RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the association between daily consumption of coffee or green tea, with and without habitual bread consumption for breakfast, and components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese populations. METHODS: The study population consisted of 3539 participants (1239 males and 2300 females). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of daily coffee and green tea consumption with the prevalence of obesity, visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: Coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower proportions of visceral obesity (OR: 0.746, CI: 0.588-0.947) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.706, CI: 0.565-0.882). On the other hand, green tea was not associated with visceral obesity (OR: 1.105, CI: 0.885-1.380) or metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.980, CI: 0.796-1.206). The combination of daily drinking coffee and eating bread at breakfast time was associated with significantly lower proportions of obesity (OR: 0.613, CI: 0.500-0.751) (p = 0.911 for interaction), visceral obesity (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.425-0.710) (p = 0.991 for interaction), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.586, CI: 0.464-0.741) (p = 0.792 for interaction). CONCLUSION: Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower visceral adipose tissue and lower proportions of visceral obesity, but the same was not true for green tea consumption. Furthermore, in combination with coffee consumption, the addition of eating bread at breakfast time significantly lowered proportions of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, although there was no interaction between coffee and bread.
Asunto(s)
Pan , Desayuno , Café , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/prevención & control , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición/fisiología , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Obesidad Abdominal/prevención & control , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , TéRESUMEN
Usual sleep duration has substantial heritability and is associated with various physical and psychiatric conditions as well as mortality. However, for its genetic locus, only PAX8 and VRK2 have been replicated in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of self-reported usual sleep duration using three population-based cohorts totaling 31 230 Japanese individuals. A genome-wide significant locus was identified at 12q24 (p-value < 5.0 × 10-8). Subsequently, a functional variant in the ALDH2 locus, rs671, was replicated in an independent sample of 5140 Japanese individuals (p-value = 0.004). The association signal, however, disappeared after adjusting for alcohol consumption, indicating the possibility that the rs671 genotype modifies sleep duration via alcohol consumption. This hypothesis explained a modest genetic correlation observed between sleep duration and alcohol consumption (rG = 0.23). A Mendelian randomization analysis using rs671 and other variants as instrumental variables confirmed this by showing a causal effect of alcohol consumption, but not of coffee consumption on sleep duration. Another genome-wide significant locus was identified at 5q33 after adjusting for drinking frequency. However, this locus was not replicated, nor was the PAX8 and VRK2. Our study has confirmed that a functional ALDH2 variant, rs671, most strongly influences on usual sleep duration possibly via alcohol consumption in the Japanese population, and presumably in East Asian populations. This highlights the importance of considering the involvement of alcohol consumption in future GWAS of usual sleep duration, even in non-East Asian populations, where rs671 is monomorphic.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/genética , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa Mitocondrial/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Sueño/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Café/efectos adversos , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factor de Transcripción PAX8/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , AutoinformeRESUMEN
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and its role in human health has received much attention. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have investigated genetic variants associated with coffee consumption in European populations, no such study has yet been conducted in an Asian population. Here, we conducted a GWAS to identify common genetic variations that affected coffee consumption in a Japanese population of 11,261 participants recruited as a part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study. Coffee consumption was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and converted from categories to cups/day. In the discovery stage (n = 6,312), we found 2 independent loci (12q24.12-13 and 5q33.3) that met suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-6). In the replication stage (n = 4,949), the lead variant for the 12q24.12-13 locus (rs2074356) was significantly associated with habitual coffee consumption (P = 2.2 × 10-6), whereas the lead variant for the 5q33.3 locus (rs1957553) was not (P = 0.53). A meta-analysis of the discovery and replication populations, and the combined analysis using all subjects, revealed that rs2074356 achieved genome-wide significance (P = 2.2 × 10-16 for a meta-analysis). These findings indicate that the 12q24.12-13 locus is associated with coffee consumption among a Japanese population.