Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract.

Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.

Triceps surae muscle-tendon unit mechanical property changes during 10 minutes of streching.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of 10-min static stretching on the triceps surae mechanical properties. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental one-group pre test-post test study compared the time points of before, after, and minute by minute of one session of triceps surae passive static stretching. METHODS: 15 participants performed a 10-min plantar flexor passive static stretching on the isokinetic dynamometer. We evaluated passive torque and myotendinous junction (MTJ) displacement before, minute by minute, and after the intervention. In contrast, we evaluated the range of motion (ROM), passive torque, MTJ displacement, and hysteresis before and after the intervention. Paired t-test compared pre and post-intervention time points. Passive torque and MTJ displacement in the minute-by-minute evaluations were compared by repeated measures one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: ROM increased (effect size d = 0.56) and passive torque and muscle-tendon unit stiffness decreased (effect size d = 0.65 and d = 0.73, respectively) post-stretching. There was a reduction only in passive torque in the minute-by-minute evaluation, mainly at minutes five and seven. CONCLUSIONS: passive torque decreased over a 10-min static stretching session of the ankle plantar flexors, followed by a ROM increase and muscle-tendon unit, a stiffness decrease.

Acute effects of whole-body vibration on spinal excitability level and ankle plantar flexion spasticity in post-stroke individuals: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects (up to 30 min) of whole-body vibration (WBV) on spinal excitability level and ankle plantar flexion spasticity in chronic stroke subjects. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects (age 30-70 years old) with chronic stroke and ankle plantar flexion spasticity were randomly assigned to the vibration group (VG, n = 11) or the control group (CG, n = 10). Subjects in the VG underwent 10 minutes of WBV with a frequency of 35 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm. Subjects in the CG remained on the platform for 10 min without receiving vibratory stimulus. The spinal excitability level was estimated by the Hmax/Mmax ratio extracted from the H-reflex with simple stimulus examination. The value of the second/first wave ratio (H2/H1 ratio) at the peak of the first facilitation was also considered through the recovery curve with double stimulation. Spasticity was estimated by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and global perception of change. All outcomes were assessed before and at 10, 20, and 30 min after the WBV, except for MAS, which was evaluated only 10 min after WBV. RESULTS: No between-group differences were found in either the spinal excitability level or plantar flexor spasticity at the three evaluated moments after WBV. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that WBV does not reduce spinal excitability level or spasticity of the plantar flexor muscles in chronic stroke patients in the first 30 min after vibratory stimulus.

Bioguided Purification of Active Compounds from Leaves of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul.

Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a medicinal plant found throughout the Brazilian semi-arid area. This work performed a bioguided purification of active substances present in ethyl acetate extract from A. colubrina leaves. The anti-Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant actions were used as markers of bioactivity. The extract was subjected to flash chromatography resulting in five fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). The fractions F2 and F4 presented the highest antimicrobial action, with a dose able to inhibit 50% of bacteria growth (IN50) of 19.53 µg/mL for S. aureus UFPEDA 02; whereas F4 showed higher inhibitory action towards DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) [dose able to inhibit 50% of the radical (IC50) = 133 ± 9 µg/mL]. F2 and F4 were then subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), resulting in the identification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and hyperoside as the major compounds in F2 and F4, respectively. Hyperoside and p-hydroxybenzoic acid presented IN50 values of 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 02, respectively. However, the hyperoside had an IN50 of 62.5 µg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 705, a clinical isolate with multidrug resistant phenotype. Among the purified compounds, the proanthocyanidins obtained from F2 exhibited the higher antioxidant potentials. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of A. colubrina leaves as an alternative source of biomolecules of interest for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves showed higher polyphenol presence, antioxidant and antifungal activity and promoted cell proliferation in mice splenocytes.

