[Relationship between Yingyangbao consumption and anemia status among infants and young children in impoverish areas of Henan Province:a cross-sectional study based on latent class analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore latent classes of Yingyangbao(YYB) consumption among infants and young children in impoverished areas of Henan Province, and to analyze the relationship between these classes and anemia status. METHODS: We recruited 4433 children aged 6 to 24 months by multi-stage random sampling in 14 poverty-stricken counties of Henan Province between June and September 2018. We conducted hemoglobin concentration measurement among children and questionnaire survey among their caregivers. Then we used latent class analysis to classify the characteristics of YYB consumption among the children and two-level Logistic regression was used to explore relationship between YYB consumption and anemia status. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 15.1% in poor areas of Henan Province in 2018. There were two latent classes of YYB consumption among children: the one was "effective consumption", latent class probability was 0.889; the other called "ineffective consumption", latent class probability was 0.111. Compared with effective consumption, children who never have consumed YYB(odds ratio(OR)=1.365, P<0.001) or were in "ineffective consumption" class(OR=1.265, P=0.034) were both positive related to anemia. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of anemia among children in impoverished areas has been significantly reduced since the launch of Program of Children's Nutrition Improvement in Impoverished Areas. Effective consumption is a key to ensuring YYB's anemia intervention effect.

[Effect on 6-23 months infants by Yingyangbao intervention in impoverished regions of Henan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of 6-23 months infants by Yingyangbao(YYB) intervention in impoverished areas of Henan Province. METHODS: A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select infants aged 6-23 months from 51 project counties in Henan Province from September to November 2019. Physical anthropometric measurement and hemoglobin detection were performed, and face-to-face questionnaires surveyed with caregivers of the children. Children in 12 regions covered by YYB were defined as intervention group, and controls were selected from the baseline survey of children in 39 regions not covered by YYB according to the 1∶1 matching principle. The analysis between YYB and control groups were analyzed by χ~2 or t test. χ~2 test for trend to compare trend of children health status. RESULTS: A total of 7738 subjects were selected in the study, including 3869 in the intervention group and 3869 in the control group. The average length, weight and hemoglobin level of YYB group were 1. 1 cm, 0. 67 kg and 3. 8 g/L, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group. The anemia rate, underweight rate, stunting rate and wasting rate in intervention group were 13.1%, 1.7%, 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively, significantly lower than control group. Compared with the control group, the two-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea in the intervention group decreased by 5. 6% and 7. 2%, respectively. In addition, nutrition knowledge score of the parents, minimum dietary diversity rate, minimum meal frequency rate and minimum acceptable diet rate of intervention group were 62. 4%, 71. 1%, 73. 7% and 55. 8%, respectively, significantly better than that of control group. From 2015 to 2019, the anemia rate, underweight rate, stunting rate of children in regions covered by YYB showed a downward trend. CONCLUSION: YYB can effectively improve the nutrition, physical development and health status of 6-24 months infants. Through the implementation of the project, the knowledge and skills of scientific feeding in impoverished regions were significantly improved.

[Relationship between 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea and Yingyangbao consumption among infants and young children in impoverished area of Henan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between fever and diarrhea 2-week prevalence and Yingyangbao(YYB) effective consumption among infants and young children. METHODS: A total of 2952 infants and young children aged from 6 to 24 month in 10 impoverished counties of Henan province were selected by multi-stage random sampling between June and September 2017. To acquire 2-week prevalence information of infants and young children, their caregivers were investigated by self-made questionnaire. The structural equation model was utilized in multi-factor analysis. RESULTS: After adjusting potential confounders, YYB effective consumption reduced2-week prevalence of fever(ß=-0. 279, P=0. 001) and diarrhea(ß=-0. 182, P=0. 042) among infants and young children. Nutrition knowledge and YYB benefit cognition of caregivers reduced2-week prevalence of fever(γ=-0. 002, 95%CI-0. 004～-0. 001, P=0. 003) and diarrhea(γ=-0. 001, 95%CI-0. 003～0. 000, P=0. 049) indirectly through chain mediation path of "nutrition knowledge-YYB benfit cognition-YYB effective consumption-fever/diarrheal". CONCLUSION: YYB effective consumption can reduce 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children. Nutrition knowledge and YYB benefit cognition can improve YYB effective consumption and thus reduce 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea indirectly.

Receptor and transporter binding and activity profiles of albiflorin extracted from Radix paeoniae Alba.

Albiflorin, a traditional Chinese herb, is a main component of Radix paeoniae Alba, which has been used for the treatment of depressive disorders since ancient times. However, the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of albiflorin is poorly understood. Thus, we explored the binding profile of albiflorin at neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We also characterised the in vivo effect of albiflorin on monoaminergic systems by using microanalysis to determine the extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamus of freely moving rats administered albiflorin. We found that albiflorin inhibited the uptake of 5-HT and NE and displayed robust binding affinities for the transporters of both neurotransmitters. By contrast, albiflorin (10 µM) showed no significant affinity to a wide array of central nervous system receptors. The results of our in vivo microdialysis studies showed that administration of albiflorin (3.5, 7.0, 14.0 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular concentrations of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus of freely moving rats. Overall, the current study showed that albiflorin is a novel 5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitor with high selectivity.