Clinical characteristics of five traditional Chinese medicine injections in treating heart failure based on Meta-analysis literature / 中国中药杂志

In this article, we analyze the clinical characteristics of five kinds of traditional Chinese medicine injections in treating heart failure based on Meta-analysis. A total of 24 Meta-analysis papers were included, which involved Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, Shengmai Injection, Danhong Injection and Huangqi Injection. The numbers of literatures of Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection and Shengmai Injection are high than the other two injections. The efficiencies of these injections combined with Western medicine are higher than the Western medicine used alone. They can improve 6 minute walk test result, ejection fraction, the level of brain peptide sodium and so on. Shenfu Injection can also improve the living quality of patients' life, heart rate and other indicators. Shenfu Injection can be used for patients with Yin deficiency, while Shenmai Injection can be used for patients with Yin deficiency and Shengmai Injection can be used for patients with Qi and Yin deficiency. From this information, we can see that Western medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine injections can significantly improve the clinical efficiency. These injections need to be used according to patients' symptom. In the present, as the quality of clinical research literature of traditional Chinese medicine injections is low, the efficiency and safety evaluation of Chinese medicine injections still requires higher level of clinical evidence.

Research Overview on Content Determination Methods of Total Flavonoids in Effective Parts of Chinese Materia Medica / 中国中医药信息杂志

The flavonoids are the active ingredients of many Chinese materia medica, with widespread biological activities and a wide range of clinical application. There are many types of flavonoids, and its chemical structure is complex. Quantitative analysis of only one or several valid / indexed components may not necessarily reflect the amount of total flavonoids, with some limitations. The content determination of total flavonoids in effective parts of Chinese materia medica is an important aspect of quality control. The main methods for determining total flavonoid content are as follows: UV-visible spectropho-tometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography, as well as near-infrared spectroscopy and so on. In this article, the methods and characteristics in the determination of total flavonoids in Chinese materia medica were reviewed, so as to provide references for the quality control of Chinese materia medica.

Some thoughts on definition of "Chinese materia medica components" / 中草药

"Chinese materia medica component" is one of the core concepts involved in the study of component-based Chinese medicine. The difference and connection among concepts of "Chinese materia medica component", "active ingredients", "active parts", and "extracts" are the first issue to be solved in the study of component-based Chinese medicine. According to the literature about Chinese materia medica components from 1999 to 2017, we try to define its concept. Chinese materia medica component is the basic unit of component compatibility, which comes from the effective part (s), and it is a group of components with high homogeneity or a certain proportion of the composition. Its chemical composition can be identified, and the proportion of each component is relatively fixed, and its activity is generally characterized and repeatable. Chinese materia medica components, active ingredients, effective parts, and extracts are all different forms of describing the efficacy substances of traditional Chinese medicines. The difference and connection between Chinese materia medica components and related concepts were also discussed. Hence, we hope that the results of this study may provide a reference for the researchers and experts in order to promote the further development of component-based Chinese medicine.

Development and application of component-based Chinese medicine theory / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription is the main therapies for disease prevention and treatment in Chinese medicine. Following the guidance of the theory of TCM and developing drug by composing prescriptions of TCM materials and pieces, it is a traditional application mode of TCM, and still widely used in clinic. TCM prescription has theoretical advantages and rich clinical application experience in dealing with multi-factor complex diseases, but scientific research is relatively weak. The lack of scientific cognition of the effective substances and mechanism of Chinese medicine leads to insufficient understanding of the efficacy regularity, which affects the stability of effect and hinders the improvement of quality of Chinese medicinal products. Component-based Chinese medicine (CCM) is an innovation based on inheritance, which breaks through the tradition of experience-based prescription and realize the transformation of compatibility from herbal pieces to components. CCM is an important achievement during the research process of modernization of Chinese medicine. Under the support of three national "973" projects, in order to reveal the scientific connotation of the prescription compatibility theory and develop innovative Chinese drugs, we have launched theoretical innovation and technological innovation around the "two relatively clear", and opened up the research field of CCM. CCM is an innovation based on inheritance, breaking through the tradition of experience based prescription, and realizing the transformation from compatibility of herbal pieces to component compatibility, which is an important achievement of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. In the past more than 10 years, with the deepening of research and the expansion of application, the theory and methods of CCM and efficacy-oriented compatibility have been continuously improved. The value of CCM is not only in developing new drug, more important is to build a communication bridge between traditional Chinese medicine and modern science and construct the system of key technologies which meet the need of innovation and development of TCM. This paper focused on the research progress, related concepts and technology development of CCM, as well as its application prospect in the theory research of Chinese medicine, development of innovative Chinese drugs, secondary development of Chinese patent medicine and upgrading of pharmaceutical technology.

