The environmental and socioeconomic benefits of optimized fertilization for greenhouse vegetables.

China produces more than half of global vegetables with greenhouse farms contributes approximately 35 % to the country's overall vegetable supply. The average nitrogen (N) application rate of greenhouse vegetable production exceeds 2000 kg N ha-1 yr-1, considerably contributing to global agricultural GHG emissions and reactive N (Nr) losses. Optimizing the N fertilizer utilization in greenhouse vegetable production is essential for mitigating environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development nationally and globally. In this study, we estimated the N footprint (NF), social costs (SC, which includes ecosystem and human health damage costs caused by Nr losses to the environment) and net ecosystem economic income (NEEI, which balances between the fertilizers input cost, yield profit, and social costs) of different greenhouse vegetables (tomato, pakchoi, lettuce, cabbage) under farmers' practice (FP) and reduced fertilization treatment (R). Results showed that compared with FP, the NF of tomato, pakchoi, lettuce and cabbage in the R treatment decreased by 61 %, 29 %, 46 % and 36 %, respectively, and the social costs were decreased by 60 %, 48 %, 57 % and 50 %, respectively. On the regional scale, the reduction in N fertilizer use for greenhouse vegetables in Beijing only could save the fertilizer input cost by 1-5 million USD, and avoided SC would increase by 1-14 million USD. As a result, this increased the NEEI by 2-19million USD. This study has demonstrated that adopting reduced fertilization practices represents a cost-effective measure that not only ensures yields but also decrease social costs, NF, and improve the benefits to help achieve sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production.

PD-1 blockade and radiotherapy combination for advanced Epstein-Barr virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignant tumor of biliary epithelial cells, known for its extremely unfavorable prognosis. In the absence of intervention, patients typically survive for less than 5 months. Current guidelines from the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommend chemotherapy-based systemic therapy as the standard treatment for advanced ICC. However, the first-line regimen, consisting of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin, generally results in a median survival of approximately one year, which is considered suboptimal. Significant progress has been made in radiotherapy techniques, molecular diagnostics, and tumor immune microenvironments. The integration of immune and radiation therapies has revolutionized treatment strategies for cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, combined therapeutic regimens have shown promising results in improving survival rates among patients with advanced ICC. In this study, we present a case report of a 70-year-old male patient diagnosed with stage IV ICC, featuring metastases to the retroperitoneal, left adrenal, and left supraclavicular lymph nodes. The patient exhibited a high tumor mutational load, significant microsatellite instability, and hyper-expression of PD-L1 (90%), along with positive Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER). Pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, was administered in conjunction with radiotherapy. As a result, considerable shrinkage and inactivation of the primary foci were observed, accompanied by the disappearance of metastases. Ultimately, the patient achieved complete remission and maintained progression-free survival for 41 months following the initial treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the longest case of complete remission using a combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy as a first-line regimen for the high tumor mutational load, microsatellite instability, and PD-L1 expression (90%) subtype of Epstein-Barr virus-associated ICC (EBVaICC). These findings suggest that the combination of PD-1 inhibitors with radiotherapy may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating this particular cancer subtype.

Analysis of treatment effect of 125I seed implantation in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 125I seed implantation in the treatment of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC). Methods:Fourteen patients (8 males, 6 females, age: (62.0±10.7) years) with RAIR-DTC confirmed by pathology or imaging examination in the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College between July 2017 and March 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by CT. Ultrasound, CT, 125I-SPECT/CT or MRI were performed at 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months after the implantation to evaluate the changes of lesion volume, and serum thyroglobulin (Tg), as well as symptom relief were monitored and recorded. The paired t-test was used for data analysis. Results:The 125I seeds were successfully implanted (16 operations) in 14 patients with 25 lesions. Patients were followed up for 3-44 months (median: 6.5(4.5, 11.5) months). The total effective rate was 60.0%(15/25) and the total local control rate was 96.0%(24/25). The effective rate for metastatic lymph nodes was 10/17, and the local control rate was 16/17. The effective rate and the local control rate for local recurrence were 1/3 and 3/3 respectively, and those for bone metastasis were both 3/3, those for sinus metastasis were 0/1 and 1/1 respectively, and those for lung metastasis were both 1/1. In 8 patients with clinical symptoms, symtoms of 4 cases were completely relieved, those of 3 cases were partially relieved and 1 case had no remission. The Tg level and the tumor length were both decreased after operation ((245.99±44.85) μg/L vs (330.38±50.78) μg/L, t=2.92, P=0.010; (2.71±0.34) cm vs (3.78±0.27) cm, t=3.13, P=0.007). Conclusions:125I seed implantation, as a supplementary treatment for RAIR-DTC, is safe and effective. It has a good effect against metastatic and local recurrent lesions.

