Plant oils: From chemical composition to encapsulated form use.

The last decade has witnessed a burgeoning global movement towards essential and vegetable oils in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries thanks to their natural and safe status, broad acceptance by consumers, and versatile functional properties. However, efforts to develop new therapy or functional agents based on plant oils have met with challenges of limited stability and/or reduced efficacy. As a result, there has been increased research interest in the encapsulation of plant oils, whereby the nanocarriers serve as barrier between plant oils and the environment and control oil release leading to improved efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhanced patient compliance and convenience. In this review, special concern has been addressed to the encapsulation of essential and vegetable oils in three types of nanocarriers: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. First, the chemical composition of essential and vegetable oils was handled. Moreover, we gather together the research findings reported by the literature regarding the different techniques used to generate these nanocarriers with their significant findings. Finally, differences and similarities between these nanocarriers are discussed, along with current and future applications that are warranted by their structures and properties.

Nanocapsules containing Saussurea lappa essential oil: Formulation, characterization, antidiabetic, anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory potentials.

Plant-based remedies have been widely used for the management of variable diseases due to their safety and less side effects. In the present study, we investigated Saussurea lappa CB. Clarke. (SL) given its largely reported medicinal effects. Specifically, our objective was to provide an insight into a new polymethyl methacrylate based nanocapsules as carriers of SL essential oil and characterize their biologic functions. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique, characterized and analyzed for their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer and antidiabetic effects. The results revealed that the developed nanoparticles had a diameter around 145 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.18 and a zeta potential equal to +45 mV and they did not show any cytotoxicity at 25 µg·mL-1. The results also showed an anti-inflammatory activity (reduction in metalloprotease MMP-9 enzyme activity and RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF and IL1ß), a high anti-Alzheimer's effect (IC50 around 25.0 and 14.9 µg·mL-1 against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively), and a strong antidiabetic effect (IC50 were equal to 22.9 and 75.8 µg·mL-1 against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively). Further studies are required including the in vivo studies (e.g., preclinical), the pharmacokinetic properties, the bioavailability and the underlying associated metabolic pathways.

Poly(ethyl acrylate-co-methyl Methacrylate-co-trimethylammoniethyl methacrylate chloride) (Eudragit RS100) Nanocapsules as Nanovector Carriers for Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds Oil: a Versatile Antidiabetic Agent.

Food waste valorization practices have gained considerable attention focusing on the conversion of the waste into valuable products. In this context, the present study provides an insight into a new Eudragit RS100 based nanosystem as a carrier of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds oil known for its an antidiabetic activity. A priori systematic study was carried out in order to understand the individual impact of all contributing factors considered by the nanoprecipitation method. Then, date seeds oil nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and analyzed for their in vitro inhibition activity against: α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The results showed that the developed nanoparticles had an average diameter around 207 nm, a ζ-potential of +59 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency equal to 97 ± 1% with a loading capacity of 0.48 mg·mg-1. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase IC50 were found to be 87.6 and 155.3 µg·mL-1, respectively. Therefore, this study may surely open new perspectives for the development of novel health-promoting plant oils loaded-nanocarriers for several purposes.