Currently, the research of new natural compounds with biological potential demonstrates great ethnopharmacological importance. In this study, we evaluated the biological properties promoted by saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC leaves, whose objective is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential. Phytochemical characterization was performed by UPLC-MS chromatography to identify the chemical compounds. For the antioxidant potential, DPPH, ATT and FRAP methods were used. The antibacterial and antifungal tests were performed evaluating the MIC50, MIC90, CMB and CMF parameters. Moreover, antibiofilm action was evaluated. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were performed using splenocytes from Balb/c mice and were evaluated by cytometry. We found a list of phenolic compounds among other bioactive compounds in the M. emarginata saline extract. In addition, higher antioxidant profile and antifungal activity against different strains of Candida spp. was promoted by the saline extract. Splenocytes showed greater cell viability (more than 90%) and showed higher proliferate index in 24 and 48 hours of incubation with the extract. Saline extract from Malpighia emarginata DC has potential action like antioxidant and antifungal agent without promote animal cell damage.

Evaluation of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract from leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus (Combretaceae).

OBJECTIVES: This work evaluated the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) promoted by aqueous extract from Conocarpus erectus leaves (AELCe). METHODS: The extract was characterized by thin layer chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Cytotoxicity of AELCe (6.25-50 µg/ml) was investigated using annexin V and propidium iodide. Cytokine and nitric oxide levels in PBMCs culture supernatants exposed or not to AELCe (12.5 µg/ml) were determined, and antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. KEY FINDINGS: AELCe contained 3',4'-OH flavonoids, phenylpropanoglycosides, saponins, polymeric proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Moreover, 10 other compounds were identified through UPLC-MS technique. AELCe did not affect lymphocyte viability at 6.25 and 12.5 µg/ml. IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and nitric oxide was produced in higher levels by cells treated with AELCe. Proliferation and activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes were also stimulated. AELCe showed bacteriostatic activity against clinical and antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC between 250 and 1000 µg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: AELCe showed a moderate bacteriostatic activity and promoted an immunomodulatory status through higher production of Th1 cytokines, nitric oxide release and T CD8+ lymphocytes stimulation.

Abdominal and pelvic floor electromyographic analysis during abdominal hypopressive gymnastics.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal hypopressive gymnastics appeared as an alternative to traditional abdominal exercises to promote abdominal muscles strength without overloading the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). To determine the activation level of abdominal muscles and PFM and the posture influence in the level of activation in these muscles during abdominal hypopressive gymnastics, we used surface electromyography in young and healthy multipara women. METHODS: This is an observational study with eutrophic nulliparous women aged between 18 and 35 years, with abdominal skinfold less than or equal to 3 cm and active or irregularly active physical activity. Surface electromyography was used for rectus abdominis, external oblique, transversus abdominal/internal oblique (TrA/IO) and PFM assessment in the supine, quadruped and orthostatic (upright standing) positions during abdominal hypopressive gymnastics using normalized electromyographic (%EMG) data. We also analyzed the difference in activation between each muscle and between muscles and positions. RESULTS: Thirty women were evaluated and the mean age was 25.77 years (SD 3.29). The group formed by the TrA/IO muscles and the PFM showed higher %EMG in all the positions assessed, followed by the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. A comparison of %EMG of each muscle between the different positions showed differences only in rectus abdominis between the supine and quadruped (p = 0.001) and supine and orthostatic positions (p = 0.004), and in TrA/IO between the supine and orthostatic (p = 0.023) and orthostatic and quadruped positions (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that abdominal hypopressive gymnastics can activate the abdominal muscles and PFM and the position do not have influence on electromyographic activation level of the PFM and external oblique.

Evaluation of embryotoxic and embryostatic effects of the aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle and tannic acid on eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti.

Rhizophora mangle is an abundant plant in mangroves and tannic acid is a polyphenol produced by the secondary metabolism of plants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the embryotoxic and embriostatic effects of the aqueous extract of R. mangle and synthetic tannic acid on eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti. A. aegypti eggs were exposed in duplicate at concentrations of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg/mL of extract and tannic acid for a period of 14 days. Mineral water was used as a negative control. The eggs were observed and counted in a stereomicroscope (1.2x). In all extract concentrations there was stimulation in hatching in relation to the control, but only in concentration of 750 mg/mL it was statistically significant. In tannic acid (250µg/ml) there was significant stimulus in hatching, but in 500, 750 and 1000 µg/mL there was significant inhibition. All concentrations of aqueous extract and tannic acid on larvae showed embryotoxic and embryostatic effects when compared to the control. The aqueous extract of R. mangle showed effect on hatching of A. aegypti eggs and synthetic tannic acid showed embryotoxic and embryostatic effects. On larvae, both the aqueous extract as tannic acid showed embryotoxic and embryostatic effects.

