RESUMEN
The transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells has been implicated in the context of vascular calcification. We investigated the roles of vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs in response to vitamin D3 using in vitro VSMCs cultures and in vivo in Vdr knockout (Vdr(-/-)) and Runx2 carboxy-terminus truncated heterozygous (Runx2(+/ΔC)) mice. Treatment of VSMCs with active vitamin D3 promoted matrix mineral deposition, and increased the expressions of Vdr, Runx2, and of osteoblastic genes but decreased the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain in primary VSMCs cultures. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested an interaction between Vdr and Runx2. Furthermore, silencing Vdr or Runx2 attenuated the procalcific effects of vitamin D3. Functional cooperation between Vdr and Runx2 in vascular calcification was also confirmed in in vivo mouse models. Vascular calcification induced by high-dose vitamin D3 was completely inhibited in Vdr(-/-) or Runx2(+/ΔC) mice, despite elevated levels of serum calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Collectively, these findings suggest that functional cooperation between Vdr and Runx2 is necessary for vascular calcification in response to vitamin D3.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Colecalciferol/efectos adversos , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Calcificación Vascular , Animales , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Colecalciferol/farmacología , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología , Ratas , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Calcificación Vascular/inducido químicamente , Calcificación Vascular/genética , Calcificación Vascular/metabolismo , Calcificación Vascular/patologíaRESUMEN
Little attention has been paid to health status issues among elderly individuals in Korea. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to develop a better understanding of relationship between a number of socioeconomic factors and subjective social status affecting risk behaviors and health status among Korean elderly. Path analyses of 9,585 Korean elderly provided findings that those who reported a higher level of socioeconomic status were less likely to engage in risk behaviors and thus more likely to have better health status. Further, those who reported a higher level of socio-economic status were more likely to have a higher level of subjective social status and thus have better health status. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.