Association Between Antioxidant Nutrients, Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Polymorphism and Skeletal Fluorosis in Guizhou, China.

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endemic fluorosis. We analyzed associations between oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms (PON1 rs662, CAT rs769217, rs2300182, and SOD2 rs11968525) and skeletal fluorosis, and examined potential gene-environment interactions with dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and selenium intake. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Zhijin County, Guizhou Province of China. Skeletal fluorosis was identified according to the Chinese Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis. Dietary information was assessed through face-to-face interviews by trained interviewers using a 75-item food frequency questionnaire. The genotype was detected by high throughput TaqMan-MGB RT-PCR technology. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using an unconditional logistic regression model. Results: Intake of vitamin E, zinc, and selenium was found to be inversely associated with the risk of skeletal fluorosis. The multivariable-adjusted ORs were 0.438 (95% CI: 0.268 to 0.715, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.490 (95% CI: 0.298 to 0.805, P-trend = 0.001) for zinc, and 0.532 (95% CI: 0.324 to 0.873, P-trend = 0.010) for selenium when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. The relationship for vitamin C was not observed after adjustment for risk factors. Furthermore, participants with PON1 rs662 AA genotype had a significantly decreased risk of skeletal fluorosis compared with those with the GG genotype (OR = 0.438, 95% CI: 0.231 to 0.830). GG + AG genotype carriers were 2.212 times more likely to have skeletal fluorosis than AA carriers (OR = 2.212, 95% CI: 1.197 to 4.090). Compared with AA carriers, AG carriers had a 2.182 times higher risk of skeletal fluorosis (OR = 2.182, 95% CI: 1.143 to 4.163). Although we observed the risk of skeletal fluorosis was higher with a lower intake of antioxidant nutrients, the potential interactions between nutrient intake and genetic polymorphisms were not observed. Conclusion: Participants with a higher intake of vitamin E, zinc, and selenium have a lower likelihood of skeletal fluorosis. In addition, the PON1 rs662 polymorphism is related to skeletal fluorosis.

Dietary yeast ß-glucan supplementation improves eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability as well as enhances immune functions in breeder laying hens.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast ß-glucan (YG) on performance and immune functions in breeder hens in a non-challenged setting. A total of 512 43-week-old Hy-Line Brown breeder hens were assigned into four treatments, and fed a basal diet with YG at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg /kg for 8 weeks, respectively. Results showed that supplementation of YG did not affect production performance, but linearly increased hatchability (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, hens fed with 200 mg/kg YG had improved eggshell color and reduced mortality. Moreover, feeding 200 mg/kg YG significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced lymphocyte proliferation response to LPS, increased the percentage of peripheral blood CD3+ T cells and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response; remarkably down-regulated splenic TLR4, IL-6 and TGF-ß mRNA levels while upregulated TLR6 and IFN-γ mRNA levels (P < 0.05). In addition, inclusion of YG at 200 mg/kg considerably promoted the production of serum cytokines, total IgA, and specific antibody titers against BSA, AIV and NDV vaccine (P < 0.05). These results suggested that dietary inclusion of 200 mg/kg YG could improve eggshell color and fertile eggs hatchability and enhance cellular and humoral immune function of breeder hens in a nonchallenged setting without disturbing immune homeostasis.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Plus Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background. Aidi injection is an important adjuvant anticancer drug commonly used in China. Can Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy improve clinical efficacy with good safety in NSCLC? To further reveal its clinical effectiveness, we systematically evaluated all the related studies. Method. We collected all the studies about Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy for NSCLC on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, CENTRAL, Chi-CTR, and US-clinical trials. We evaluated their methodological bias risk according to the Cochrane evaluation handbook (5.1.0), extracted data following the predesigned data extraction form according to the PICO principle, and synthesized the data using meta-analysis. Results. We included 36 RCTs with 2837 patients, and most studies had unclear bias risk. The merged RR values and their 95% CI of meta-analysis for ORR, DCR, and QOL were as follows: 1.30 (1.19, 1.42), 1.17, (1.12, 1.22), and 1.73 (1.54, 1.95). The merged RR values for neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatorenal dysfunctions, and alopecia were as follows: 0.70 (0.61, 0.79), 0.63 (0.53, 0.75), 0.60 (0.48, 0.75), 0.76 (0.65, 0.89), 0.56 (0.36, 0.88), and 0.58 (0.36, 0.93). Compared with chemotherapy alone, all differences were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed that, with 100 ml, 80-100 ml, and 50 ml, Aidi injection could increase the tumor response and Aidi injection plus DP, DC, and DO could increase the tumor response. Meta-analysis results had good stability. Conclusions. Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy, especially plus DP, DC, and DO, may significantly improve the clinical efficacy and QOL in NSCLC. It may also have low risk of hematotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and low risk of inducing hepatorenal dysfunctions. Aidi injection may have attenuation and synergistic efficacy to docetaxel chemotherapy. All these need to have new evidence to be proved.

