TRPV1 participates in the protective effect of propolis on colonic tissue of ulcerative colitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly characterized by inflammation, ulceration and erosion of colonic mucosa and submucosa. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an important mediator of visceral pain and inflammatory bowel disease. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of water soluble propolis (WSP) on UC colon inflammatory tissue and the role of TRPV1.@*METHODS@#Male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): a normal control (NC) group, an ulcerative colitis model (UC) group, a low-WSP (L-WSP) group, a medium-WSP (M-WSP) group, a high-WSP (H-WSP) group, and a salazosulfapyridine (SASP) group. The rats in the NC group drank water freely, and the other groups drank 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution freely for 7 d to replicate the ulcerative colitis model. Based on the successful replication of the UC, the L-WSP, M-WSP, and H-WSP groups were given 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of water-soluble propolis by gavage for 7 d, and the SASP group was given 100 mg/kg of sulfasalazine by gavage for 7 d. The body weight of rats in each group was measured at the same time every day, the fecal traits and occult blood were observed to record the disease activity index (DAI). After intragastric administration, the animals were sacrificed after fasted 24 h. Serum and colonic tissue were collected, and the changes of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected. The pathological changes of colon tissues were observed by HE staining, and the expression of TRPV1 in colon tissues was observed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#The animals in each group that drank DSS freely showed symptoms such as weight loss, decreased appetite, depressed state, and hematochezia, indicating that the model was successfully established. Compared with the NC group, DAI scores of other groups were increased (all P<0.05). MDA, IL-6, TNF-α in serum and colon tissues of the UC group were increased compared with the NC group (all P<0.01), and they were decreased after WSP and SASP treatment (all P<0.01). The results of showed that the colon tissue structure was obviously broken and inflammatory infiltration in the UC group, while the H-WSP group and the SASP group significantly improved the colon tissue and alleviated inflammatory infiltration. The expression of TRPV1 in colon tissues in the UC group was increased compared with the NC group (all P<0.01), and it was decreased after WSP and SASP treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#WSP can alleviate the inflammatory state of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS, which might be related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors release, and down-regulation or desensitization of TRPV1.

The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K is involved in the formation of coronary artery calcification which is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. This study aims to explore the association between coronary artery calcification score and serum concentrations of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 116 patients who underwent CT coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Serum concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between coronary artery calcification score and serum vitamin K concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS: Significantly lower serum vitamin K1 concentration was found in the patients with CACS > 400, comparing with the other CACS categories, respectively. Log (CACS + 1) was significantly higher in MK-4 < 0.05 ng/ml group compared with MK-4 ≥ 0.05 ng/ml group [2.03(0.21, 2.58) vs 1.31(0.00, 2.19), P < 0.05]. In subjects with established coronary calcification (defined as CACS > 10), vitamin K1 was found to be an independent factor contributing to higher CACS (r = -0.288, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, serum vitamin K1 and MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly cohorts with increasing calcification scores. The significant effect of vitamin K1 on CACS was only found in individuals who already had calcification. Whether the detection of circulating vitamin K in patients with preexisting coronary calcification could guide vitamin K supplementation needs further exploration.