Therapeutic nursing care: transition in sexuality of the elderly caregiving spouse.

Objective: To understand the transitions experienced, and the conditions and expected response patterns to changes in sexuality of the spouse-caregiver of the elderly, during progression of the dementia process. Method: A qualitative research study, conducted at the neurogeriatric clinic between May of 2014 and May of 2015. An intensive, individual interview was administered to 12 elderly caregivers. Thematic content analysis was applied, using the theoretical model of Transition Theory. Results: Seven categories emerged, involving relationship and conjugal sexuality; disease repercussions; care and professional approach; attitudes, beliefs and social imagery of sexuality and care; family relationship and redefining of sexuality. Final considerations: Family development and marital life, the aspects of formation and development of sexuality, the specifics that involved living and caring for the other were understood, with successive events and changes influenced by old age, dementia, beliefs and social imagery.

Objetivo: compreender as transições vivenciadas, suas condições e os padrões de resposta esperados a mudanças na sexualidade do cônjuge-cuidador do idoso em processo demencial. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada no ambulatório de neurogeriatria, entre maio de 2014 e maio de 2015. Aplicou-se a entrevista individual e intensiva a 12 cônjuges-cuidadores de idosos. Fez-se a análise de conteúdo temática, com aplicação do modelo teórico da Teoria das Transições. Resultados: emergiram sete categorias, que envolveram relação e sexualidade conjugal; repercussões da doença; o cuidado e a abordagem profissional; atitudes, crenças e imaginário social de sexualidade e cuidado; relação familiar e ressignificação de sexualidade. Considerações finais: compreendeu-se a construção de vida familiar e conjugal; os aspectos de formação e desenvolvimento da sexualidade; as especificidades que envolvem viver e cuidar do outro, com sucessivos acontecimentos e mudanças influenciados pela velhice, por processo demencial, crenças e imaginário social.

Therapeutic nursing care: transition in sexuality of the elderly caregiving spouse / Cuidados terapéuticos de enfermería: transiciones de la sexualidad del cónyuge cuidadores de ancianos / Cuidado terapêutico de enfermagem: transições da sexualidade do cônjuge-cuidador do idoso

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the transitions experienced, and the conditions and expected response patterns to changes in sexuality of the spouse-caregiver of the elderly, during progression of the dementia process. Method: A qualitative research study, conducted at the neurogeriatric clinic between May of 2014 and May of 2015. An intensive, individual interview was administered to 12 elderly caregivers. Thematic content analysis was applied, using the theoretical model of Transition Theory. Results: Seven categories emerged, involving relationship and conjugal sexuality; disease repercussions; care and professional approach; attitudes, beliefs and social imagery of sexuality and care; family relationship and redefining of sexuality. Final considerations: Family development and marital life, the aspects of formation and development of sexuality, the specifics that involved living and caring for the other were understood, with successive events and changes influenced by old age, dementia, beliefs and social imagery.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las transiciones experimentadas, sus condiciones y patrones de respuesta esperados em el cambio de la sexualidad de los cónyuges cuidadores de ancianos em proceso de demencia. Método: investigación cualitativa, llevada a cabo em la clínica neurogeriatrica entre mayo de 2014 y mayo de 2015. Se aplicó una entrevista individual e intensiva a 12 cónyuges cuidadores de los ancianos. Se hizo análisis de contenido temático com el modelo teórico de la Teoría de las Transiciones. Resultados: siete categorias surgieron, que implican relación conyugal y la sexualidad; repercusiones de la enfermedad; atención y enfoque profesional; las actitudes, creencias y imágenes sociales de la sexualidad y el cuidado; relaciones familiares y resignificación de la sexualidad. Consideraciones finales: se comprendió la construcción de la vida conyugal y familiar; aspectos de la formación y eldesarrollo de la sexualidad; las especificidades de viver y dar atención para elotro, com los sucesivos eventos y cambios influenciados por la vejez, el proceso de la demencia, las creencias y la imaginación social.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as transições vivenciadas, suas condições e os padrões de resposta esperados a mudanças na sexualidade do cônjuge-cuidador do idoso em processo demencial. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada no ambulatório de neurogeriatria, entre maio de 2014 e maio de 2015. Aplicou-se a entrevista individual e intensiva a 12 cônjuges-cuidadores de idosos. Fez-se a análise de conteúdo temática, com aplicação do modelo teórico da Teoria das Transições. Resultados: emergiram sete categorias, que envolveram relação e sexualidade conjugal; repercussões da doença; o cuidado e a abordagem profissional; atitudes, crenças e imaginário social de sexualidade e cuidado; relação familiar e ressignificação de sexualidade. Considerações finais: compreendeu-se a construção de vida familiar e conjugal; os aspectos de formação e desenvolvimento da sexualidade; as especificidades que envolvem viver e cuidar do outro, com sucessivos acontecimentos e mudanças influenciados pela velhice, por processo demencial, crenças e imaginário social.

