RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fat quality and menopausal symptoms. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study with 393 Iranian postmenopausal women. Dietary intakes and menopausal symptoms were assessed, using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a menopausal rating scale (MRS) questionnaire, respectively. Participants were divided into low and high total MRS and its domain scores. RESULTS: Women in the highest quartiles of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) had higher somatic symptoms compared with women in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR] 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-9.95). Women in the highest quartiles of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.32-1.05), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.37-1.20), and n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.25-0.97) had lower somatic symptoms compared to the lowest quartiles. The OR for psychological symptoms decreased from the lowest to the highest quartiles of n-3 PUFA (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.20-1.11) and n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.86). Higher intakes of EPA (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.99) and docosahexaenoic acid (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.27-0.95) were found to be related with fewer urogenital symptoms. CONCLUSION: Consuming diets low in MUFA intake, but high in n-3 PUFA, and with a more favorable ratio of n-3:n-6 PUFA may be helpful for improving menopausal symptoms.
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Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Menopausia/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades Urogenitales Femeninas/epidemiología , Sofocos/epidemiología , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sudoración , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: SIRT1 and PGC1α are two important genes, which play critical roles in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation processes. The study aimed assess the effects of coadministration of omega-3 and vitamin E supplements on SIRT1 and PGC1α gene expression and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants of this randomized controlled trial included 60 CAD male patients who were categorized into three groups: Group 1 received omega-3 (4 g/day) and vitamin E placebo (OP), group 2 omega-3 (4 g/day) and vitamin E (400 IU/day; OE), and group 3 omega-3 and vitamin E placebos (PP) for 2 months. Gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, serum antioxidant enzyme and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.050, respectively). Catalase and hsCRP levels increased significantly in the OE and OP groups. However, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels did not statistically change in all groups. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly in the OE group (P = 0.009) but not in OP and PP groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with vitamin E may have beneficial effects on CAD patients by increasing gene expression of SIRT1 and PGC1α and improving oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catalasa/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Estenosis Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma/sangre , Sirtuina 1/sangre , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/enzimología , Estenosis Coronaria/sangre , Estenosis Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis Coronaria/enzimología , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/efectos adversos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Irán , Masculino , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma/genética , Sirtuina 1/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Terapéutica , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Vitamina E/efectos adversosRESUMEN
AIM: Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is a key component of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Mounting evidence has demonstrated anti-inflammatory characteristics for vitamin D. Although analogues of vitamin D3 have extensively been used in the treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases, to our knowledge, no such research is conducted in regards with obesity. The aim of this double blind clinical trial study is to investigate whether alphacalcidol treatment in obese subjects can affect the cytokine profile and insulin resistance. Moreover, we evaluated the pathways of vitamin D receptor (VDR), PPARγ and PGC1α gene expressions which may lead to insulin resistance following treatment with either alphacalcidol or placebo. METHODS: A total of 94 obese participants (BMI≥30) were recruited for the current double blind clinical trial study. Patients were divided into two intervention (N.=40) and control groups (N.=54) based on the stratified randomized method. One-Alpha® Capsules 1 microgram: alfacalcidol (1-α hydroxyvitamin D3) and placebo were given to subjects once a day for 8 weeks. Analysis of body composition was performed with use of Body Composition Analyzer. The circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, PTH, and 25-Hydroxy Vi-tamin D were measured with the use of EIA method. The PBMCs were separated from whole blood by Ficoll-hypaque technique. Total cellular RNA was extracted and the cDNA was synthesized. The real-time PCR using specific primer pairs for VDR, PGC1α, PPARγ, and ß-actin was performed. RESULTS: The FPG, fat percent and PTH levels were decreased and the levels of HDL-cholesterol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were significantly increased after treatment with Alfacalcidol. Regarding to cytokines levels, the levels of IL6 were significantly decreased and IL10 were significantly increased in Alfacalcidol group in comparison with the control group. The relative expressions of VDR, PGC1α, and PPARγ genes significantly increased in Alfacalcidol group. We found also significant positive correlation between circulating 25-OH vitamin D and relative PGC1α gene expression in participants with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: It seems that Alfacalcidol treatment may be effective in amelioration of the inflammatory state in obesity. This supplement might also improve resistance to insulin through enhancement of relative VDR and its downstream genes expression, which are demonstrated to be involved in glucose homeostasis pathways.