Status of thyroid function and intelligence quotient of children in areas with different iodine nutrition levels in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the status of thyroid function and intelligence quotient (IQ) of children in areas with different iodine nutrition levels in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and to explore the health risk of children with median urinary iodine of 200 - 299 μg/L, and to provide a basis for scientific iodine supplementation.Methods:In May 2019, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altay Prefecture and Kashgar Prefecture were selected, where the median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years were 100 - 199 and 200 - 299 μg/L for three consecutive years (2017 - 2019). A stratified random sampling method was used to select 400 children aged 8 to 10 years in each of the two regions, urine and blood samples were collected to detect urinary iodine and thyroid function [thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT 4), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb)]. At the same time, children's IQ was measured and determined by Second Revision of Combined Raven's Test (CRT-C2) in China and Second Revision of Combined Raven's Test for Children-the Rural, in China (CRT-RC2). Results:The median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years in Altay Prefecture and Kashgar Prefecture was 188.6 and 250.1 μg/L, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in thyroid function indexes TSH and FT 3 levels between the two regions ( Z = - 0.58, t = 0.49, P > 0.05), while there was statistically significant difference in FT 4 level ( t = 60.08, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in TgAb positive rate [3.6% (14/394), 4.0% (16/399)] between the two regions (χ 2 = 0.11, P = 0.736), but the difference of TPOAb positive rate [9.6% (38/394), 30.6% (122/399)] was statistically significant (χ 2 = 53.93, P < 0.001), while the difference of dual antibody positive rate [0.8% (3/394), 2.0% (8/399)] was not statistically significant ( P = 0.134). There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of subclinical hypothyroidism [8.9% (35/394), 11.0% (44/399)], subclinical hyperthyroidism [1.0% (4/394), 1.3% (5/399)] and hyperthyroidism [0.3% (1/394), 0.8% (3/399)] in children between the two regions ( P > 0.05). The IQ results of children in the two regions were 96.55 ± 11.36 and 89.57 ± 12.35, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them ( t = 2.79, P = 0.095). Conclusions:The thyroid function status of children is similar in the two regions with median urinary iodine of 100 - 199 μg/L and 200 - 299 μg/L in children aged 8 to 10 years, but the TPOAb positive rate is significantly different. Children whose iodine nutritional level is at or above the appropriate level have no obvious changes in intelligence. It is suggested that median urinary iodine at 200 - 299 μg/L is a relatively safe iodine nutrition state.

Design and application of a new type of fascia stretching cup / 中国针灸

In order to comprehensively stretch human fascia, adjust the biomechanical balance of fascia system and promote the recovery of physiological function of fascia, a new type of fascia stretching cup is designed. This design is composed of two or more silica gel cups and elastic stretching belts between cups. The bottom surface of the silica gel cup has an annular exhaust groove, which can increase the adsorption capacity of the cup to the skin. In the meanwhile, a removable magnet is placed in the groove at the top of each silica gel cup to assist analgesia. This design is suitable for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic tendon and bone diseases with imbalance of meridians and tendons.

Determination of morphine, codeine, and thebaine concentrations from poppy seed tea using magnetic carbon nanotubes facilitated dispersive micro-solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis.

With tightening enforcement and restrictions amid the opioid epidemic, poppy seed tea is consumed as an alternative to mitigate the withdrawal symptoms or as a home remedy to relieve pain and stress. Previously published studies suggested the potential danger of consuming tea brewed with a moderate to a large amount of poppy seed. In this study, the effects of small quantity and repeat brewing on opiate concentrations were evaluated. A dispersive-micro solid phase extraction facilitated by magnetic carbon nanotubes (Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE) was developed, optimized, successfully validated, and applied to ten poppy seed tea samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A total of ten poppy seed samples were evaluated in this work. Two grams of bulk poppy seeds were brewed with 6 mL of heated and acidified DI water three times. The brewed tea samples were subjected to the validated Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE/GC-MS analysis. The total mean opiate concentrations obtained from three brews were 1.1-1926, 20.2-311, and 9.0-100 mg/kg for morphine, codeine, and thebaine, respectively. The total opiate yields obtained from the small quantity brewing, i.e., 6 g seed in 18 mL tea, in this study may provide minimal analgesic and euphoric effects. Over 80% of the total opiate yield was extracted in the first brew with acidified deionized water from the 10 min brewing period, and opiate yields from the second and third brew were minimal. However, potential overdose could occur for some tea samples when scaled up to the starter quantity of seed suggested for new users.