Orange juice as dietary source of antioxidants for patients with hepatitis C under antiviral therapy.

Background: HCV causes alterations in liver metabolism, resulting in biochemical and nutritional disorders. Supplementation with antioxidants has been suggested to minimize the diseases effects. Objective: This study assessed whether orange juice, a source of citrus flavonoids and vitamin C, may contribute to the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Design: Anthropometric, hemodynamic, dietary, and biochemical parameters, CRP and liver enzymes were measured in 43 adult patients of both genders who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and were under antiviral therapy. Twenty-three patients were supplemented with orange juice for eight consecutive weeks, while 20 were enrolled as control group. Results: Following regular use of orange juice, no alterations were found in body mass, fat, and waist circumference. The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, CRP and parameters of oxidative stress decreased in the orange juice group. Furthermore, the levels of the liver enzyme AST decreased in those who had high levels before the intervention. Conclusion: The orange juice was a convenient food in the diet of patients due to the increase in antioxidant capacity and decreased inflammation and cholesterol in blood serum, in addition to maintaining body mass, which protect against the harmful effects caused by the chronic hepatitis C virus.​​​.

Acute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation.

Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50µg ml-1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

Produção científica de enfermagem acerca da eutanásia: revisão integrativa da literatura / Producción científica de enfermería sobre la eutanasia: revisión integradora / The nursing’s scientific production on euthanasia: integrative literature review

Objective: to describe how euthanasia has been approached in Brazilian scientific publications authored by nurses and to discuss about the described bioethics aspects related to euthanasia. Method: this was an integrative literature review based on the BDENF, SciELO, and LILACS databases using the terms euthanasia and nursing as descriptors in complete texts in Portuguese. Results: a total of 24 articles were found, among them 6 contained complete texts; however, only 4 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria and established consistent relationship with the subject. Conclusion: the theme is little discussed in the national level by nursing researchers. The selected studies did not address only euthanasia but included the end of one's life, palliative care, dystanasia, orthothanasia, and other actors involved in the decision-making process about one's death.

Objetivo: descrever como a eutanásia tem sido abordada nas publicações científicas nacionais realizadas por enfermeiros e discutir sobre os aspectos bioéticos descritos relacionados à eutanásia. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados BDENF, SciELO e LILACS, por meio dos descritores eutanásia e enfermagem, utilizando-se textos completos e em português. Resultados: foram encontrados 24 artigos, dos quais 06 possuíam texto completo. Destes, foram selecionadas 04 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e estabeleceram relação consistente com a temática. Conclusão: temática pouco explorada no cenário nacional por pesquisadores da enfermagem. Os estudos encontrados não versavam exatamente sobre a eutanásia apenas, mas sobre terminalidade da vida e cuidado paliativo, distanásia, ortotanásia, e falavam de outros atores envolvidos no processo de decisão no fim da vida.

