RESUMEN
Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) has been shown to have a significant predictive value for cardiovascular disease. In some cases, it has a superior predictive value for future cardiovascular outcomes than daytime BP. As efficacy of BP medications wanes during nighttime and early morning, control of nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension can be difficult. As such, chronotherapy, the dosing of BP medication in the evening, has been an ongoing topic of interest in the field of hypertension. Some studies have shown that chronotherapy is effective in reducing nocturnal BP, improving non dipping and rising patterns to dipping patterns, and improving cardiovascular prognosis. However, criticism and concerns have been raised regarding the design of these studies, such as the Hygia study, and the implausible clinical benefits in cardiovascular outcomes considering the degree of BP lowering from bedtime dosing. Studies have shown that there is no consistent evidence to suggest that routine administration of antihypertensive medications at bedtime can improve nocturnal BP and early morning BP control. However, in some cases of uncontrolled nocturnal hypertension and morning hypertension, such as in those with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and obstructive sleep apnea, bedtime dosing has shown efficacy in reducing evening and early morning BP. The recently published the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) study failed to demonstrate benefit of bedtime dosing in reducing cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension. With issues of the Hygia study and negative results from the TIME study, it is unclear at this time whether routine bedtime dosing is beneficial for reducing cardiovascular outcomes.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays essential roles in osteoclast differentiation and may serve as an attractive target for the development of therapeutics for osteoporosis. PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify plant extracts that attenuated RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway and examine their anti-osteoporotic effects in animal model systems. METHODS: Osteoclast differentiation was determined by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. The effect of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit extract (LFE) on bone mineral density was evaluated by calcein staining in zebrafish and micro-CT analysis in ovariectomized (OVX) rat. RESULTS: LFE nullified RANKL-induced down-regulation of inhibitor of NF-κB, which keeps NF-κB sequestered in the cytosol, thereby inhibiting translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LFE decreased the nuclear levels of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1, which play crucial roles in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, in RAW264.7 cells. LFE repressed RANKL-activated cathepsin K and TRAP expression in RAW264.7 cells, resulting in a reduction of the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, LFE increased bone mineralization in zebrafish and prevented bone loss in OVX rat. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings suggest that LFE exerts its anti-osteoporotic activity through inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and may have potential as a herbal therapeutic or preventive agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Asunto(s)
Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Animales , Resorción Ósea/tratamiento farmacológico , Catepsina K/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/fisiología , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Pez Cebra/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The heart continuously transmits information to the cerebrum during each pulse, and influences information processing such as perception, cognition, and emotion, which are processed in the cerebrum. This is the basis for the theory of oriental medicine widely used in psychiatric medicine and clinical practice, so-called Simjushinji (heart and brain) theory, that the heart controls the mind. The present study aims to analyze the correlation between heart and brain function by 24-hour active electrocardiogram and quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement under meditation. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, 2-armed, parallel, multicenter clinical trial will analyze a total of 50 subjects, including 25 each for the test group and the active control group. Subjects will be randomly allocated to the test group (performing resource mindfulness) and the control group (performing stress mindfulness) in a 1:1 ratio. The clinical trial consists of 3 stages. The first and third stages are stable states. The second stage is divided into the test and active comparator groups. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) measurements at stages 1 and 3 will be recorded for 10âminutes; measurements at stage 2 will be recorded for 20âminutes with the eyes closed. The 24-hour Holter Monitoring and heart rate variability will be evaluated at each stage. Before the beginning of stage 3, subjects will complete the questionnaires. The primary outcome will be analyzed by independent t tests of both groups. DISCUSSION: Scientific studies based on clinical epistemology are expected to serve as a basis for sustainable medical services in the field of psychiatric medicine in Korea. HRV, blood pressure index, and biometric index in qEEG, as determined by 24-hour Holter monitoring, will complement quantitative biomarkers and be useful in various fields.