Post-Marketing Surveillance of Qishe Pill () Use for Management of Neck Pain in a Chinese Patient Cohort to Determine its Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Qishe Pill () on neck pain in real-world clinical practice.@*METHODS@#A multi-center, prospective, observational surveillance in 8 hospitals across Shanghai was conducted. During patients receiving 4-week Qishe Pill medication, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) assessments have been used to assess their pain and function, while safety monitoring have been observed after 2 and 4 weeks.@*RESULTS@#Results from 2,023 patients (mean age 54.5 years) suggest that the drug exposure per unit of body mass was estimated at 3.41 ± 0.62 g/kg. About 8.5% (172/2,023) of all participants experienced adverse events (AEs), while 3.8% (78/2,023) of all participants experienced adverse reaction. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal events and respiratory events. The VAS score (pain) and NDI score (function) significantly decreased after 4-week treatment. An effect-quantitative analysis was also conducted to show that the normal clinical dosage may be consider as 3-4 g/kg, at which dosage the satisfactory pain-relief effect may achieve by 40-mm reduction in VAS.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings showed that patients with cervical radiculopathy who received Qishe Pill experienced significant improvement on pain and function. (Registration No. NCT01875562).

Progress of Experimental Research on Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Proteins Associated Asthmatic Airway Remodeling / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Airway remodeling is an important pathological basis of asthma， and also the main reason for the difficulty in asthma therapy. By referring to the experimental reports on the treatment of airway remodeling in asthma with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in recent years， the authors comprehensively analyzed the effect of TCM on proteins related to airway remodeling in asthma， and it was found that TCM could regulate the signal pathway related proteins （such as transforming growth factor-β1/Smads， extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Wnt/β-catenin）， structural proteins （such as α-smooth muscle actin， collagen， osteopontin and fibrin） and gene regulatory proteins （such as matrix metalloproteinase-9， vascular endothelial growth factor， B lymphoma cell-2 related X protein）， and participate in the regulation of airway remodeling signaling pathway， tissue structure homeostasis and gene expression， so as to inhibit airway remodeling in asthma. In conclusion， TCM can improve the pathological morphology of airway remodeling and delay the progress of airway remodeling by controlling the corresponding proteins. At present， however， a lot of studies are limited to single Chinese herbal or TCM extract in animal experiments， and there is a lack of clinical research. It is suggested to establish a systematic and multi-level study on the mechanism of TCM for treating airway remodeling in asthma based on the theory of TCM， so as to provide a better reference for clinical practice.

Study on internal and external quality control methods of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata based on QAMS and color recognition / 中国中药杂志

In order to effectively solve the over-processing problem of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata, which was commonly used as a hemostatic drug in clinical application, we used the quantitative analysis method of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) in this study, with quercetin as internal reference to simultaneously determine the content of six flavonoids which can be used to control the internal quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata. Based on the comparison of QAMS and external standard method(ESM) results, the limit standards of contents were established as follows: isoquercitroside ≥0.002 0%, quercitroside ≥0.050%, quercetin ≥0.030%, kaempferol and amentoflavone both ≥0.010%, hinokiflavone ≥0.050%. Based on the color detection of Platycladi Cacumen and Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata with different processing degrees, the law of influence of different processing degrees on the color of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was found. A new external quality standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was established by fitting curve of color recognition for the external quality control, based on which the standard ranges of ΔL~*, Δb~* and ΔE were-50.00--44.00, 6.00-11.00 and 45.00-50.00 respectively. Effective combination of established internal and external quality control standards by this study can be used to evaluate the processing degree and quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata more comprehensively and objectively, which can guarantee its clinical efficacy. At the same time, this study also provides reference and basis for further improving the quality control standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata.