[Effect of wheat-grain moxibustion at Yinbai (SP 1) on the menstrual period prolongation after IVF-ET down-regulation treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect between wheat-grain moxibustion at Yinbai (SP 1) and oral administration of dydrogesterone tablet for menstrual period prolongation after down-regulation treatment of in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: A total of 54 patients with prolonged menstrual period after down-regulation treatment of IVF-ET were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 27 cases in each one. In the observation group, when the menstrual period delayed more than 7 days, the wheat-grain moxibustion at Yinbai (SP 1) was performed, once a day, with an interval of 1 day between two 3-day treatments; when the menstrual blood was cleaned, the ovulation was continued and the eggs were taken. In the control group, when the menstrual period delayed more than 7 days, the oral administration of dydrogesterone tablet was provided, 10 mg each time, twice a day; when the menstrual blood was cleaned, the ovulation was continued and the eggs were taken. The number of days for menstrual blood to be cleaned, the area change of uterine cavity hemorrhage, the morphology of endometrium, the blood supply of endometrium, the number of oocytes obtained, the grade of frozen embryo and the clinical effect were observed between the two groups after treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the number of days for menstrual blood to be cleaned was shorter in the observation group after treatment (P<0.05); the area of uterine cavity hemorrhage in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05); the morphology of endometrium and the supply of blood flow in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the number of oocytes obtained and available frozen embryo between the two groups (P>0.05). The cured rate in the observation group was 100.0% (27/27), higher than 33.3% (9/27) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The wheat-grain moxibustion at Yinbai (SP 1) could more effectively treat prolonged menstrual period after IVF-ET down-regulation treatment, which is beneficial to the preparation of the endometrium, and has no effect on the oocyte collection and embryo culture.

[Ecological Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Subtropical Paddy Soils].

This study aims to understand the existence of stable soil organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ratios in paddy soil. Based on a field soil survey database, the ecological stoichiometry of the C:N:P ratio of 110 subtropical paddy soil profiles and 587 genetic horizons were analyzed at a regional scale. Relevant analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) are used to study the relationships between C:N:P ratios and soil-environmental factors (topography, parent materials, soil genetic horizons, soil groups, soil physical, and chemical properties). The results showed that the weighted averages of C:N, C:P, and N:P in paddy soils of subtropical regions were 12.6, 49, and 3.9, respectively, and C:N:P was 38:3.2:1. The C:N of paddy soil did not vary significantly with parent materials, soil groups, or genetic horizons. However, the C:P and N:P variations were significantly different, and the mean values of the two were much lower than global ratios (186 and 13.1) and average levels of C:P and N:P in Chinese soils (136 and 9.3). Although the C:N:P ratio in the paddy soil profile was relatively unstable, the topsoil C:N (14.2) was relatively stable due to the strong interaction between the topsoil and the environment. This reflects the close coupling of C and N in the topsoil of paddy fields under long-term anthrostagnic maturation. However, in the paddy soil profile, C:P and N:P were not stable, and there was no significant correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC) and total P content, total N, or total P content, which suggests that environmental changes may lead to soil C:N:P decoupling. It was found that topography, soil texture, iron oxide, and bulk density are all key soil-environmental factors that regulate the soil profile of rice paddy C:N:P.

[Determination of six active ingredients in different parts of Belamcanda chinensis and Iris tectorum and their anti-inflammatory activity].

In order to explore the anti-inflammatory activity and active ingredient basis from the leaves of the Belamcanda chinensis and Iris tectorum, we established an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of six anti-inflammatory active ingredient contents in the root of the B. chinensis and I. tectorum as well as their leaves with different dry methods, and the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were studied by the mouse ear swelling experiment. The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent WondaSil© C18-WR(4.6 mm×250 mm，5 µm)，with isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid solution at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL·min⁻¹ and the detection was carried out at 265 nm. The chemical compositions of the B. chinensis and I. tectorum are similar but the contents of them are obviously different. Both rhizome and leaf extract of B. chinensis and I. tectorum had inhibitory effects on inflamed mice induced by dimethylbenzene and had anti-inflammatory effects by animal experiment, which could lay the material and active foundation for the development of the non-medicinal parts of the B. chinensis and I. tectorum.

