[Ferroptosis is involved in testicular injury induced by TDCIPP in adolescent male mice].

Objective: To investigate the role of ferroptosis in testicular injury in adolescent male mice induced by TDCIPP. Methods: In December 2021, 30 healthy 3-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, with a body weight of (13±2) g, were selected and fed adaptive for one week. They were divided into control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, high-dose group and iron death inhibitor group according to a random number table, with 6 mice in each group. Mice in low, medium and high dose groups were treated with 5, 25 and 125 mg/ (kg·d) TDCIPP for 28 days, respectively, while the control group was treated with the same amount of corn oil for 28 days. The iron death inhibitor group was given 125 mg/ (kg·d) TDCIPP intragastric administration for 28 days, and 30 mg/kg DFO saline solution was intraperitoneally injected three times a week. After the treatment, the mice were killed, the epididymis was separated, and sperm count was performed. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of mouse testis, and iron content in testis was detected by tissue iron detection kit. The level of reactive cxygen species, MDA content, and the mitochondrial membrane potential level of mice were detected. Western blot analysis of testicular glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) and internal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression. Results: Compared with the control group, the spermatogenic cells in the testes of mice treated with medium-and high-dose of TDCIPP were disorderly arranged, showing a vacuolar structure. the number of sperm in the epididymis was significantly reduced (P=0.009, 0.004), while the sperm deformity rate was significantly increased (P=0.010, 0.000). Moreover, the content of ROS, iron ion and MDA in the testes increased significantly (P<0.05), and the mitochondrial membrane potential of mouse testicular cells decreased significantly (P<0.05). The expression of GPX4 proteins decreased (P<0.05). while the expression of COX2 increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with high-dose group group, spermatogenic cells in ferroptosis inhibitor group were closely arranged and normal, and ROS and Fe contents in testicular tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01) ; GPX4 protein expression was significantly increased while COX2 protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Ferroptosis is involved in TDCIPP-induced testicular damage in male pubertal mice.

The specialty of family dentistry: a future for general dental practitioners?

A new Specialty in dentistry, Family Dentistry, has been established to provide a structured, co-ordinated training for general dental practitioners who are the major oral health service providers. The training emphasizes the importance of continuing and comprehensive care, the interface between primary and secondary care, the relationship between the patient and his/her family and the community, and a holistic approach in treatment planning and delivery.