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Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Emociones/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Meditación/métodos , Estrés Psicológico/rehabilitación , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ENA-actimineral resource A (ENA-A) is an alkaline mineral water and has a few biological activities such as antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ENA-A on lifespan in mice using senescence marker protein-30 knockout mice. The present study had groups of 18-week-old mice (n = 24), 26-week-old mice (n = 12), and 46-week-old mice (n = 20). Each differently aged mice group was divided into three subgroups: a control group, a 5 % ENA-A-treated group, and a 10 % ENA-A-treated group. Mice in the 18-week-old group were treated with vitamin C drinking water 1.5 g/L. However, the mice in the 26-week-old and 46-week-old groups were not treated with vitamin C. The experiments were done for 18 weeks. All vitamin C-treated mice were alive at week 18 (100% survival rate). In the non-vitamin C group, the 10% ENA-A-treated mice were alive at week 18. The control and 5% ENA-A-treated mice died by week 15. As expected, vitamin C was not detected in the non-vitamin C-treated group. However, vitamin C levels were increased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner in the vitamin C-treated group. In the TUNEL assay, a number of positive hepatocytes significantly decreased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner. Periodic acid Schiff positive hepatocytes were significantly increased in an ENA-A dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression level of CuZnSOD was increased by the ENA-A treatment. These data suggest that the intake of ENA-A has a critical role in the anti-aging mechanism and could be applied toward the lifespans of humans.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/deficiencia , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/deficiencia , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Minerales/farmacología , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/enzimología , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/patología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/patología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatocitos/patología , Immunoblotting , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Ratones Noqueados , Coloración y Etiquetado , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) there may be functional abnormalities or structural lesions that can manifest as a central auditory processing disorder, which is defined as a disorder in the recognition, discrimination, ordering, grouping, and localization of sounds, with emphasis on the processing of nonspeech sounds. We performed frequency pattern, duration pattern, and dichotic tests in 28 patients with TLE with normal hearing on pure tone audiometry. The scores on the frequency pattern, duration pattern, and dichotic tests were abnormal in 78.6, 57.1, and 20.6% of patients, respectively, with no significant differences with the laterality of TLE. Patients with hippocampal sclerosis performed significantly worse than patients with normal MRI findings in frequency tests. Longer duration of epilepsy is negatively correlated with both the duration pattern and dichotic tests (P<0.05). Our results suggest that patients with TLE may be at risk for impairment of central auditory processing, which is increased in patients with hippocampal sclerosis or a longer duration of epilepsy.
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Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Percepción Auditiva/etiología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/complicaciones , Estimulación Acústica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Umbral Auditivo/fisiología , Pruebas de Audición Dicótica/métodos , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicolingüística , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Activity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of the leaves of Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipede grass) using a pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay led to the isolation and identification of a new C-glycosidic flavone, luteolin 6-C-ß-D-boivinopyranoside (1), as well as eight known compounds. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of interpretation of their spectroscopic data. Among these isolates, the C-glycosidic flavones 1-5 showed potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, with IC50 values ranging from 18.5 ± 2.6 to 50.5 ± 3.9 µM.
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Flavonoides/farmacología , Lipasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Páncreas/enzimología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Poaceae/química , Animales , Flavonoides/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , PorcinosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Statin therapy prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with reduced mortality and periprocedural myocardial injury after PCI. We studied whether single high dose statin loading is beneficial on the outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) underwent PCI. METHODS: Consecutive 445 patients with ACS who underwent PCI were randomly assigned to either the group of no statin treatment before PCI (Control group: n=220, 63+/-11 years, male 62%) or the group of 40 mg rosuvastatin loading before PCI (Rosuvastatin group: n=225, 64+/-10 years, male 60%). Incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury was assessed by analysis of creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T before PCI, at 6 h and the next morning after PCI. RESULT: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. After PCI, incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury was higher in control than in rosuvastatin group (11.4% versus 5.8%, p=0.035). Mean preprocedural CK-MB and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were similar between the two groups, whereas after PCI, peak values of both markers were elevated significantly higher in control than in rosuvastatin group. Multivariate analysis revealed that no prior use of statin (OR=2.2; 95% CI=1.1-4.6; p=0.029), procedural complication (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.4-6.9; p=0.007) and multi-vessel disease (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.0-6.6; p=0.039) were the independent predictors for periprocedural myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Single high dose of rosuvastatin prior to PCI reduces periprocedural myocardial injury in patients with ACS.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo/terapia , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Fluorobencenos/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores/sangre , Terapia Combinada , Forma MB de la Creatina-Quinasa/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Troponina T/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to identify factors determining the purchase of private health insurance under the mandatory National Health Insurance(NHI) system in Korea. METHODS: The data were collected by the National Cancer Center in Korea. It includes cancer patients who were newly diagnosed with stomach (ICD code, C16), lung(C33-C34), liver (C22), colorectal cancer(C18-C20) or breast(C50) cancer. Data were gathered from the hospital Order Communication System (OCS), medical records, and face-to-face interviews, using a structured questionnaire. Clinical, socio-demographic and private health insurance related factors were also gathered. RESULTS: Overall, 43.9% of patients had purchased one or more private health insurance schemes related to cancer, with an average monthly premium of won 65,311 and an average benefit amount of won 19 million. Females, younger aged, high income earners, national health insurers and metropolitan citizens were more likely to purchase private health insurance than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: About half of Korean people have supplementary private health insurance and their benefits are sufficient to cover the out-of-pocket fees required for cancer treatment, but inequality remains in the purchase of private health insurance. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of private health insurance on NHI, and the relationship between cancer patients' burden and benefits.