Intestinal dysfunction of spinal cord injury treated with moxibustion: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect on intestinal dysfunction of spinal cord injury (SCI) between the comprehensive therapy of moxibustion (moxibustion for opening the governor vessel and regulating the spirit) and rehabilitation training and the simple treatment with rehabilitation training.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with intestinal dysfunction of SCI were randomized into a comprehensive therapy group and a rehabilitation group, 30 cases in each one (3 cases were dropped out in each group). On the base of the routine western medicine treatment and rehabilitation training, the bowel training and rectal function training were provided, once a day in the rehabilitation group. In the comprehensive therapy group, on the base of the treatment as the rehabilitation group, the moxibustion was exerted at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Mingmen (GV 4), Zhiyang (GV 9), Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20), etc, once a day, 30 min each time. In both groups, the treatment for 4 weeks was as one course and 3 courses of treatment were required. Separately, before treatment, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) and World Health Organization quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were observed and the clinical effect was evaluated after 12 weeks of treatment.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the total effective rate was 88.9% (24/27) in the comprehensive therapy group, which was higher than 74.1% (20/27) in the rehabilitation group (<0.05). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, NBD scores were all reduced obviously as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, NBD scores in the comprehensive therapy group were lower than the rehabilitation group (both <0.05). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of all of the domains (psychology, physiology, social relations and environment) in WHOQOL-BREF were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01). After 4 weeks of treatment, the scores in the psychology and physiology domains in the comprehensive therapy group were higher than the rehabilitation group (all <0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of all of the domains in the comprehensive therapy group were higher than the rehabilitation group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The comprehensive treatment of moxibustion and rehabilitation training achieves the better effect on intestinal dysfunction of SCI than the simple rehabilitation training and greatly improves the quality of life in SCI patients.

Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Pathological Scar / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pathological scar is a kind of skin fibrotic disease caused by abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scar and keloid. Pathological scar may lead to aesthetic flaws, limb dysfunction and local discomfort in patients. Due to the complexity of the wound healing process, the formation of scar is affected by many factors. In addition to traditional surgical, laser, cryostatic and hormone injection methods for the treatment of pathological scar, there are new therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cell therapy, fat transplantation, interferon, and botulinum toxin. They are widely used in clinical practice, but with such problems as high prices and many side effect. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in treating pathological scar. In recent years, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TCM has effect IN reducing inflammation, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, regulating fibroblast activation and migration, inducing fibroblast apoptosis and autophagy, promoting the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and reducing angiogenesis in general. Besides, TCM has also a certain regulatory role in the signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and sonic hedgehog (Shh). There are still some contradictions in relevant studies, and specific mechanisms remain to be further improved. This paper summarizes the study content, findings and relevant mechanisms of different TCM based on in vivo and in vitro experiments, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of TCM in the prevention and treatment of pathological scar, and its prospects in clinical application, so as to provide basis and ideas for future scar studies.

Qiliqiangxin attenuates atrial structural remodeling in prolonged pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in rabbits.

Qiliqiangxin (QL) can attenuate myocardial remodeling and improve cardiac function in some cardiac diseases, including heart failure and hypertension. This study was to explore the effects and mechanism of QL on atrial structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). Twenty-one rabbits were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, pacing group (pacing with 600 beats per minute for 4 weeks), and treatment group (2.5 g/kg/day). Before pacing, the rabbits received QL-administered p.o. for 1 week. We measured atrial electrophysiological parameters in all groups to evaluate AF inducibility and the atrial effective refractory period (AERP). Echocardiography evaluated cardiac function and structure. TUNEL detection, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting (WB) were used to detect alterations in calcium channel L-type dihydropyridine receptor α2 subunit (DHPR) and fibrosis-related regulatory factors. AF inducibility was markedly decreased after QL treatment. Furthermore, we found that AERP and DHPR were reduced significantly in pacing rabbits compared with sham rabbits; treatment with QL increased DHPR and AERP compared to the pacing group. The QL group showed significantly decreased mast cell density and improved atrial ejection fraction values compared with the pacing group. Moreover, QL decreased interventricular septum thickness (IVSd) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD). Compared with the sham group, the levels of TGFß1 and P-smad2/3 were significantly upregulated in the pacing group. QL reduced TGF-ß1 and P-smad2/3 levels and downstream fibrosis-related factors. Our study demonstrated that QL treatment attenuates atrial structural remodeling potentially by inhibiting TGF-ß1/P-smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Investigation of students' satisfaction degree on blending learning in physiology under the background of audit assessment / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate students' satisfaction degree and goal-achieving degree for cultivating applicative medical talents by analyzing the results of satisfaction degree survey on blending teaching in physiology from 2016 to 2018 under the background of audit assessment.Methods Grade 2015 undergraduates majoring in oral medicine(n=60),grade 2016 undergraduates in medical laboratory science(n=59),grade 2016 undergraduates in Traditional Chinese Medicine(n=27),and grade 2017 undergraduates in oral medicine(n=58)were selected as study subjects.Blending learning in physiology was adopted and the teaching process was designed according to the training objectives for applicative medical talents.Questionnaires were conducted among students at the beginning and end of the semester to rate the satisfaction degree of learning in physiology.The questionnaire scores were put into SPSS 19.0 for independent t-test.Results Grade 2015 oral,2016 grade medical examination technology,2016 grade traditional Chinese medicine,2017 grade stomatology majors.In the scoring indicators of the questionnaire,teaching method scores,semester knowledge mastery scores,semester analysis problem solving ability scores,semester autonomy Both the learning ability score and the final expression communication ability score were significantly higher than the beginning of the semester,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Students are satisfied with the blending learning in physiology which fits the cultivating goal for applied medical talents and reaches the standard line of audit assessment.

