RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Professionals in fields including chiropractic, physiotherapy, manual therapy and osteopathy recommend manipulation techniques for the treatment of infant torticollis. This article summarises the research evaluating such treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The article is based on a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, AMED, PEDro, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature in August 2017. Controlled studies were included to assess efficacy, and observational studies to reveal the risk of harm. RESULTS: We reviewed 3 418 unique hits from the literature search. We included three randomised controlled studies on the efficacy of manual therapy or osteopathy and three observational studies on possible adverse effects. Two studies on manual therapy suggested that manipulation techniques do not have any greater effect on symmetry and motor outcomes than parental guidance, physiotherapy and home exercises. One study suggested that osteopathy may contribute to increased symmetry compared to placebo, but the clinical significance of this change is uncertain. Neither the three randomised studies nor a large patient series involving 695 infants found manipulation techniques to be associated with a risk of serious adverse events, but three patient histories demonstrated that manipulation techniques may cause harm if the observed asymmetry has serious underlying causes. INTERPRETATION: Manipulation techniques have not been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of infant torticollis, but the available evidence must be considered uncertain.