Multislice Spiral CT Image Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Function.

Respiratory muscle function has a significant effect on stroke. Stroke is one of the most common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the clinic and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Hemiplegia, cerebral hemorrhage, and even death can occur, mainly in the elderly. In this paper, we meta-analyzed the effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle function. In this article, we used a topic search method to search for relevant literature on respiratory muscle training and obtained 58 and 32 literature studies from CNKI and Wanfang Data, respectively. As a result of the screening, 36 and 28 documents were obtained. In this paper, 64 selected articles were studied. The authors make statistics on the literature of designing serum content index and multislice spiral CT (Member of the Society of Cardiological Technicians) image of patients, so as to analyze the influence of CT image and inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle function. The study showed that FVC, FEV1, MIP, and diaphragm mobility of the experimental group were significantly improved after treatment in more than 85% of the studies (P < 0.05), while those of the control group were not significantly improved (P > 0.05). The comparison between the two groups after treatment showed that FVC, FEV1, MIP, and diaphragm mobility of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The application of multislice spiral CT image analysis technology can effectively evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory dysfunction in stroke patients, the mechanism of which regulates the expression of related pathways, suppresses the inflammatory response, and can reduce oxidative stress damage. Therefore, respiratory muscle training can improve the function of respiratory muscle and reduce the death rate of cerebellar hemorrhage in patients with stroke and other vascular diseases.

[Effect of rhubarb as the main composition of sequential treatment in patients with acute paraquat poisoning: a prospective clinical research].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of rhubarb as the main composition in the therapy for patients with acute paraquat poisoning (AP). METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 128 patients with APP admitted to Harrison International Peace Hospital from March 2011 to December 2013 were randomly divided into western medicine control group (n = 64) and western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combination group (n = 64). All the patients were treated with repeated gastric lavage and oral kaolin. The patients in western medicine control group were given 20% mannitol and (or) magnesium sulfate for catharsis, early ( within 8 hours of admission ) hemoperfusion HP), and also given the routine combined therapy. In TCM combination group, in addition to the above treatment patients were given oral paraquat poisoning detoxification prescription No.1 every 2 hours for catharsis, which was composed of rhubarb 10 g, glauber salt 12 g, agrimony 12 g, and licorice 6 g. When green stool disappeared, detoxification therapy was changed to No. 2 compound once a day for 14 days, which was consisted of rhubarb 10 g, ginseng 6 g, agrimony 15 g, rhizoma chuanxiong 10 g, licorice 6 g. The poison volume, first dose of oral drug, time for the first HP, time of the first defecation, the time of last green stool, decontamination time, white blood cell count ( WBC ), C-reactive protein ( CRP ), arterial blood gas analysis, blood lactic acid ( Lac ), liver and kidney functions, myocardial enzyme spectrum, chest CT, adverse reaction, days of hospitalization, and mortality rate were observed in both groups. The levels of paraquat in plasma and urine were determined before treatment and 12 hours after poisoning in both groups. Sixty days after discharge, chest CT was taken for observation of pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the poison volume, ingestion time and the time for the first HP between the two groups. Compared with western medicine control group, the first defecation time (hours: 3.94 ± 1.14 vs. 6.17 ± 1.52), the last time of green stool (hours: 36.90 ± 4.10 vs. 51.6 3 ± 4.91), and poison clean-up time from plasma (hours: 19.48 ± 3.63 vs. 23.84 ± 3.29) in combination with TCM group were significantly earlier (all P < 0.01). WBC, CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were gradually increased after admission in combination with TCM group, and they peaked on 5th day [WBC ( × 109/L) : 15.35 ± 2.17 vs. 17.47 ± 2.09, CRP (mg/L): 32.62 ± 2.76 vs. 39.51 ± 2.45, ALT (U/L): 270.88 ± 11.06 vs. 334.67 ± 7.85, BUN (mmol/L): 13.29 ± 1.90 vs. 17.63 ± 1.42, SCr (µmol/L): 203.54 ± 18.40 vs. 251.53 ± 14.38, all P < 0.05 ], and then they declined; Lac after admission was gradually increased, and peaked at 7 days (mmol/L: 3.53 ± 0.21 vs. 3.82 ± 0.14, P < 0.05 ), and then it was decreased. Myocardial enzyme spectrum was increased after admission, and peaked on 3rd day [creatine kinase (CK, U/L): 192.09 ± 16.26 vs. 216.20 ± 11.96, creatine kinase isoenzyme enzyme ( K-MB, U/L): 39.03 ± 3.75 vs. 47.22 ± 5.84, both P < 0.05 ), and then they declined gradually. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and base excess (E) were gradually decreased after admission, down to trough on the 7th day after admission [PaO2(mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 87.04 ± 2.37 vs. 84.93 ± 2.44, BE (mmol/L): -7.31 ± 2.31 vs. -9.18 ± 2.49, both P < 0.05 ], and then they were increased. At 12 hours after poisoning, paraquat contents in plasma and urine in combination with TCM group were significantly lower than those of the western medicine control group [plasma (ng/L): 0.83 ± 0.08 vs. 0.96 ± 0.10, urine (ng/L): 0.88 ± 0.09 vs. 0.97 ± 011, both P < 0.05]. The injury to lung tissue was significantly improved in combination with TCM group compared with that in the western medicine control group, and no serious adverse reactions was found, and the hospital stay time (days: 20.46 ± 6.07 vs. 29.73 ± 9.16) was significantly shortened (P < 0.01), and the mortality rate [ 35.9% (23/64) vs. 45.3% (29/64) ] was significantly lowered compared with western medicine control group (P < 0.05). In the combination with TCM group pulmonary fibrosis was lighter than that in the western medicine control group during the 60-day follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential treatment of No. 1 and No. 2 detoxification of APP, using rhubarb as the main drug, can effectively eliminate paraquat, reduce absorption of the toxin, prevent the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) induced by the toxin, shorten the hospital stay days, and improve the prognosis of APP.

Effects of artemisinin on action potentials from C-type nodose ganglion neurons.

AIM: To investigate the effects of artemisinin (Art) on the action potentials (AP) recorded from identified C-type nodose neurons and study its anti-arrhythmic and anesthetic mechanisms. METHODS: Neonatal and adult rats were selected for the preparation of isolated nodose ganglia neurons (NGN) and nodose ganglion-vagus slice preparation. Somatic AP were recorded from both isolated and slice NGN using whole-cell patch technique. Conduction velocity (CV) was measured using slice preparation. The effects of Art on AP were evaluated with the reference to ketamine. RESULTS: Effects of Art on AP were that: (1) AP depolarizing profiles were inhibited without changing resting membrane potential (RMP). The peak of AP (AP(peak)) and upstroke velocity (UV(APD50) and UV(max)) decreased markedly (P<0.01). (2) The duration of AP at the point of half repolarization (APD(50)) was obviously prolonged (P<0.01). (3) Art also slowed down AP repolarization profiles (downstroke velocity, DV(APD50), and DV(max)) and the peak of after-hyperpolarization (AHP(peak)) was less negative. (4) Total inward and outward currents over the course of AP were significantly reduced in the presence of Art. (5) CV did not changed by Art. (6) The effects of Art on AP were concentration-dependent and resembled with those of ketamine except for CV. CONCLUSION: Art inhibited both depolarization and repolarization of AP, suggesting that the effects of Art were probably, due to the blockade of Na+ and K+ ion channels.