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 12/genética , Café/efectos adversos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Although higher circulating levels of oestrogen are related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk, limited information is available regarding effects of diet on endogenous oestrogen. Thus, we examined associations between macronutrient intakes and serum oestrogen with consideration of polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising genes. In this cross-sectional study, 784 naturally menopaused Japanese women aged 47-69 years were selected from participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We documented dietary intakes, measured serum concentrations of oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) and genotyped polymorphisms in oestrogen-metabolising CYP19A1 (rs4441215 and rs936306) and HSD17B1 (rs605059) genes. Trends and interactions were examined using linear regression models. In addition, we calculated the ratios of the oestrogen concentrations of the second to the highest quartiles (Q2-Q4) of dietary intake to those of the lowest quartiles (Q1). After adjustment for potential confounders, E2 was significantly associated with intake of carbohydrate and noodles; ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·28) and 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·26), respectively. In contrast, E2 levels were inversely associated with intake of total energy, SFA and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA); ratios of Q4 v. Q1 were 0·90 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·98) and 0·91 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·00), respectively. In stratified analysis by polymorphisms, the rs605059 genotype of HSD17B1 significantly modified associations of E2 with intake of n-3 HUFA and fish; the associations were limited to those with the CC genotype. Macronutrient intakes were associated with serum E2 level, and these associations may be modified by HSD17B1 polymorphism in postmenopausal women.
Asunto(s)
Aromatasa/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Dieta , Estradiol Deshidrogenasas/genética , Estrógenos/sangre , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Posmenopausia/sangre , Anciano , Animales , Estudios Transversales , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Estradiol/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Femenino , Peces , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Japón , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Lineales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alimentos Marinos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density (BMD) is lower than normal. Exercise increases BMD in both the young and adults. This study aimed to compare the radial apparent BMD (aBMD) in Japanese females who are Kendo practitioners (KPs) and those with no regular exercise habits (no-REH). The analysis participants consisted of 45 KPs (mean age: 49.4 years old) and 110 no-REH (mean age: 48.8 years old). Radial aBMD was measured using an ultrasonic bone densitometry system. Radial aBMD in KPs was 196.1 ± 33.9 mg/cm3, and was 182.9 ± 45.3 mg/cm3 in no-REH participants. KPs had significantly higher BMD than no-REH participants. In KPs, left radial aBMD was 196.1 ± 33.9 mg/cm3, and right radial aBMD was 184.5 ± 37.7 mg/cm3. The left radius was also significantly higher than the right radius with respect to aBMD in KPs. After adjusting for age, body mass index, menstrual status, parous women and frequency of milk and dairy intake, the odds ratio (OR) of osteopenia associated with no-REH was 6.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72-25.1) and the prevalence ratio (PR) of osteopenia associated with no-REH was 4.12 (95% CI: 1.23-13.7). Therefore, the Kendo practice may have a protective efficacy for osteopenia in women.
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Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Artes Marciales/fisiología , Radio (Anatomía)/fisiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Antropometría , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radio (Anatomía)/anatomía & histología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is important to evaluate tongue function in terms of its clinical implications for swallowing ability. Motor dysfunction and loss of coordination of the tongue are frequently seen, and this influences the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a single acupuncture treatment for tongue pressure in Parkinson's disease. METHODS: A total of 13 patients, aged 57- 84â years, were recruited. Tongue pressure was measured using a tongue pressure manometer. Furthermore, swallowing reflex latency was measured in 3 of the 13 patients. RESULTS: Significant changes were seen after acupuncture in mean tongue pressure, which increased from 23.1 to 26.7â kPa (p<0.01). Reductions were seen after acupuncture in mean swallowing reflex latency (from 5.2 to 4.6 s for first saliva swallow; from 19.9 to 15.7 s for second saliva swallow; and from 10.4 to 5.7 s for third saliva swallow(s)). CONCLUSIONS: Our study's findings suggest that acupuncture may be useful for improving oral cavity function, but further controlled trials are needed.