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Toma de Decisiones , Seguro de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias , Sector Privado , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PROBLEM: Traditionally, adolescent mental health in Korea has not been a prime focus for educators, health workers, and politicians, yet a majority of sampled adolescents report interpersonal sensitivity (Kim, 2003). METHOD: Thirty-five adolescent girls took part in a six-session school-based music group psychotherapy pilot intervention designed to promote relationships and improve self-control skills. FINDING: Participants identified several outcome benefits that may serve as protective factors in their continued social and emotional development. CONCLUSIONS: Music is a medium that promotes interpersonal relatedness among Korean adolescent girls. More research is necessary to identify long-term benefits of preventive music group psychotherapy interventions among the adolescent population.
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Trastornos de Adaptación/prevención & control , Musicoterapia/organización & administración , Prevención Primaria/organización & administración , Psicoterapia de Grupo/organización & administración , Trastornos de Adaptación/psicología , Adolescente , Conducta del Adolescente , Psiquiatría del Adolescente/organización & administración , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Proyectos Piloto , Solución de Problemas , Desarrollo de Programa , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Enfermería Psiquiátrica/organización & administración , Psicología del Adolescente , Servicios de Enfermería Escolar/organización & administración , Autocuidado/métodos , Autocuidado/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the adequate loading and maintenance doses of N-acetylcyseteine (NAC) for patients suffering from acute ROS-induced injury. METHODS: Concentrations of extra cellular NAC, cysteine (Cys), cystine (Cyst2), and methionine (Met) were measured in vitro, at which more than 50% of the intracellular ROS raised by paraquat were suppressed using Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study followed on a healthy subject to determine the proper loading and maintenance doses of reduced NAC following intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg NAC. RESULTS: In vivo, NAC suppressed ROS in a dose dependant manner. 10 mM of NAC suppressed about 50% of ROS, and was comparable to 10 microM of Cys and Met and 400 microM of Cys2. In vitro, the elimination of half life was achieved at 2.88+/-1.14 h for NAC and at 3.68+/-1.84 h for total NAC. The body clearances were 1.23+/-0.77 L h(-1) kg(-1) and 0.56+/-0.27 L h(-1) kg(-1) and the volumes of distribution were 3.07+/-0.10 L kg(-1) and 3.00+/-0.11 L kg(-1), respectively. The loading and maintenance NAC doses used to reach the target concentration of 10 mM, were 5010 mg. kg(-1) and 2250 mg min(-1) kg(-1), respectively CONCLUSION: NAC provides an antioxidant effect on ROS produced by paraquat in vivo. However, in vitro, our results showed that the intravenous NAC dose could not be estimated from NAC plasma concentration or its metabolites.
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Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Aminoácidos/sangre , Azufre/sangre , Acetilcisteína/farmacocinética , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Aminoácidos/química , Glutatión/sangre , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Especies Reactivas de OxígenoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The herbal formulation, Allergina, has long been used for various diseases. It is known to have an anti-microbial and anti-virus activity. However, it is still unclear how Allergina has these effects in experimental models. We investigated the effect of Allergina on the proliferation of T cell and production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and mouse peritoneal macrophages. METHODS: The MOLT-4 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of Allergina. Allergina significantly increased the cell viability by 26.9+/-5.4% (P<0.05) and interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production compared with media control (about 4-fold for IL-2, 2.5-fold for IL-4 and 3.4-fold for IFN-gamma, P<0.05). Maximal effective concentration of Allergina was 1 mg/ml for IL-2 and, 0.01 mg/ml for IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Allergina alone or Allergina plus recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but Allergina decreased the production of TNF-alpha on rIFN-gamma plus LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition, Allergina increased the production of IL-12 on mouse peritoneal macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION: Allergina may have an immune-enhancement effect through the cytokine production.