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1.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354898

RESUMEN

Working memory (WM) represents a building-block of higher cognitive functions and a wide range of mental disorders are associated with WM impairments. Initial studies have shown that several sessions of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) informed real-time neurofeedback (NF) allow healthy individuals to volitionally increase activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region critically involved in WM. For the translation to therapeutic or neuroenhancement applications, however, it is critical to assess whether fNIRS-NF success transfers into neural and behavioral WM enhancement in the absence of feedback. We therefore combined single-session fNIRS-NF of the left DLPFC with a randomized sham-controlled design (N = 62 participants) and a subsequent WM challenge with concomitant functional MRI. Over four runs of fNIRS-NF, the left DLPFC NF training group demonstrated enhanced neural activity in this region, reflecting successful acquisition of neural self-regulation. During the subsequent WM challenge, we observed no evidence for performance differences between the training and the sham group. Importantly, however, examination of the fMRI data revealed that - compared to the sham group - the training group exhibited significantly increased regional activity in the bilateral DLPFC and decreased left DLPFC - left anterior insula functional connectivity during the WM challenge. Exploratory analyses revealed a negative association between DLPFC activity and WM reaction times in the NF group. Together, these findings indicate that healthy individuals can learn to volitionally increase left DLPFC activity in a single training session and that the training success translates into WM-related neural activation and connectivity changes in the absence of feedback. This renders fNIRS-NF as a promising and scalable WM intervention approach that could be applied to various mental disorders.


Asunto(s)
Memoria a Corto Plazo , Neurorretroalimentación , Humanos , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Neurorretroalimentación/métodos , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Cognición
2.
Psychother Psychosom ; 88(1): 5-15, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30699438

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Deficient emotion regulation and exaggerated anxiety represent a major transdiagnostic psychopathological marker. On the neural level these deficits have been closely linked to impaired, yet treatment-sensitive, prefrontal regulatory control over the amygdala. Gaining direct control over these pathways could therefore provide an innovative and promising intervention to regulate exaggerated anxiety. To this end the current proof-of-concept study evaluated the feasibility, functional relevance and maintenance of a novel connectivity-informed real-time fMRI neurofeedback training. METHODS: In a randomized crossover sham-controlled design, 26 healthy subjects with high anxiety underwent real-time fMRI-guided neurofeedback training to enhance connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and the amygdala (target pathway) during threat exposure. Maintenance of regulatory control was assessed after 3 days and in the absence of feedback. Training-induced changes in functional connectivity of the target pathway and anxiety ratings served as primary outcomes. RESULTS: Training of the target, yet not the sham control, pathway significantly increased amygdala-vlPFC connectivity and decreased levels of anxiety. Stronger connectivity increases were significantly associated with higher anxiety reduction on the group level. At the follow-up, volitional control over the target pathway was maintained in the absence of feedback. CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrate for the first time that successful self-regulation of amygdala-prefrontal top-down regulatory circuits may represent a novel intervention to control anxiety. As such, the present findings underscore both the critical contribution of amygdala-prefrontal circuits to emotion regulation and the therapeutic potential of connectivity-informed real-time neurofeedback.


Asunto(s)
Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Ansiedad/terapia , Neuroimagen Funcional/métodos , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Neurorretroalimentación/métodos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Autocontrol , Adulto , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Ansiedad/diagnóstico por imagen , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Estudios Cruzados , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Prueba de Estudio Conceptual
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