sorafenib in six tertiary hospitals in Korea. The primary objective was the progression-free survival (PFS) according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors v1.1. Overall survival, response rate (defined as the best objective response according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors v1.1), and safety were also evaluated. RESULTS: The median PFS was 9.7 months; median overall survival was not reached during follow-up. Partial responses and stable disease were achieved in 25 (25%) and 64 (65%) patients, respectively. Stable disease of >6 months was achieved in 41 (42%) patients. Subgroup analyses identified several prognostic indicators of a better PFS: absence of disease-related symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.5; p = 0.041), lung-only metastasis (HR = 0.4; p = 0.048), a daily maintenance dose ≥600 mg (HR = 0.3; p = 0.005), and a thyroglobulin reduction ≥60% (HR = 0.4; p = 0.012). The mean daily dose of sorafenib was 666 ± 114 mg, and drug withdrawals due to adverse events (AEs) occurred in 13% of patients. AEs and serious AEs were reported in 93 (95%) and 40 (41%) patients, respectively. The most frequent AE was hand-foot skin reaction (76%). CONCLUSIONS: The PFS of progressive RAI-refractory DTC patients treated with sorafenib was consistent with the findings of the DECISION trial. Disease-related symptoms, lung-only metastasis, a daily maintenance dose, and thyroglobulin reduction were significantly associated with PFS. These results suggest that sorafenib is an effective treatment option for patients with progressive RAI-refractory DTC.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Supervivencia sin Progresión , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tasa de Supervivencia , Atención Terciaria de Salud , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of vitamin D levels and iodine intake on thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in the Korean population. METHODS: In this nationwide population-based study, data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI-1 and 2 (2013 and 2014), which was the first nationwide survey that measured both serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in Korea. A total of 4181 participants who underwent laboratory tests for thyroid function, serum 25(OH)D levels, and UICs were included. RESULTS: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity was more prevalent in the vitamin D deficient group (9.1%) than the vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups (5.3% each; P = 0.016). The rate of TPOAb positivity was significantly higher in the iodine deficient group (P = 0.032). Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in the iodine excessive group than in the other groups in total (P = 0.016) and TPOAb negative participants (P = 0.007). In the vitamin D deficient group, excessive iodine intake was significantly associated with high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in total and TPOAb negative participants (P = 0.021 and P = 0.033, respectively). In the vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups, association between thyroid dysfunction and iodine intake disappeared in total and TPOAb negative participants. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide survey revealed a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in participants with excessive iodine intake. Our findings might be helpful for elucidating the potential benefit of vitamin D supplements in TPOAb negative patients with excessive iodine intake.
Asunto(s)
Autoinmunidad/inmunología , Glándula Tiroides/inmunología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/inmunología , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Yodo/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Glándula Tiroides/fisiopatología , Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most of the increase in thyroid cancer in recent decades has been due to papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). We evaluated the efficacy of radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) in patients with PTMC. METHODS: This historical cohort study included 1932 PTMC patients without lateral cervical lymph node (LN) or distant metastasis who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) during the median 8.3 years of follow-up. The clinical outcomes of patients with or without RRA were compared using weighted logistic regression models with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method and considering risk factors, including age, sex, primary tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, and central cervical LN metastasis. RESULTS: The median primary tumor size of the RRA group was significantly larger than that of the no-RRA group (0.7 vs. 0.5 cm, P < 0.001). There were significantly more patients with multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and cervical LN metastasis in the RRA group compared with the no-RRA group. There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two groups (P = 0.11). Cox proportional-hazard analysis with IPTW by adjusting for clinicopathological risk factors demonstrated no significant difference in recurrence of PTMC according to RRA treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-6.25; P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: RRA had no therapeutic effect on the clinical outcomes of patients with PTMC who underwent TT. Surgical treatment without RRA could be applicable for patients with PTMC if there is no evidence of lateral cervical LN metastasis or distant metastasis.