Macronutrient Composition of Colostrum in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Infants fed breast milk are known to have lower rates of childhood obesity. However, there is evidence suggesting an increased risk of obesity in infants who receive milk from a diabetic mother. The aim of this study was to investigate the calorie and macronutrient content of colostrum in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This prospective, controlled study included mothers who had diagnosis of GDM and a control group of mothers without GDM who delivered at term. Colostrum samples were analyzed for macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and calorie content using a human milk analyzer (Miris, Uppsala, Sweden). Results: A total of 92 colostrum samples were analyzed, 31 in the GDM group and 61 in the non-GDM group. The carbohydrate content of colostrum in the GDM group was higher compared with the non-GDM group (p = 0.004). The calorie, fat, and protein contents of colostrum were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that having GDM was significantly related to carbohydrate content. Conclusion: The colostrum of GDM mothers had higher carbohydrate content. This might be one of the factors explaining the relationship between diabetic breast milk and infantile obesity.

Evaluation of the Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) in infants of diabetic mothers. STUDY DESIGN: Women who had diabetes throughout their pregnancy and gave birth at 37 weeks of gestation or later were included in the study along with their babies. Early cord clamping was performed as soon as possible after birth, while DCC was performed by clamping 60 second after birth. The two groups were compared in terms of venous hematocrit (htc) levels and rates of hypoglycemia, jaundice requiring phototherapy, and respiratory distress. RESULTS: Venous htc levels at postnatal 6 and 24 hours were significantly higher in the DCC group (p = 0.0001). Polycythemia rates were higher in the DCC group at both 6 and 24 hours, but partial exchange transfusion (PET) was not needed in either group. There were no differences between the groups with regard to the rates of hypoglycemia or jaundice requiring phototherapy. Rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was lower in the DCC group. CONCLUSION: Although DCC increased the rate of polycythemia, it did not result in PET requirement. Moreover, DCC reduced the severity of respiratory distress and the rate of admission to NICU due to respiratory distress.