RESUMEN
PURPOSE: We previously reported that polyphyllin D, a main component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Paris polyphylla, exhibited anticancer effects in vitro against human neuroblastoma cells. The aims of this investigation was to examine the presence or absence of in vivo anti-metastasis effects of polyphyllin D were to establish a liver metastasis model of neuroblastoma and to evaluate the anti-metastasis effects of polyphyllin D. METHODS: Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumors, and metastasis models were established in immune-deficient BALB/c nude and BALB/c Rag-2/Jak3 double-deficient (BRJ) mice using the human neuroblastoma cell lines IMR-32, LA-N-2, or NB-69. For evaluating polyphyllin D activity, we used a mouse model of liver metastasis with the IMR-32 cells line injected through the tail vein. We analyzed the livers number and area of liver tumors in of the phosphate buffer solution- and polyphyllin D-treated groups. RESULTS: Liver metastasis and intraperitoneal dissemination models were successfully established in immune-deficient BRJ mice using the three human neuroblastoma cell lines. In the liver metastasis, the model of IMR-32 cells, we found that polyphyllin D suppressed both the number and total area of metastatic foci the average number of metastatic foci, average focus areas, and number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells were significantly lower in the polyphyllin D group (p = 0.016, 0.020, 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a mouse models of neuroblastoma metastasis and demonstrated for the first time that polyphyllin D has an antitumor effect on neuroblastoma liver metastases.
Asunto(s)
Diosgenina , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neuroblastoma , Animales , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Diosgenina/análogos & derivados , Diosgenina/farmacología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Neuroblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neuroblastoma/patología , SaponinasRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of egg yolk powder enriched with astaxanthin (ASX-E) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to verify the benefits of ASX-E as a functional food. To investigate the antihypertensive effect, SHR were fed with an ASX-E mixed diet before hypertension development. Blood pressures were determined periodically during the study by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aortas were collected to determine vascular conductance. The thoracic aorta tension was measured with a force displacement transducer. Concentration-dependent response relationships were determined by cumulative addition of 10-9-10-4 M Carbamoylcholine (Cch). Blood pressures of the SHR in the ASX-E mixed diet group were ASX-dose-dependently lower than that of those in the control group. In SHR fed with an ASX-E mixed diet, Cch induced vasorelaxation in the thoracic aorta with endothelium lining but not without endothelium. However, the antihypertensive effect of ASX-E was not observed on blood pressures in SHR that were fed with ASX-E only after the development of hypertension. Results suggest that ASX-E protects endothelial function and thereby prevents the development of hypertension. Hence, the results of our research indicate that daily consumption of ASX-E has a potential benefit on human health.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Aorta Torácica/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Vasoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Xantófilas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Occlusal therapy is employed to alleviate the symptoms of a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) at times. However, the long-term effect of occlusal therapy in the masticatory system is not well understood. This case study aims to present a 30-year follow-up of a TMD case. METHODOLOGY: The patient developed TMD with intermittent closed lock of the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Chief complaints included trismus, pain, and noise of the left TMJ during function. The patient's occlusal disharmony was assessed with use of electronic instruments and corrected based on the neuromuscular concept. A minimum-invasive and reversible approach using adhesive occlusal restorations was used. RESULTS: The jaw movement and masticatory muscle activity assessed at the 7- and 23-year follow-ups revealed that the established occlusion was well adapted, and re-established the patient's functional occlusion system. The patient has been free from TMD symptoms with the corrected occlusion for 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal reconstruction based on the neuromuscular concept can be stably integrated into the patient's functional occlusion system.