RESUMEN
The expression of the genes of carotenoid-cis-trans-isomerases CrtISO, CrtISO-L1, and CrtISO-L2 was studied in comparison with the content of carotenoids in tomato species with different ripe fruit colors: green (Solanum habrochaites), yellow (S. cheesmaniae), and red (S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum). More ancient origin of CrtISO-L2 in relation to CrtISO and CrtISO-L1 was shown. A similar content of total carotenoids (leaves) and ß-carotene (ripe fruits) between the samples was found. Unlike the fruits of S. habrochaites and S. cheesmaniae, the red fruits accumulated lycopene and 20-30 times greater total carotenoids. The highest level of transcripts both in leaves and in ripe fruits was detected for CrtISO. The CrtISO-L1 and CrtISO-L2 genes were transcribed at high levels in leaves and at low levels in fruits, except for the high expression of CrtISO-L2 in S. lycopersicum fruits. No correlation between the content of carotenoids and the level of gene expression in the fruit was observed. In the leaves, a positive correlation between the amount of carotenoids and the levels of CrtISO-L1 and CrtISO-L2 transcripts was found.
Asunto(s)
Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum/genética , Solanum/metabolismo , cis-trans-Isomerasas/genética , cis-trans-Isomerasas/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Licopeno/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismoRESUMEN
New full-length genes encoding the LeMADS-MC transcription factor orthologues were identified and functionally characterized in wild tomato species S. cheesmaniae and S. habrochaites. A comparative analysis of the encoded proteins and LeMADS-MC of the cultivated tomato species S. lycopersicum revealed two major amino acid residues substitutions: V155E in the K-domain of ShaMADS-MC (S. habrochaites) and S80L in the I-region of SchMADS-MC (S. cheesmaniae). Structural differences of the C-terminal regions of MC and the canonical euAP1 proteins indicate possible chromosomal rearrangements in the Solanoideae subfamily, which, however, did not change the main known conserved euAP1 functions.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Solanum/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Solanum/metabolismoRESUMEN
In 12 different Russian and Kazakhstan potato cultivars, the polymorphism of the glycosyltransferase domain of the sucrose synthase gene was first examined, as well as the polymorphism of the sucrose synthase domain fragment of the same gene in the potato cultivars of Kazakhstan breed. It was demonstrated that the examined sequences contained point mutations, as well as insertions and deletions, including those not described earlier. Amino acid substitutions specific to heat- and drought-tolerant varieties were also identified and could be associated with the development of abiotic stress resistance.
Asunto(s)
Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Eliminación de Gen , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/genética , Kazajstán , Mutagénesis Insercional , Mutación Puntual , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Nucleotide sequences of the self-splicing group-II intron of rps16 have first been determined in nine species of the Solanum genus. It was found that the observed variations in the intron length (855-864 bp) was associated with indels of 1 to 9 b. Altogether, five indels and 50 nucleotide substitutions were detected, which were used to identify six Solanum haplotypes. Although the intron sequence was in general fairly well conserved, the distribution of the described mutations among its structural elements corresponding to six preRNA domains was qualitatively and quantitatively nonuniform. The highest polymorphism levels were observed in domains I, II, and IV. The sequence of domain V was absolutely invariable, which is in agreement with its functional significance.
Asunto(s)
Mutación INDEL , Intrones , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Solanum/genética , HaplotiposRESUMEN
In the present work NBS-ARC domain sequences of Rx1 homologues of ten accessions of cultivated and wild potato species which differ in susceptibility to potato virus X were obtained and studied. Within the NBS-ARC domain different indels and nucleotide/amino acid substitutions, including substitutions in the conservative motives of the domain were detected. There were no direct associations between the mutational changes found in the conservative motives of the NBS-ARC domain and the susceptibility of the studied accessions to X virus.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína/genética , Solanum/genética , Solanum/virología , Secuencias de Aminoácidos/genética , Mutación , Filogenia , Potexvirus/genética , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
The results of the AFLP analysis of 16 leek (Allium porrum) accessions and related species of the sections of the genus Allium are presented. Restriction enzymes and primer combinations for the identification of the genotypes of the A. porrum accessions were chosen. As a result, 265 polymorphic AFLP fragments were amplified for 25 analyzed genotypes, and specific spectra of DNA fragments were obtained for each accession. A total of 24 fragments specific for the A. porrum genome was detected, of which only two characterized the genotypes of individual accessions. A wide range of genetic diversity (0.11-0.32) was revealed for the A. porrum varieties and lines used in the analysis. The highest level of similarity in the analyzed set of accessions was found between A. porrum and sand leek (A. scorodoprasum).
Asunto(s)
Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados/métodos , Variación Genética/genética , Cebollas/genética , Cartilla de ADN , Enzimas de Restricción del ADN , Genotipo , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
Nucleotide and amino acid variability of fragments of the Sus4 gene encoding the sucrose synthase enzyme was studied in 24 potato cultivars selected in Russia and other countries and differing in starch content in tubers. Both SNPs and indels were detected in a chosen Sus4 gene fragment including the sequence from exon 3 to exon 6 and corresponding to the main part of the sucrose synthase domain. Four types of Sus4 sequences were revealed depending on the presence of an insertion in introns 4 and 5 and of the mononucleotide octamer (T)8 in intron 5. Differentiation of these sequences was confirmed by statistical methods. Sixteen amino acid substitutions were identified in the translated sequence, of which eleven were nonsynonymous. Specific varietal nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were also revealed, which can be used in future for marking potato cultivars/genotypes. No direct associations between the mutational changes and the starch content were found in the potato cultivars studied by us.
