RESUMEN
To enhance the skin whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis needs to be suppressed in the skin. To achieve this goal, we examined the extract of Thymus quinquecostatus flowers, and identified a functional ingredient, galuteolin. Galuteolin effectively inhibited melanin biosynthesis in B16/F10 cells, partially suppressing tyrosinase activity. Therefore, this study suggests that galuteolin can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening.
Asunto(s)
Melaninas , Melanoma Experimental , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Flores , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Monofenol Monooxigenasa , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This study was performed to determine the antimetastatic activities of chili pepper seed on human breast cancer cells. The water extract of chili pepper seeds was prepared and it contained a substantial amount of phenols (131.12 mg%) and no capsaicinoids. Pepper seed extract (PSE) suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 10, 25, and 50 µg/ml (MDA-MB-231: IC50 = 20.1 µg/ml, MCF-7: IC50 = 14.7 µg/ml). PSE increased the expression level of E-cadherin up to 1.2-fold of the control in MCF-7 cells. PSE also decreased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at the concentration of 25 and 50 µg/ml. PSE treatment significantly suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The motility of cancer cells was apparently retarded in the wound healing assay by the PSE treatment. Although our data collectively demonstrate that PSE inhibits invasion and migration of breast cancer cells, further study is needed to identify specific mechanisms and bioactive components contributing to antimetastatic effects of chili pepper seed.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Capsicum/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Semillas/química , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Cadherinas/genética , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividad NeoplásicaRESUMEN
During a 2-y study, drinking-water samples were analyzed for gross-alpha and gross-beta activity in 1,869 community water supplies in New York State. Among these, 87 and 14 samples were further analyzed for radium and uranium activity, respectively. The results showed that concentrations in drinking water samples met regulatory limits for gross-alpha, gross-beta, and combined radium in over 99% of the community water supplies tested. Gross-alpha activity in 97% of the supplies was below half of the maximum contaminant level. In the water samples that exceeded the maximum contaminant level, a significant part of the gross-alpha activity was contributed by dissolved uranium. In the 14 supplies that contained >556 mBq L(-1) (15 pCi L(-1)) of gross-alpha activity, the mean uranium concentrations were 548 mBq L(-1) and ranged from 36 to 2,135 mBq L(-1). In the 87 supplies that contained >185 mBq L(-1) of gross-alpha activity, the mean 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations were each 52 mBq L(-1). Based on the mean concentrations in the measured water supplies, the radioactive dose due to ingestion of 226Ra, 228Ra, and uranium is about 27 microSv y(-1), respectively, with 228Ra alone producing half of the dose.