Correlation between blood oxygen level dependent fMRI signal and GABA content in anterior cingulate cortex after acupuncture of Hegu (LI4) / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) signal and neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the prefrontal cortex area after acupuncture or Von Frey filament stimulation (epidermal stimulation) at the right Hegu (LI4). METHODS: A total of 76 healthy volunteers (23 men and 53 women, 24.5±1.4 years in age) were recruited in the pre-sent study. Each volunteer received two sessions of fMRI magnetic resonance scanning (MRS) examinations, with an interval of one week between two sessions. The MRI scan sequences included pre-task MRS, resting state BOLD and task MRS, BOLD. A region of Interest (ROI) of 35 mm×30 mm×25 mm was located at the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex areas. In the two sessions of examinations, the right LI4 point was stimulated by manual acupuncture or Von Frey filament-pressing. The tasks were designed as the block design. Each block contained 3 intermittent acupoint stimulations, lasting 30 s in each stimulation and with two minutes' pause between two stimulations. The MRS data were processed by using Linear Combination (LC) Model software (for assessing GABA content), and the BOLD data of fMRI was analyzed by using SPM12 software (comparison within each group), REST1.8 (comparison between two groups), separately. RESULTS: Extensive deactivations were induced by both stimulations, mainly involving the midline regions as the medial prefrontal lobe, and limbic lobe. The deactivation effect of manual acupuncture stimulation was more extensive and intensive than that of Von Frey filament stimulation, especially in the medial prefrontal lobe. Data from 66 volunteers (after exclusion of 10 participants due to bigger standard deviation of GABA/Glx) showed no marked correlation between the GABA concentration and BOLD activation in the anterior cingulate cortex area in both groups(manual acupuncture stimulation group: r=－0.07, －0.08, 0.04; P=0.57, 0.88, 0.74; Von Frey filament epidermal stimulation group: r=－0.10, －0.09, －0.01; P=0.43, 0.46, 0.96). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture of LI4 elicits a stronger and broader negative activation effect in the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network including the medial prefrontal cortex in comparison with Von Frey filament stimulation, but no apparent correlation was found between the GABA concentration and BOLD activation in the anterior cingulate cortex after manual acupuncture and Von Frey stimulation.

Simultaneous quantification and consistency analysis of 19 representative components in Longshengzhi Capsules by HPLC-QQQ/MS / 中国中药杂志

Longshengzhi capsule consisting of 12 herbs is widely used in clinically treating cerebral ischemia during recovery period.In this study,in order to investigate the consistency of different batches of Longshengzhi capsules,a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method(HPLC-QQQ/MS) was developed for the determination of 19 representative components in Longshengzhi Capsules within 9 min. Methodology validation indicated this method was simple,rapid,accurate,highly sensitive and reproducible,and it could be used for the content determination of components in Longshengzhi Capsules. The consistency analysis results showed that paeoniflorin and calycosin-7-glucoside in Longshengzhi Capsules had the highest content; RSD value of total content of 19 compounds was 5. 2% and the RSD value of main compounds such as astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside was all less than 15%,reflecting good consistency among different batches. This study has provided a scientific method and basis for the quality control and consistency evaluation of Longshengzhi Capsules.

