Asunto(s)
Anemia Aplásica/complicaciones , Transfusión Sanguínea , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicaciones , Quelantes del Hierro/uso terapéutico , Sobrecarga de Hierro/tratamiento farmacológico , Sobrecarga de Hierro/etiología , Anemia Aplásica/sangre , Anemia Aplásica/diagnóstico , Anemia Aplásica/terapia , Terapia por Quelación , Femenino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/sangre , Neoplasias Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Quelantes del Hierro/administración & dosificación , Sobrecarga de Hierro/diagnóstico , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Iron chelation is controversial in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS), outside the allogeneic transplant setting. We conducted a retrospective, multicentre study in 51 patients with transfusion-dependent, intermediate-to-very high risk MDS, according to the revised international prognostic scoring system, treated with the oral iron chelating agent deferasirox (DFX). Thirty-six patients (71%) received azacitidine concomitantly. DFX was given at a median dose of 1000 mg/day (range 375-2500 mg) for a median of 11 months (range 0·4-75). Eight patients (16%) showed grade 2-3 toxicities (renal or gastrointestinal), 4 of whom (8%) required drug interruption. Median ferritin levels decreased from 1709 µg/l at baseline to 1100 µg/l after 12 months of treatment (P = 0·02). Seventeen patients showed abnormal transaminase levels at baseline, which improved or normalized under DFX treatment in eight cases. One patient showed a remarkable haematological improvement. At a median follow up of 35·3 months, median overall survival was 37·5 months. The results of this first survey of DFX in HR-MDS are comparable, in terms of safety and efficacy, with those observed in lower-risk MDS. Though larger, prospective studies are required to demonstrate real clinical benefits, our data suggest that DFX is feasible and might be considered in a selected cohort of HR-MDS patients.