Polaprezinc for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A multi-institutional randomized controlled trial.

Oral mucositis is a common and distressing complication in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We reported previously in a single-center retrospective analysis that zinc-L-carnosine (polaprezinc [PZ]) reduced the incidence of oral mucositis associated with HSCT. To verify the accuracy of the prophylactic effect of PZ against oral mucositis, we carried out a multi-institutional prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to either the prevention group, in which PZ lozenge treatment was started before chemotherapy, or the control group, in which administration of PZ lozenges was initiated immediately after the onset of Grade 2 oral mucositis. Oral mucositis was evaluated daily from the start of chemotherapy to 35 days after transplantation. A total of 91 patients were enrolled, and 88 patients (47 in the control group and 41 in the prevention group) were eligible for data analysis. The incidence of Grade ≥2 but not Grade ≥3 oral mucositis was significantly reduced in the prevention group compared to the control group (44.7% in control group vs 22.0% in the prevention group, P = .025). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events or the rate of engraftment (95.6% vs 97.2%, P = .693) between the two groups. These findings suggest that PZ lozenge is effective for prophylaxis against Grade ≥2 oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in patients undergoing HSCT without any influence on the HSCT outcome.

Prophylactic Effect of Polaprezinc, a Zinc-L-carnosine, Against Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Polaprezinc suspension in sodium alginate (PZ-AG) reduces the incidence and severity of oral mucositis in adult patients receiving radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy. In the present study, the prophylactic effect of PZ-AG against oral mucositis was assessed in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 16 children who underwent HSCT during a period between January 2010 and December 2017 were obtained from medical records and they were retrospectively analyzed. Oral mucositis was evaluated by the WHO scale. RESULTS: Six (37.5%) of 16 children refused to take PZ-AG in a preliminary assessment and they were pretreated with azulene gargle. The remaining 10 (62.5%) patients were pretreated with PZ-AG for prevention of oral mucositis. Grade≥ 3 oral mucositis occurred in 5 (83.3%) of 6 patients receiving azulene gargle, but in 2 (20%) patients who took PZ-AG (p=0.035). The prevalence for the use of opioid analgesics was also significantly lower (30% vs. 100%, p=0.011), while the average duration of total parenteral nutrition use was significantly shorter (11.1 days vs. 24.3 days, p=0.016), in PZ-AG group than in azulene group. On the other hand, PZ-AG had no significant influence on the incidence of other adverse events, mean time to engraftment, or overall survival. CONCLUSION: PZ-AG was found to be highly effective in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT, as in adult patients.

Preparation and clinical evaluation of a novel lozenge containing polaprezinc, a zinc-L-carnosine, for prevention of oral mucositis in patients with hematological cancer who received high-dose chemotherapy.

We previously reported that oral ingestion of polaprezinc, a zinc-L-carnosine, suspended in sodium alginate solution prevents oral mucositis in patients receiving radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy. In the present study, we developed a novel preparation of polaprezinc and evaluated clinical effect of the lozenge preparation in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The preparation contained 18.75 mg polaprezinc in a tablet and showed an excellent uniformity and stability up to 24 weeks after storage under room temperature. The incidence rate of grade ≥ 2 oral mucositis was 74 % in patients without premedication, whereas the rate was remarkably reduced in patients receiving the suspension (23 %) or lozenge (13 %) of polaprezinc (P < 0.01). The use of non-opioid analgesic drugs such as anti-inflammatory agents and local anesthetics for oral pain was also greatly reduced by polaprezinc suspension or its lozenge (16 % for suspension and 13 % for lozenge compared with 89 % with no premedication, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that polaprezinc lozenge is simple to apply and highly effective for prevention of oral mucositis associated with high-dose chemotherapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Polaprezinc prevents oral mucositis in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

We have previously reported that polaprezinc in sodium alginate suspension (P-AG) inhibited the incidence of oral mucositis induced by radiochemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. The present study was designed to investigate whether P-AG prevents oral mucositis in all patients (36 patients) with hematological malignancy receiving high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). P-AG dramatically reduced the incidence of moderate-to-severe oral mucositis as compared to the control group treated with azulene gargle (20% versus 82% for grade ≥ 2, p<0.01; 0% versus 45% for grade ≥ 3, p<0.01). Pain associated with oral mucositis was also significantly (p=0.004) relieved by P-AG, resulting in a reduction in the use of analgesic agents (28% versus 73%, p=0.025). The incidence of xerostomia and taste disturbance tended to be lowered but not significantly by P-AG. On the other hand, P-AG had no influence on the incidence of other adverse events, tumor remission rate or the survival rate. Therefore, P-AG was found to be highly effective in preventing oral mucositis induced not only by radiochemotherapy for head and neck cancer but also by high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by HSCT.