Intervention effects and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation on chronic intermittent hypoxia composite insulin resistance ApoE~(-/-) mice model / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to observe the intervention effects of Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation on chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH) composite insulin resistance(IR) mediated atherosclerosis(AS) mice model,and to observe the mechanism of SREBP-1 c signaling molecule.IR Apo E-/-mice model was induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ injection.Then the mice were treated with hypoxic animal incubator for 8 h per day and 8 weeks to establish a CIH+IR-ApoE-/-mouse model.Model mice were randomly and averagely divided into normoxic control group(NC),model group(CIH) and SREBPs inhibitor group(betulin),atorvastatin group(WM),TCM low-dose group(TCM-L),TCM middle-dose group(TCM-M) and TCM high-dose group(TCM-H) group.Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation including ginsenosides combined with ligustrazine(TMP) were used as intervention drugs.The study observed the effect of drugs on IR,serum lipid,inflammation,stress,AS and SREBP-1 c related molecules.The results showed that fasting blood glucose in TCM-H group decreased compared with other experimental groups(P<0.05).HDL-C level in betulin group,WM group,TCM-H group was higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).LDL-C level in TCM-M group,TCM-H group is lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).The level of CRP in CIH group was higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).The level of SOD in TCM-H group was higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).NC group and CIH group showed obvious AS aortic plaque,while betulin group,WM group,TCM-H group showed reduction in AS plaque(P<0.05).For descending aorta,AS plaque in CIH group was multiple and large,while less and smaller in WM group and TCM-H(P<0.05).The expression of SREBP-1 c and FAS in aorta and skeletal muscle in TCM-H group was lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta,the expression of TNF-α and CD106(VCAM-1) was lower in TCM-H group than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta,skeletal muscle and liver,the level of p-IRS-1 in TCM-H group was significantly higher than that in CIH group(P<0.05).In aorta and liver,the expression of HIF-1α in TCM-H group was lower than that in CIH group(P<0.05).The study demonstrated that combination ginsenosides with TMP could improve IR and serum lipid level and inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress as well as ultimately alleviate AS to some extent.And the mechanism of its interventional effects might be related to the inhibition of CIH-induced upregulation of SREBP-1 c related molecules.

Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima extract on G2/M cell cycle arrest by upregulating 14-3-3σ and downregulating c-myc in vitro and in vivo / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-cancer activity. In some previous studies, different mechanism actions of the anti-cancer effect of MTE have been revealed. In this study, we first observed that MTE exhibited G2/M cell cycle arrest on two different human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 by mediating 14-3-3σ and c-myc. Methods: The effect of MTE on G2/M cell cycle arrest was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. MTT assay was done for evaluation of cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycle analysis. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of G2/M cell cycle-related key protein in cells and tissue samples. Animal studies have been conducted to elucidate the anti-tumor effect of MTE. Results: Cell cycle is the backbone for developing cancer. Cell cycle proteins play a major role in the progression of cell cycle and cell proliferation. However, some key protein directly or indirectly modulate the action of cell cycle protein that highly affect cell cycle regulation. In order to investigate cellular proliferation of cancer, we observed that MTE induced the upregulation of 14-3-3σ and downregulation of c-myc, and then reduced the expression of G2/M cell cycle associated key protein, leading to the inhibition of cellular entry into mitosis phase. We also confirmed that MTE exerted a significant antitumor effect on the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model in vivo. Conclusion: G2/M cell cycle arrest occurred by the action of MTE, mediated by the upregulation of 14-3-3σ as well as downregulation of c-myc in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines.