Influence of tea saponin on enhancing accessibility of pyrene and cadmium phytoremediated with Lolium multiflorum in co-contaminated soils.

Tea saponin (TS), a kind of biodegradable surfactant, was chosen to improve the accessible solubilization of pyrene and cadmium (Cd) in co-contaminated soils cultivated Lolium multiflorum. TS obviously improved the accessibility of pyrene and Cd for L. multiflorum to accelerate the process of accumulation and elimination of the pollutants. The chemical forms of Cd was transformed from Fe-Mn oxides and associated to carbonates fractions into exchangeable fractions by adding TS in single Cd and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. Moreover, the chemical forms of pyrene were transformed from associated fraction into bioaccessible fraction by adding TS in pyrene and pyrene-Cd contaminated soils. In pyrene-Cd contaminated soil, the exchangeable fraction of Cd was hindered in the existence of pyrene, and bioaccessible fraction of pyrene was promoted by the cadmium. Besides, in the process of the pyrene degradation and Cd accumulation, the effect could be improved by the elongation of roots with adding TS, and the microorganism activity was stimulated by TS to accelerate the removal of pollutions. Therefore, Planting L. multiflorum combined with adding TS would be an effective method on the phytoremediation of organics and heavy metals co-contaminated soils.

Investigation on Molecular Mechanism of Fibroblast Regulation and the Treatment of Recurrent Oral Ulcer by Shuizhongcao Granule-Containing Serum.

The purpose is to study the intervention, proliferation, and differentiation on fibroblast by Shuizhongcao Granule during the treatment of ROU and investigate the action mechanism in inflammatory microenvironment. Proliferation of rat fibroblasts was detected using CCK8. Western blot was used to detect the effect of drug-containing serum on the expression of protein associated with NF-κB and ERK pathway in rat fibroblasts. Expression of IL-10 and IL-12 was detected by PCR. Shuizhongcao Granule group successfully inhibited proliferation of rat fibroblast. Western blot results revealed that p65 and IKKB were significantly less expressed in Chinese medicine group, while pIκBα and pIKKαß expression were significantly increased. We have also found that in this group the expression of pAKT was evidently suppressed and expression of pERK significantly decreased. PCR results showed significantly decreased expression levels of IL-10 and 1IL-12b in Chinese medicine group, while the expression of IL-12a was increased. Our results suggest that Shuizhongcao Granule can suppress the proliferation of fibroblast and inhibit the activation of NF-κB and thus suppress inflammatory reactions, possibly involving the inhibited expression of phosphorylated AKT, rather than the canonical pathway. Furthermore, it can inhibit ERK pathway and reduce IL-10 and IL-12b gene expression while enhancing IL-12a expression.

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing versus cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult posttraumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively common mental disorder, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of ∼5.7%. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are the most often studied and most effective psychotherapies for PTSD. However, evidence is inadequate to conclude which treatment is superior. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to confirm the effectiveness of EMDR compared to CBT for adult PTSD. We searched Medline, PubMed, Ebsco, Proquest, and Cochrane (1989-2013) to identify relevant randomized control trials comparing EMDR and CBT for PTSD. We included 11 studies (N = 424). Although all the studies had methodological limitations, meta-analyses for total PTSD scores revealed that EMDR was slightly superior to CBT. Cumulative meta-analysis confirmed this and a meta-analysis for subscale scores of PTSD symptoms indicated that EMDR was better for decreased intrusion and arousal severity compared to CBT. Avoidance was not significantly different between groups. EMDR may be more suitable than CBT for PTSD patients with prominent intrusion or arousal symptoms. However, the limited number and poor quality of the original studies included suggest caution when drawing final conclusions.