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Miofuncional/métodos , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/terapia , Electromiografía/métodos , Dolor Facial/terapia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Registro de la Relación Maxilomandibular/métodos , Luxaciones Articulares/fisiopatología , Luxaciones Articulares/terapia , Cóndilo Mandibular/fisiopatología , Músculo Masetero/fisiología , Contracción Muscular/fisiología , Terapia Miofuncional/instrumentación , Unión Neuromuscular/fisiología , Ajuste Oclusal , Ferulas Oclusales , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Músculo Temporal/fisiología , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/fisiopatología , Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea del Nervio/métodos , Trismo/terapia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We previously described that supplementary garlic, onion and purple sweet potato (PSP) enhance humoral immune response in White Leghorn chickens. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the effects of garlic (GE), onion (OE) and PSP (PSPE) extracts on proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (INF)-γ gene expression of stimulated lymphocytes. The effects on microbicidal activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) productions of stimulated peritoneal macrophages were studied as well. The results showed that GE augmented Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocytes (4, 8 and 16µg/mL) and thymocytes (2, 4 and 8µg/mL) proliferations, and gene expression of IL-2 (8 and 16µg/mL) and INF-γ (16µg/mL). None of the examined extracts had mitogenic effect nor stimulated bursacytes response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Macrophages exhibited superior microbicidal activity and ROS production with GE at 4 and 8µg/mL and with OE at 25.6µg/mL. None of the extracts showed stimulatory effects on NO production. The extracts showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on all measured parameters at higher concentrations. Taken together, it is likely that garlic has direct stimulatory effects on immune cell functions, whereas the in vitro inhibitory effects of onion and PSP were likely attributed to high flavonoid contents.
Asunto(s)
Allium/química , Pollos/inmunología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flavonoides/análisis , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Ipomoea/química , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Estimulación Química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Allium sativum (garlic, G) and Allium cepa (onion, O) on immune functions in White Leghorn chicken. One-week-old chicks, were fed diets without (control) or with Alliums (GL and OL, 10 g or GH and OH, 30 g/kg diet). Chickens were immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and ratios of CD4(+) , CD8(+) and CD4â» CD8â» lymphocytes were investigated. Histology and weights of the spleen, thymus and bursa (BF), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied as well. Alliums at 10 g/kg diet enhanced anti-NDV, anti-SRBC and anti-BA antibody productions, whereas 30 g/kg diet had less stimulatory effects. Histology of the lymphoid organs and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not influenced. However, splenocyte and thymocyte proliferations were augmented with garlic. Flow cytometry analysis showed reduction in CD4(+) and increase in CD4â» CD8â» lymphocyte ratios in GH and OH groups. Garlic-supplemented chickens had heavier spleen and thymus, and higher WBC counts, whereas BF weight increased with both Alliums at 30 g/kg diet. These results suggest that dietary Alliums have a potential to enhance the immune functions in White Leghorn chickens.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Pollos/inmunología , Ajo , Inmunización , Cebollas , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Brucella abortus/inmunología , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Activación de Linfocitos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle/inmunología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ovinos , Bazo , TimoRESUMEN
This study was intended to determine the modulatory effects of dietary supplementation of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batats Poir., PSP) on the immune response of chickens. PSP was included in a basal starter diet by 1% (PSP(L)) or 3% (PSP(H)) and continually fed. Newcastle disease (NDV) vaccine, Brucella abortus (BA) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used for chicken immunization. Antibody titers against these antigens were used to estimate humoral immunity. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferations of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), ratios of CD4- and CD8-single positive and CD4-CD8-double negative (DN) cells in splenocytes, were both used to indicate cellular immunity. Relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied. PSP(H) increased anti-NDV (P < 0.05), anti-BA (P < 0.01) and anti-SRBC titers (P < 0.05) in response to secondary immunization, whereas PSP(L) increased titers of anti-BA (P < 0.05) and anti-SRBC (P < 0.01). Proliferations of splenocytes and thymocytes were augmented with PSP(L) (P < 0.05). PSP(H)-treated chickens had lower (P < 0.05) ratios of CD4-single positive lymphocytes. Proliferation of PBL, weights of lymphoid organs and WBC counts were not affected. These results suggest that dietary PSP supplementation could enhance the immune response after immunization in chickens.