Exploring the association rules of clinical application of shenmai injection through text mining / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the rules of clinical application of Shenmai Injection (SI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data sets of SI were downloaded from CBM database by the method of literature retrieved from Jan. 1980 to May 2012. Rules of Chinese medical patterns, diseases, symptoms, Chinese patent medicines (CPM), and Western medicine (WM) were mined out by data slicing algorithm, and they were demonstrated in frequency tables and two-dimension based network.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 3 159 literature were recruited. Results showed that SI was most frequently correlated with stasis syndrome and deficiency syndrome. Heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and shock were core diseases treated by SI. Symptoms such as angina pectoris, fatigue, chest tightness/pain were mainly relieved by SI. For CPM, SI was most commonly used with Compound Danshen Injection, Astragalus Injection, and so on. As for WM, SI was most commonly used with nitroglycerin, fructose, captopril, and so on.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The syndrome types and mining results of SI were the same with its instructions. Stasis syndrome was the potential Chinese medical pattern of SI. Heart failure, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction were potential diseases treated by SI. For CPM, SI was most commonly used with Danshen Injection, Compound Danshen Injection, and so on. And for WM, SI was most commonly used with nitroglycerin, fructose, captopril, and so on.</p>

Study on fingerprint of Cortex Fraxini with HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish fingerprint of Cortex Fraxini and provide reference for quality evaluation of Cortex Fraxini.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic experiments were performed on Agilent Extend C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), eluted with methanol and water, containing 0.4% acetic acid as the mobile phases in gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 0-60 min, 340 nm; 6-74 min, 254 nm; 74-75 min, 340 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). Forty samples in four varieties of Cortex Fraxini were detected to establish fingerprints, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Every parameter of the method validation complied with related rules and regulations. There were 15 common peaks in the fingerprint of 10 Fraxinus rhynchophylla samples, eleven common peaks in the fingerprint of 10 F. chinensis var. acuminata. samples, and in the fingerprint of 10 F. chinensis samples. Nineteen common peaks in the fingerprint of 10 F. stylosa samples. There were 5 common peaks in the fingerprints of 40 Cortex Fraxini samples. The similarity factors of the 10 samples of every species were all more than 0.96 compared with the control fingerprint. The similarity of the 40 Cortex Fraxini samples was more than 0.90. Four effective constituents and one unknown constituent were found in 40 samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fingerprints of F. rhynchophylla bark, F. chinensis bark, F. chinensis var. acuminata bark, F. stylosa bark and Cortex Fraxini were established. The methodological evaluation showed that the results were in accord with the technology requirements of chromatography fingerprint, and it laid a good foundation for quality control of Cortex Fraxini.</p>

Influence of match-pair of huanglian-rougui on rat intestinal absorption of total huanglian alkali / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the principle of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A rat intestinal model in vitro had been applied to investigate the absorption and transport characteristics of total huanglian alkali across intestinal mucosa, as well as the influence of match-pair of huanglian-rougui on its intestinal absorption. The identification of alkalis in primitive solution, serosal solution and intestinal homogenate were analyzed by TLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The transport and uptake characteristic of total alkali in huanglian solution was similar to berberine. The uptake and transport of total alkali across intestinal mucosa was concentration-and time-dependent. Transport directions had strong effects on the transport of total alkali. The amount of total alkali transport from serosal side to mucosal side was much more than that from mucosal side to serosal side. After matching with rougui as some ration, the intestinal absorption of total alkali increased significantly comparing with huanglian alone, and there was an optimal ration among match-pair of huanglian-rougui.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chemical reaction in vitro and intestinal absorption were the key factors of match-pair of huanglian-rougui.</p>