Danggui-shaoyao-san, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, alleviates the orthodontic pain and inhibits neuronal and microglia activation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The pain caused by orthodontic treatment has been considered as tough problems in orthodontic practice. Danggui-shaoyao-san (DSS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription which has long been used for pain treatment and possesses antioxidative, cognitive enhancing and antidepressant effects. We raise the hypothesis that DSS exerts analgesic effect for orthodontic pain via inhibiting the activations of neuron and microglia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DSS was given twice a day from day 5 prior to experimental tooth movement (ETM). Directed face grooming and vacuous chewing movements (VCM) were evaluated. Immunofluorescent histochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to quantify the Iba-1 (microglia activation) and Fos (neuronal activation) expression levels in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis (Vc).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ETM significantly increased directed face grooming and VCM which reached the peak at post-operative day (POD) 1 and gradually decreased to the baseline at POD 7. However, a drastic peak increase of Fos expression in Vc was observed at 4 hours and gradually decreased to baseline at POD 7; while the increased Iba-1 level reached the peak at POD 1 and gradually decreased to baseline at POD 7. Furthermore, pre-treatment with DSS significantly attenuated the ETM induced directed face grooming and VCM as well as the Fos and Iba-1 levels at POD 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment with DSS had significant analgesic effects on ETM-induced pain, which was accompanied with inhibition of both neuronal and microglial activation.</p>

Treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea patients by yigan fupi decoction: a randomized controlled trial / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yigan Fupi Decoction (YFD) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized controlled clinical trail was carried out in patients with IBS-D. All patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (58 cases, treated with YFD) and the control group (58 cases, treated with Pinaverium Bromide Tablet). The treatment course was 4 weeks for all patients. The total effective rate, the stool property and state, the quality of life (QOL), and TCM syndrome efficacy were assessed by IBS bowel symptom severity scale (IBS-BSS), IBS defecation state questionnaire (IBS-DSQ), IBS quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and traditional Chinese medicine pattern curative effect scoring system (TCM-PES) before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (82.76% vs. 77.59%, P > 0.05). The treatment group was superior in the total IBS-BSS integral to the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of improving the stool property was better in the treatment group than in the control group (81.03% vs. 72.41%, P < 0.05). Besides, the number of days for emergent defecation among 10 days was less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The improvement of the total IBS-QOL integral and the total integral of TCM syndrome were better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The total effective rate of TCM-PES was better in the treatment group than in the control group (84.48% vs. 70.69%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YFD was effective in the treatment of IBS-D patients of Gan-qi invading Pi syndrome, and could effectively relieve bowel symptoms, improve the stool property and the defecation frequency, elevate their QOL, and attenuate Gan-qi invading Pi syndrome with favorable safety and compliance.</p>

A research on effects of traditional Chinese medicine combined with early enteral nutrition for treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To analyze the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with early enteral nutrition(EN)for treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods 70 SAP patients were randomly divided into TCM plus EN group(36 cases)and conventional therapy group(34 cases). Both groups received routine treatment. Additionally,TCM+EN group received early EN and TCM decoction treatment〔the ingredients of decoction including radix bupleuri,radix paeoniae alba,radix scutellariae,fructus aurantii immaturus, magnolia bark,raw rhubarb(rhubarb was added at last during cooking the decoction)and natrii sulfas exsiccatus (dissolved in water to be administered)each 10 g,the decoction was concentrated to 150 mL and then administered via a stomach tube to the patient,afterwards the tube was clipped for 2.5-3 hours,twice a day,4-7 days constituting a therapeutic course〕. After treatment,the time for patients' symptoms improvement,the situation of intestinal recovery, the length of stay in hospital,the total medical cost,serum C-reactive protein(CRP),aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase (AMY), acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score and complications,intensive care unit(ICU)transfer rate and case fatality rate in two groups were observed. Results The time for symptoms improvement of abdominal tenderness(day:1.68±1.01 vs. 3.89±1.07), abdominal distension(day:2.17±1.48 vs. 4.24±3.23),abdominal pain(day:3.12±1.14 vs. 4.94±3.21)and the intestinal recovery of exhaust defecation time(day:3.48±0.92 vs. 5.32±3.30)of SAP patients after treatment in the TCM+EN group were faster significantly than those in the conventional therapy group(all P0.05). Among the 70 patients with SAP,the cause of the disease due to gallstone accounted for 55.72%,hyperlipidemia for 37.14%,alcoholic for 4.28%and other 2.86%. Conclusion The use of TCM combined with early EN for treatment of patients with SAP can enhance the curative effect of SAP,reduce the hospitalization time and the total cost of patients,and decrease complications and mortality,that is conducive to the faster recovery of patients.