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Ablación , Carcinoma Papilar/terapia , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/terapia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/terapia , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasia Residual , Neoplasias Primarias Múltiples/patología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Tiroidectomía , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Pollen is an important cause of respiratory allergic reactions. As individual sanitation has improved, allergy risk has increased, and this trend is expected to continue due to climate change. Atmospheric pollen concentration is highly influenced by weather conditions. Regression analysis and modeling of the relationships between airborne pollen concentrations and weather conditions were performed to analyze and forecast pollen conditions. Traditionally, daily pollen concentration has been estimated using regression models that describe the relationships between observed pollen concentrations and weather conditions. These models were able to forecast daily concentrations at the sites of observation, but lacked broader spatial applicability beyond those sites. To overcome this limitation, an integrated modeling scheme was developed that is designed to represent the underlying processes of pollen production and distribution. A maximum potential for airborne pollen is first determined using the Weibull probability density function. Then, daily pollen concentration is estimated using multiple regression models. Daily risk grade levels are determined based on the risk criteria used in Korea. The mean percentages of agreement between the observed and estimated levels were 81.4-88.2 % and 92.5-98.5 % for oak and Japanese hop pollens, respectively. The new models estimated daily pollen risk more accurately than the original statistical models because of the newly integrated biological response curves. Although they overestimated seasonal mean concentration, they did not simulate all of the peak concentrations. This issue would be resolved by adding more variables that affect the prevalence and internal maturity of pollens.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/análisis , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Estadísticos , Polen , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Predicción , Humulus , Quercus , Análisis de Regresión , República de Corea , RiesgoRESUMEN
Postmenopausal women aged 50s generally experience gradual changes in body such as decline in antioxidant and estrogen levels as the body ages. To overcome these aging-associated changes, the needs for health functional foods are increasing. Dendropanax morbifera (DM) have antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory against cancer cells, antidiabetic, and antiatherogenic effect which are associated with postmenopausal symptoms. We analyzed clinical effects of DM on aging-related symptoms by reporting their antioxidant, anticancer and inflammatory activity, etc. and their bioactivity. Data sources EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to August 2016 for studies investigating medicinal plants in prevention and treatment of diabetes. The search terms were "Dendropanax morbifera". The reference lists of articles were also reviewed for additional relevant studies. Extracts of DM have various efficacy such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-thrombotic effect.
RESUMEN
Some species of traditional herbal medicine has a history of use, most traditional natural herbs have been used for various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Among them, Passiflora incarnata L. is a traditional natural medicine, flowers as well as berries, roots, and leaves have been used as a medicine. It has been used as a natural medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety for a longtime in Europe, and it has been used primarily for sedation tea in North America. Moreover, Passiflora incarnata L. is widely used anti-asthmatic, analgesic and sedation in Brazil. In other words, Passiflora incarnata L. has been used to treat a sedative, dysmenorrhea, insomnia, cancer, etc. in many countries. Present review of the plants showed a wide range of pharmacological activity in anxiolytic relax the clinical disease, such as anti-inflammatory, anxiety and antioxidant. In addition, Passiflora incarnata L. affects menopause symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, and depression. This review aims to provide the latest information on specific functional components of Passiflora incarnata L. especially the results of clinical trials will provide new insights into opportunities for the future development of natural medicines and doors will be used for purposes of analysis.
RESUMEN
Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of renal tubular cells is known to be a major mechanism of renal injury. Red ginseng extract (RGE) has been reported to possess antioxidant and immune-modulatory activities. We investigated the effect of RGE on gentamicin (GM)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cultured renal tubular cells and animal model of GM-induced AKI. GM induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and mitochondrial oxidation in NRK-52E cells that were ameliorated with RGE. GM-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells, which was associated with an increased expression of mitochondrial Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-9 and -3, along with a decrease in bcl-2 expression, was also blocked by RGE. In an animal model of GM-induced AKI, RGE treatment significantly attenuated renal dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and tubular damage. RGE ameliorated ROS production in rats with GM-induced AKI, as demonstrated by an increase in the reduced form of glutathione in renal cortex and a decrease in urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Our results suggest that RGE protects the kidney from GM-induced AKI via the mechanism of modulation of oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Túbulos Renales/efectos de los fármacos , Panax , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Gentamicinas/efectos adversos , Masculino , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
The inhibitory effects of oxyresveratrol, the aglycone of mulberroside A, on mushroom and cellular tyrosinase activities and melanin synthesis were evaluated. Mulberroside A and oxyresveratrol showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, with oxyresveratrol demonstrating a greater inhibitory effect than that of mulberroside A. Oxyresveratrol and mulberroside A strongly inhibited melanin production in Streptomyces bikiniensis and exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of tyrosinase activity and inhibition of melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. However, the compounds exhibited nearly similar inhibitory effects on the activity of cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in murine melanocytes. The inhibition of melanin synthesis by mulberroside A and oxyresveratrol was involved in suppressing the expression level of melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). These results indicate that the inhibition rate of mushroom tyrosinase might not provide an accurate estimate of the inhibition rate of melanin synthesis in melanocytes.
