Dietary patterns; serum concentrations of selenium, copper, and zinc; copper/zinc ratio; and total antioxidant status in patients with glaucoma.

This study aimed to identify the biochemical parameters that determine the occurrence of glaucoma and assess the correlation between oxidative stress and clinical data in patients with glaucoma and healthy controls. We enrolled 169 participants; the glaucoma group comprised 104 patients with primary open-angle, pseudoexfoliation, or angle-closure glaucoma, and the control group comprised 65 healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn); Cu/Zn ratio; and total antioxidant status were measured in both groups. Significantly lower Se and Zn serum levels were observed in men (67.7 ± 17.14 g/L and 0.76 ± 0.11 mg/L, respectively) and women (68.73 ± 16.21 g/L and 0.76 ± 0.13, respectively) with glaucoma. Moreover, significant correlations were identified between serum Se concentration and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and between serum Cu concentration and CDVA (p < 0.005 and p < 0.05, respectively). We also observed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.244, p < 0.05) between pRNFL thickness and BMI and a negative correlation (r = -0.289, p < 0.05) between serum Se concentration and the age of male patients with glaucoma. Additionally, the percentages of participants with below-normal, normal, and above-normal Se, Zn, and total antioxidant capacity serum levels were compared between both groups. Compared with healthy controls, a significantly higher percentage of patients with glaucoma had a below-normal Se serum concentration. A notable negative correlation was observed between Zn and copper serum levels of patients with glaucoma in both sexes. We believe that this study serves as a basis for considering personalized nutritional therapy for the prevention and supportive treatment of patients with glaucoma.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for the past 50 years for conditions such as decompression disease and wound healing. It has promising effects in the treatment of vision-threatening diseases, such as retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and acute optic neuropathy; however, HBOT has not been approved for use in these conditions by regulatory authorities. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical effectiveness and most recent indications for HBOT in ophthalmology. The fundamental aspects of the physiology of choroidal circulation and metabolism are provided together with the clinical aspects that should be accounted for when selecting patients for this therapy. The paper also presents case reports of when HBOT was successfully implemented. The goals of this review were to explore the indications and benefits of HBOT and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBOT as an intervention in treating ophthalmology disorders. Lastly, the paper details the side-effects and discusses the safety issues of HBOT.

Levels of Trace Elements in the Lens, Aqueous Humour, and Plasma of Cataractous Patients-A Narrative Review.

Cataracts are one of the most common causes of effective vision loss. Although most cases of cataracts are related to the ageing process, identifying modifiable risk factors can prevent their onset or progression. Many studies have suggested that micro and macroelement levels, not only in blood serum but also in the lens and aqueous humour, may affect the risk of the occurrence and severity of cataracts. This systematic review aims to summarise existing scientific reports concerning the importance of trace elements in cataractogenesis. Many authors have pointed out elevated or decreased levels of particular elements in distinct ocular compartments. However, it is not known if these alterations directly affect the increased risk of cataract occurrence. Further studies are needed to show whether changes in the levels of these elements are correlated with cataract severity and type. Such information would be useful for determining specific recommendations for micronutrient supplementation in preventing cataractogenesis.

Comparison of auditory sensations in patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification surgery in the first and second eye.

To compare subjective auditory sensations of patients during the first and second eye cataract surgeries. Consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification of the first eye (group I) and second eye (group II) completed questionnaires designed to evaluate their auditory sensations in the operating room including background music, sound of working equipment, staff conversations, and surgeon's voice. This study included 124 patients in group I and 76 patients in group II. Patients most often heard nursing staff's conversations (91.9% and 96%, respectively, p > 0.05), surgeon's voice (87.9% and 86.8%, respectively, p > 0.05), and music (70.9% and 75%, respectively, p > 0.05). Music was the most pleasant experience (78.2% and 78.9%, respectively, p > 0.05). The sound of the working phacoemulsifier was the most undesirable sound (20.2% and 15.8%, respectively, p > 0.05). Patients in group II more often indicated that none of the sounds required elimination (69.7% and 52.6%, respectively, p = 0.013) or that staff conversations should be eliminated (13.2% and 3.1%, respectively, p = 0.005). The most desirable sounds during phacoemulsification include music and the surgeon's voice regarding the procedure. The most unpleasant sound was that that of phacoemulsifier. The commonest sounds to be eliminated in groups I and II included those of equipment and staff conversations.

Recurrent monocular exudative retinal detachment as the first manifestation of squamous cell lung cancer: A case report.

RATIONALE: In this report, we present an extremely rare case of recurrent monocular exudative retinal detachment without concomitant ocular metastases. This turned out to be the first symptom of squamous cell lung cancer. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 63-year-old woman was referred to our ophthalmology clinic by her primary care physician with a complaint of deteriorating vision in her right eye that had started four months prior, without concomitant pain. DIAGNOSES: We observed a detachment in the lower part of the retina during her ophthalmoscopy. We did not find any tears, holes, or degenerative changes in the periphery of the retina of the right eye during the surgery. In addition, plaques, tumor masses, and metastases were absent. Therefore, we diagnosed her with unilateral paraneoplastic exudative retinal detachment. Imaging tests performed before surgery revealed perihilar density with a visible air bronchogram in the middle field of the left lung. This turned out to be squamous cell carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS: Patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and routine laboratory and imaging tests before the procedure that utilized 20-gauge instrumentation. The subretinal fluid and was drained and a tamponade using Densiron (Fluoron Co, Neu-Ulm, Germany) was applied. After ophthalmic treatment, patient underwent complex oncological treatment based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy. OUTCOMES: Despite the application of heavy silicone oil (Densiron) into the vitreous chamber, we observed a recurrence of retinal detachment in the right eye during the follow-up visit, 13 months after the first ophthalmic surgery. Following subsequent pars plana vitrectomy, the Densiron and subretinal membranes were removed. Despite oncological treatment, the patient died, twenty months after the appearance of the first ocular symptoms. LESSONS: Exudative retinal detachment without tumor metastasis to the eyeball can be one of the first signs of lung cancer in rare cases. Multidisciplinary care and imaging methods with greater accuracy will provide comprehensive care to the patients. It will not only facilitate timely detection and treatment of lung tumors but also for a plethora of oncological diseases.