RESUMEN
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) crops suffer severe losses to late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Solanum americanum, a relative of potato and tomato, is globally distributed and most accessions are highly blight resistant. We generated high-quality reference genomes of four S. americanum accessions, resequenced 52 accessions, and defined a pan-NLRome of S. americanum immune receptor genes. We further screened for variation in recognition of 315P. infestans RXLR effectors in 52 S. americanum accessions. Using these genomic and phenotypic data, we cloned three NLR-encoding genes, Rpi-amr4, R02860 and R04373, that recognize cognate P. infestans RXLR effectors PITG_22825 (AVRamr4), PITG_02860 and PITG_04373. These genomic resources and methodologies will support efforts to engineer potatoes with durable late blight resistance and can be applied to diseases of other crops.
Asunto(s)
Phytophthora infestans , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum tuberosum , Solanum , Solanum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Phytophthora infestans/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Genómica , Productos AgrícolasRESUMEN
Chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis complain of moderate pain from repeated punctures of the arteriovenous fistula. This study examined the optimal application time of thermotherapy for reducing pain, anxiety, and side effects during arteriovenous fistula puncture. This study was conducted as a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The participants were arteriovenous fistula puncture patients with chronic renal failure who were divided into two thermotherapy groups and one control group. This study was approved by the institutional review board and registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0003768). Differences between groups regarding pain, anxiety, and side effects were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, the χ2 test, and the Scheffé test. A significant difference was observed between the 10-min and 20-min thermotherapy groups and the control group in terms of the pain they experienced. Additionally, more side effects were encountered in the 20-min thermotherapy group than in the 10-min group. The 10-min application of thermotherapy for an arteriovenous fistula puncture showed the same pain-reducing effect as the conventional 20-min application. The study confirmed a 10-min application of thermotherapy to be an effective nursing intervention for pain relief without side effects.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/prevención & control , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/prevención & control , Punciones/efectos adversos , Fístula Arteriovenosa , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/diagnóstico , Dolor Asociado a Procedimientos Médicos/etiología , Diálisis Renal , Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Phytophthora infestans is a devastating pathogen causing potato late blight (Solanum tuberosum). Here we report the sequencing, assembly and genome annotation for two Phytophthora infestans isolates sampled in Republic of Korea. Genome sequencing was carried out using long read (Oxford Nanopore) and short read (Illumina Nextseq) sequencing technologies that significantly improved the contiguity and quality of P. infestans genome assembly. Our resources would help researchers better understand the molecular mechanisms by which P. infestans causes late blight disease in the future.