Asunto(s)
Agaricales/enzimología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Disacáridos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Disacáridos/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Melaninas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Melaninas/biosíntesis , Ratones , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estilbenos/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Mulberroside A, a glycosylated stilbene, was isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of the roots of Morus alba. Oxyresveratrol, the aglycone of mulberroside A, was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of mulberroside A using the commercial enzyme Pectinex. Mulberroside A and oxyresveratrol showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC(50) of 53.6 and 0.49 microM, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of oxyresveratrol was thus approximately 110-fold higher than that of mulberroside A. Inhibition kinetics showed mulberroside A to be a competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as substrate. Oxyresveratrol showed mixed inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition against L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, respectively, as substrate. The results indicate that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of mulberroside A was greatly enhanced by the bioconversion process.
Asunto(s)
Disacáridos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Morus/metabolismo , Estilbenos/metabolismo , Agaricales/enzimología , Biotransformación , Disacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Disacáridos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Estilbenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estilbenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted interest as an anticancer treatment, when used in conjunction with standard chemotherapy. We investigated the mechanistic basis for combining low-dose TRAIL with microtubule-targeting agents that invoke the mitotic checkpoint. Treatment of T98G and HCT116 cells with nocodazole alone resulted in a robust mitotic block with initially little cell death; low levels of cell death were also seen with TRAIL alone at 10 ng/mL final concentration. In contrast, the addition of low-dose TRAIL to nocodazole was associated with maximally increased caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation, which efficiently abrogated the mitotic delay and markedly increased cell death. In contrast, the abrogation of mitotic checkpoint and increased cell death were blocked by inhibitors of caspase-8 and caspase-9 or pan-caspase inhibitor. The addition of TRAIL to either nocodazole or paclitaxel (Taxol) reduced levels of the mitotic checkpoint proteins BubR1 and Bub1. BubR1 mutated for the caspase cleavage sites, but not wild-type BubR1, was resistant to cleavage induced by TRAIL added to nocodazole, and partially blocked the checkpoint abrogation. These results suggest that adding a relatively low concentration of TRAIL to antimicrotubule agents markedly increases complete caspase activation. This in turn accentuates degradation of spindle checkpoint proteins such as BubR1 and Bub1, contributes to abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, and induces cancer cell death. These results suggest that TRAIL may increase the anticancer efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Microtúbulos/efectos de los fármacos , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocodazol/administración & dosificación , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF/administración & dosificación , Ligando Inductor de Apoptosis Relacionado con TNF/farmacología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Mitosis/genética , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Although the notion of the language specificity of neural correlates has been widely accepted in the past (e.g., lefthemispheric dominance including Broca's and Wernike's area, N400 ERP component of semantic processing, and the P600 ERP component of syntactic processing, etc.), recent studies have shown that music and language share some important neurological aspects in their processing, both involving bilateral hemispheric activities. In line with this are the frequent behavioral clinical observations that persons with aphasia show improved articulation and prosody of speech in musically assisted phrases. Connecting recent neurological findings with clinical observations would not only inform clinical practice but would enhance understanding of the neurological mechanisms involved in the processing of speech/language and music. This article presents a music therapy treatment protocol study of 7 nonfluent patients with aphasia. The data and findings are discussed with regard to some of the recent focuses and issues addressed in the experimental studies using cognitive-behavioral, electrophysiological, and brain-imaging techniques.
Asunto(s)
Afasia de Broca/rehabilitación , Afasia de Broca/terapia , Musicoterapia/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Música , Habla , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grabación de Cinta de VideoRESUMEN
We isolated a novel gene encoding a zinc finger protein from Xenopus laevis, designated NZFP that interacts with the TATA-binding protein (TBP). NZFP contains a highly conserved sequence designated finger associated box (FAX) and SUMO-1 consensus-binding motifs at the N-terminal half and 10 C2H2 type zinc finger motifs at the C-terminal half, respectively. Deletion mutants of NZFP fused with the Gal4 DNA binding domain were used to determine the function of NZFP during gene transcription by transfecting them into a Xenopus kidney cell line. Both full-length NZFP and the FAX domain repressed transcription activity by 3-5-fold. Moreover, an in vitro pull-down assay showed that the C-terminal core domain of TBP makes direct contact with the N-terminal portion of NZFP. We also found through chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments that the interaction between NZFP and TBP inhibits binding of TFIIA and TFIIB. These data strongly suggest that the repression by NZFP occurs through its binding to both DNA and TBP and the resulting NZFP-TBP-promoter complex inhibits preinitiation complex assembly by preventing binding of TFIIA and TFIIB.