Asunto(s)
Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Genes de Plantas/fisiología , Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Mutación , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Intrones/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Solanum tuberosum/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Polymorphism of microsatellite loci of the nuclear genome was examined in 29 cultivars and accessions of wild potato (S. tuberosum, S. stoloniferum, S. demissum, and S. phureja). Nine SSP markers, most informative (PIC = 0.61-0.92) for genotyping of the cultivars of Russian breeding were selected. Polymorphism of the selected SSR loci was characterized, and prevailing, as well as unique SSR allele phenotypes were described. A total of 87 allele phenotypes were identified. The highest number of allele phenotypes was detected for the SSRI (17), ST83/84 (12), and STRBCS1b (12) loci. The least numbers of allele phenotypes were typical of the ST47/48 (5) and STWIN12G (6) loci. Based on the microsatellite loci analyzed, for each of the cultivars examined, its allele formula was established. The latter can be uses as the cultivar molecular genetic passport. Diagnostic sets of most informative loci (SSR markers), enabling identification of the genotypes of all potato cultivars of Russian breeding examined, were determined.
Asunto(s)
Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Cruzamiento , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
For the first time the chloroplast rpS16 intron sequences in A. sativum accessions with different ecologo-geographical origins and related Allium species have been characterized. The main stem-loop consensus sequences and boundaries ofsix domains have been identified and the most probable secondary structure model of the intron pre-RNA has been predicted. Allium rpS16 introns have been characterized by mutation rate heterogeneity between structure regions of all six domains. Domains II and IV of the intron are shown to be more variable with transition predominance in I, III, V and VI domain sequences. In addition to structure elements typical for group IIB introns the Allium specific micro- and macrostructural alterations have been revealed. The 290 nucleotide deletion of domains III-IV sequences and of the part of the domain V has been revealed in A. altaicum, A. fistulosum, A. schoenoprasum rpS16 intron sequences. Several nucleotide substitutions and extensive length mutations result in secondary structure deviation from the consensus model of group II introns.
Asunto(s)
Ajo/genética , Genoma del Cloroplasto/fisiología , Intrones/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Precursores del ARN/genética , ARN de Planta/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/genética , Ajo/metabolismo , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Precursores del ARN/metabolismo , ARN de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The possibility to use agrobacterial transformation of leaf discs to produce resistance to bacterial infections in tobacco and potato plants by introduction of a single gene encoding the serine proteinase inhibitor BWI-1a (ISP) from buckwheat seeds is shown. All studied PCR-positive transgenic plants exhibited antibacterial activity in biotests. It was shown that the presence of just a single gene of serine proteinase inhibitor provides sufficient protection at least against two bacterial phytopathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Clavibacter michiganensis sbsp. michiganensis. The biotest including tobacco plant infection by the white wings butterfly in the green house has also demonstrated the existence of protective effect in transgenic tobacco plants. Significant genotypic variations in the protection efficiency were found between members of different genera of the same family (potato and tobacco) as well as between different lines of the same species. Northern blot analysis of four transgenic potato lines and three tobacco lines transformed by a vector plasmid containing the ISP gene of serine proteinases BWI-1a from buckwheat seeds has shown the presence of the expected size mRNA transcript.
Asunto(s)
Fagopyrum/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Semillas/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Actinomycetales/efectos de los fármacos , Actinomycetales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Mariposas Diurnas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hemípteros/crecimiento & desarrollo , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Pseudomonas syringae/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas syringae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Solanum tuberosum/microbiología , Solanum tuberosum/parasitología , Nicotiana/microbiología , Nicotiana/parasitologíaRESUMEN
The cpSSR method was for the first time used to analyze the plastome in 29 Russian potato Solanum tuberosum cultivars. The informativeness coefficient H and the alleles of the NTCP6, NTCP8, and NTCP9 loci were determined. In total, 14 allelic variants of the microsatellite cpDNA loci were identified. The NTCP8 and NTCP9 cpSSR displayed the greatest allele polymorphism in the cultivars examined. A cultivar-specific haplotype of the chloroplast genome was observed for 20 out of 29 cultivars.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Cloroplastos/genética , Genoma del Cloroplasto , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Polimorfismo Genético , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Frecuencia de los GenesRESUMEN
Polymerase chain reaction with random primers (RAPD-PCR) is used to fingerprint DNA polymorphism of six species and eight cultivars of potato. Three primers were developed experimentally for detection by DNA fingerprinting of cultivars and species. High significance and reproducibility of amplified DNA spectra for each species and cultivar was demonstrated. In these spectra, RAPD-PCR fragments, were revealed which may serve as cultivar-and species-specific markers for identification and differentiation of Solanum cultivars and species.