Investigation of students' satisfaction degree on blending learning in physiology under the background of audit assessment / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective@#To investigate students' satisfaction degree and goal-achieving degree for cultivating applicative medical talents by analyzing the results of satisfaction degree survey on blending teaching in physiology from 2016 to 2018 under the background of audit assessment.@*Methods@#Grade 2015 undergraduates majoring in oral medicine (n=60), grade 2016 undergraduates in medical laboratory science (n=59), grade 2016 undergraduates in Traditional Chinese Medicine (n=27), and grade 2017 undergraduates in oral medicine (n=58) were selected as study subjects. Blending learning in physiology was adopted and the teaching process was designed according to the training objectives for applicative medical talents. Questionnaires were conducted among students at the beginning and end of the semester to rate the satisfaction degree of learning in physiology. The questionnaire scores were put into SPSS 19.0 for independent t-test.@*Results@#Grade 2015 oral, 2016 grade medical examination technology, 2016 grade traditional Chinese medicine, 2017 grade stomatology majors. In the scoring indicators of the questionnaire, teaching method scores, semester knowledge mastery scores, semester analysis problem solving ability scores, semester autonomy Both the learning ability score and the final expression communication ability score were significantly higher than the beginning of the semester, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Students are satisfied with the blending learning in physiology which fits the cultivating goal for applied medical talents and reaches the standard line of audit assessment.

Application progress on chemical pattern recognition in quality control of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Chemometrics is a new cross discipline based on computer and modern technology. It has been widely used in the research of Chinese materia medica (CMM) identification, qualitative characterization, quality control, and group-effect relationship, especially in quality control and evaluation of CMM. In this paper, the application and progress of chemical pattern recognition methods in chemometrics for quality control of CMM in recent years are reviewed. Two unsupervised pattern recognition methods (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and four supervised pattern recognition methods (soft independent modeling of class analogy, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and artificial neural network) are described. This paper reviews application of chemical pattern recognition in quality control of CMM from different aspects, including growing areas, herbal origin, processing, identification of the authenticity, etc.

Analysis on selective extraction effect of six various cyclodextrins on components in chinese patent medicine compound xuezhining / 中草药

Objective To analyze the selective extraction effect of six various cyclodextrins (α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, methylated-β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin, and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin) on components in Chinese patent medicine Compound Xuezhining (XZN), and to establish functional equation of selective extraction effect of cyclodextrin on different chemical ingredients. Methods The chemical ingredients in each cyclodextrin extract of XZN were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the peak areas of known chemical ingredients in all samples. The structural parameters of the known components in XZN were calculated and inquired using computer aided analysis to analyze the selective extraction effect of various cyclodextrins on components. 1stOpt pro1.5 was applied to establish functional equation of selective extraction effect of cyclodextrin on chemical ingredients with different structures. Results Different extracts of XZN were distinguished effectively via PCA, and most discriminant variables for different extraction methods were obtained simultaneously. Various cyclodextrins have similar trends of selective extraction effect on components, and have different extraction effects for molecule with different properties. The functional equation between the extraction capacity of various cyclodextrins and the structural properties of the constituents was established, and the correlation coefficient is good (r > 0.86). Conclusion Different types of cyclodextrins have a selective extraction effect on the compound in XZN, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection and application of cyclodextrin and its derivatives in traditional Chinese medicine.

Bioassay-guided isolation of saikosaponins with agonistic activity on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor from Bupleurum chinense and their potential use for the treatment of obesity / 中国天然药物

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT) receptor is one of the major targets of anti-obesity agents, due to its role in regulation of appetite. In the present study, the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Bupleurum chinense was revealed to have agonistic activity on 5-HT receptor, and the subsequent bioassay-guided isolation led to identification of several saikosaponins as the active constituents with 5-HT receptor agonistic activity in vitro and anti-obesity activity in vivo. The new compound, 22-oxosaikosaponin d (1), was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR). The primary structure-activity relationship study suggested that the intramolecular ether bond between C-13 and C-28 and the number of sugars at C-3 position were closely related to the 5-HT receptor agonistic activity. Saikosaponin a (3), the main saponin in B. chinense, showed obviously agonistic activity on 5-HT receptor with an EC value of 21.08 ± 0.33 μmol·Lin vitro and could reduce food intake by 39.1% and 69.2%, and weight gain by 13.6% and 16.4%, respectively, at 3.0 and 6.0 mg·kgin vivo. This investigation provided valuable information for the potential use of B. chinense as anti-obesity agent.