[Aspiration test as dental anesthesia safety criterion]. / Aspiratsionnyi test kak kriterii bezopasnosti obezbolivaniya v stomatologii.

Intravascular anesthetic injection can lead to acute toxic reaction even the minimal dose of the drug was administered. The aspiration test is a generally accepted standard for local anesthesia in medicine, specially designed to reduce the risk of emergency conditions. Medical instruments should be adapted for aspiration test, the local anesthetic carpule should have a retention notch, and the dental syringe plunger need to have retention elements. The aspiration test protocol may vary. For legal protection of the doctor the aspiration test result should be described in the patient's medical record.

[Lower teeth anesthesia in patients with limited mouth opening]. / Obezbolivanie nizhnikh zubov u patsientov s ogranicheniem otkryvaniya rta.

Limited mouth opening is a common pathology in dental practice. Dental treatment of these group patients is hindered by low access to oral cavity, which complicates operative, prosthetic and surgical interventions. Local anesthesia is also difficult due to changes in anatomical landmarks, changes in bone structures and soft tissues ratio. M.M. Weisbrem and Gow-Gates technique in case with limited mouth opening 1-2 cm is ineffective. Mandibular convention block is more universal, as it is oriented to bone structures without binding to soft tissues. Variation of local anesthesia techniques at a various mouth opening degrees are offered.

[Technical features of intraligamental intraseptal anesthesia].

Based on personal clinical experience the authors provide clinical guidelines for periodontal anesthesia. The by-step protocol for intraligamentary and intraseptal anesthesia is presented. The basic mistakes in technique and possible complications are described. Recommendations for a local anesthetic choice and dosage for different groups of teeth are given.

[Indications, feasibility and clinical experience with Vazirani-Akinozi mandibular block in limiting mouth opening and difficult anatomical conditions].

Vazirani-Akinozi technique was used in 82 patient undergoing oral surgery procedures. According to study results Vazirani-Akinozi technique was feasible in 89% of cases and particularly effective in surgical treatment of third lower molars eruption diseases complicated by inflammatory contracture. The method increases mouth opening 1.6-2.3 cm due to the soft-tissue anesthesia and partial anesthesia of masseter nerve. In case of inflammatory contracture of the jaws when inflammatory infiltration is spreading on the masseter muscle the authors recommend to use a combination of Vazirani-Akinozi and Berchet-Dubov techniques.

[Practical advices in choosing local anesthesia tools in dentistry. Management of carpule's quality in local anesthesia in dentistry].

The equipment for local anesthesia is described in this article. Practical recommendations for the selection of the injection needle length, size, bevel type is given. Using dental needle for local anesthesia should be guided by the "one injection - one needle" rule, as a needle tends to deform by even the slightest contact with jawbone. Some of the shortcomings of carpule quality may be detected before use: signs of cup corrosion, the presence of sediment, air bubbles, rubber plunger disposition. In the case of such defects being identified all the package should not be used. The use of such carpule in clinical practice is unsafe.

[Retromolar mandibular anesthesia. Radiological and topographical study of an additional method of lower teeth anesthesia].

The aim of the study was to estimate the clinical efficacy of mandibular third molars anesthesia with various combinations of local anesthesia methods. Anatomical, radiological and morphological methods were used in the study. The topographic features of retromolar triangle were thoroughly examined. The neurovascular bundle revealed its relationship with retromolar area structures. According to the results of the clinical study the most effective combinations of mandibular third molars analgesia were selected.