Has aidi injection the attenuation and synergistic efficacy to gemcitabine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of 36 randomized controlled trials.

Gemcitabine and cisplatin is the first line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer with high toxicity. Aidi injection is a cantharidin and astragalu-based Chinese herbs injection in China. Has Aidi injection attenuation and synergistic efficacy to GP in NSCLC? There is lack of strong evidence to prove it. To further reveal it, we systematically evaluated all related studies. We collected all studies about Aidi injection plus GP for NSCLC in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, CBM, CCRCT, Chi-CTR, and US-clinical trials (established to June 2015). We evaluated their quality according to the Cochrane evaluation handbook of randomized controlled trials (5.1.0), extracted data following the PICO principles and synthesized the data by Meta analysis. Thirty six RCTs with 2582 NSCLC patients were included, with general methodological quality in most trials. The RR values and their 95% CI of Meta-analysis for ORR, DCR and QOL were as following: 1.28 (1.17, 1.39), 1.11(1.07, 1.15) and 1.81 (1.61, 2.03). The merged RD values and their 95% CI of Meta-analysis for myelosuppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, neurotoxicity and nausea and vomiting were as following: -0.23(-0.29, -0.17), -0.17(-0.22, -0.11), -0.13(-0.18, -0.08), -0.06(-0.17, 0.05) and -0.15(-0.21, -0.10). To compare with GP alone, all differences were statistically significant. The available evidence indicates that Aidi injection plus GP can significantly increase the clinical efficacy and improve the QOL of patients with NSCLC. Aidi injection can reduce myelosuppression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia neurotoxicity and nausea/vomiting. These indirectly reveal that Aidi injection has the attenuation and synergistic efficacy to GP chemotherapy in NSCLC.

[Efficacy on analgesia with electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle after laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle on analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and the impacts on the post-surgical flatus time. METHODS: Under static absorptive composite general anesthesia, 90 cases of LC were randomized into three groups, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the analgesia was not applied after LC. In the analgesia-pumper group, the patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used. In the needle-retaining group, the electric acupuncture stimulator was used. The needles were inserted transversely at Riyue (GB 24), Qichong (ST 30) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and fixed with sterile sticker. Separately, in 8 h and 24 h after surgery, the electric acupuncture stimulation with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz frequency was applied continuously for 30 min. Visual analogue scale (VAS), adverse reactions such as vomiting and nausea and the postoperative flatus time in 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h after surgery were observed and recorded in the three groups. RESULTS: In 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after surgery, VAS scores in the needle-retaining group and the analgesia-pumper group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The analgesia effect at the above time points in the needle-retaining group was better than that in the analgesia-pumper group (all P < 0.05). There was not adverse reaction in the needle-retaining group. But there were 3 cases of somnolence, 6 cases of nausea and 3 cases of vomiting in the analgesia-pumper group, and 2 cases of nausea and 1 case of vomiting in the control group. The flatus time was quite earlier in the needle-retaining group as compared with the other two groups [(14.77 +/- 4.99) h vs (18.50 +/- 4.22) h, P < 0.01; (14.77 +/- 4.99) h vs (18.17 +/- 4.69) h, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The electric stimulation of long-term retaining needle is safe and effective in analgesia after LC. It avoids the adverse reactions of analgesics and promotes postoperative flatus.