The association of XPC polymorphisms and tea drinking with colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population.

The xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is responsible for removal of bulky helix-distorting DNA lesions. Several polymorphisms of XPC gene may modulate the colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. We assessed the association of XPC Lys939Gln (A/C), Ala499Val (C/T), and PAT (-/+) polymorphisms with CRC risk in a population-based case-control study which included 421 CRC patients and 845 controls. For Lys939Gln, the CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC (odds ratio (OR)=1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.0-2.2) compared with the AA genotype. The subjects with PAT +/+ genotype had a significantly increased risk of CRC (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1.0-2.3), compared with those with PAT-/- genotype. Though no significant association between Ala499Val and CRC risk was observed, we found that individuals carrying the CT+TT genotypes showed a significantly decreased risk of rectal cancer (OR=0.7; 95% CI=0.5-1.0). Additionally, the haplotype C+C was associated with a significantly increased CRC risk (OR=1.3; 95% CI=1.0-1.6), compared with the most common haplotype A-T. Further, individuals with four or more risk alleles exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC (OR=1.4; 95% CI=1.0-2.0), with a significant gene-dosage effect (P for trend=0.038). Besides, never tea drinking was associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.7-3.3). Our results suggest that the XPC polymorphisms may modulate CRC susceptibility independently or jointly, and tea drinking has a protective effect on CRC.

[Environmental impacts on periphyton assemblage in Shanghai's main urban rivers, China].

A monthly monitoring program of periphyton was conducted on two main urban rivers of Shanghai from April 2005 to March 2006. Parameters of periphyton assemblage and main environmental variations, including physical habitation and hydrological factors, were analyzed by multivariate analyses (cluster analysis, indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis). It showed that a remarkable spatial-temporal variation pattern was observed for periphyton assemblage: taxa numbers and density were abundant at upstream in warm weathers, while diversity decreased significantly at downstream in cold seasons (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that water quality, watershed function zone and nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) were the main environmental factors influencing periphyton species composition. The findings further suggested 12 periphyton species, including Navicula cincta, Chroococcus minutus and Fragilaria capucina, had significant indicator values for water quality and were highly sensitive to the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, and these species could serve as a good bio-indicator of urban watersheds.

[Research advances in mechanism of high phosphorus use efficiency of plants].

Phosphorus deficiency is one of the main factors influencing agricultural and forestry productions. Fertilization and soil improvement are the major measures to meet the demand of phosphorus for crops in traditional agriculture and forestry management. Recently, the plants with high phosphorus use efficiency have been discovered to replace the traditional measures to improve phosphorus use efficiency of crops. This paper reviewed the research advances in the morphological, physiological and genetics mechanisms of plants with high phosphorus use efficiency. There were three mechanisms for the plants with high phosphorus use efficiency to grow under phosphorus stress: (1) under low phosphorus stress, the root morphology would change (root system grew fast, root axes became small, the number and density of lateral root increased) and more photosynthesis products would transport from the crown to the root, (2) under low phosphorus stress, plant root exudation increased, mycorrhizae invaded into root system, the feature of root absorption kinetics changed, and the internal phosphorus cycling of plant reinforced to tolerate phosphorus deficiency, and (3) under long selection stress of low phosphorus, some plants would form the genetic properties of phosphorus nutrition that could exploit the hardly soluble phosphorus in the soil.

The suppression of melatonin on mouse oocyte in vitro maturation of mouse / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study whether melatonin has effect on oocyte maturation of mouse in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse oocytes were cultured in maturation medium, HX-medium, or HX-medium supplemented with FSH, and the effects of MT on meiotic maturation of mouse oocyte were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) MT at all doses of 0.1 g/L, 0.02 g/L, 0.4 g/L or 0.8 g/L inhibited the formation of PB1 in CEO cultured in maturation medium and had no effect on GVBD. (2) MT could delay GVBD and the extrusion of PB1 in CEOs of mouse oocytes by dynamic curves. In contrast to the control, GVBD and PB1 extrusion of oocytes in the treated groups had been delayed by 8-10 hours and 3-4 hours respectively. (3) MT inhibited the effect of FSH on resumption of meiosis, but no effect on the formation of PB1. (4) MT and HX had cooperation effects on spontaneous oocyte maturation in CEO, but not in DO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MT is able to affect mouse oocyte maturation and the regulation mechanisms may be related to cumulus cells.</p>