Objetivo: describir cómo la eutanasia ha sido abordada en las publicaciones científicas nacionales realizadas por los enfermeros y discutir los aspectos de bioética descritos relacionados con la eutanasia. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos BDENF, SciELO y LILACS, a través de los descriptores eutanasia y enfermería utilizándose textos completos en portugués. Resultados: fueron encontrados 24 artículos, de los cuales 06 tenían texto completo. De éstos, fueron seleccionadas 04 publicaciones que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y establecieron relación consistente con la temática. Conclusión: temática poco investigada en la escena nacional por los investigadores de enfermería. Los estudios encontrados no se referían exactamente sobre la eutanasia, sino sobre la terminalidad de la vida y los cuidados paliativos, distanasia, ortotanasia, y hablaban de otros actores involucrados en el proceso de decisiones al final de la vida.

Cuidados paliativos em insuficiência cardíaca: revisão integrativa / Palliative care in heart failure: integrative review

Objetivo: analisar artigos científicos produzidos, no cenário mundial, acerca do cuidado paliativo no clientecom Insuficiência Cardíaca. Método: revisão integrativa com a seguinte questão norteadora: Qual é aprodução científica acerca de cuidados paliativos a pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca? As buscas foramrealizadas nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED e CINAHL no período de 2008 a 2012. Os artigos foram lidos naíntegra e utilizou-se um formulário, contendo as informações: título, autores, objetivo principal, tipo demetodologia, amostra, sujeitos, principais resultados e conclusões para avaliação. Para classificar os estudossegundo o nível de evidência e graus de recomendação, utilizou-se a escala de Oxford. Resultados: foramanalisados 12 artigos em língua inglesa, divididos pelas temáticas: Dor (3); Insuficiência Cardíaca e Câncer (2);Preferências ao Fim da Vida (3); estudos de intervenção (2); e outros (2). Conclusão: foi encontrado déficitacerca da aplicabilidade dos cuidados paliativos, demonstrando necessidade de maiores pesquisas.

Ingestão regular do suco de laranja vermelha reduz pressão arterial de adultos / Regular intake of red orange juice reduces blood pressure in adults

Objetivo - Investigar a ingestão regular do suco de laranja vermelha sobre a pressão arterial, variáveis antropométricas e dietéticas de indivíduos adultos. Métodos - Os indivíduos do grupo experimental, formado por 19 homens e 16 mulheres, receberam 750 mL/dia de suco de laranja vermelha pasteurizado durante 8 semanas. Foram realizadas avaliação antropométrica, dietética e hemodinâmica. Todas as avaliações foram realizadas no início do período experimental e após o tratamento dietético com o suco de laranja. Resultados - Não houve alteração nas variáveis antropométricas após a ingestão do suco de laranja vermelha. A pressão arterial sistólica reduziu significativamente entre os participantes eutróficos que consumiram suco de laranja vermelha e a diastólica reduziu entre os participantes com excesso de peso. Houve aumento significativo da ingestão de vitamina C e folato durante o período experimental. Conclusão - O consumo regular do suco de laranja vermelha mostrou propriedade hipotensora, sugerindo atividade protetora cardiovascular em indivíduos adultos. Portanto, seria interessante incentivar o consumo de frutas cítricas, pois são exclusivas fontes dietéticas de flavanonas.

Objective - This study aimed to investigate the regular ingestion of red orange juice on blood pressure, anthropometric and diet variables of adults. Methods - The individuals in the experimental group, composed by 19 men and 16 women received 750 mL / d of pasteurized red orange juice for 8 weeks. All volunteers were evaluated for anthropometric, dietary and hemodynamic parameters in the beginning and at the end of the experimental period. Results - There was no change in the variables anthropometric after ingestion of red orange juice. The systolic blood pressure reduced significantly among eutrophic participants supplemented with red orange juice and the diastolic blood pressure reduced among the pre-obese participants. There were significant increases in vitamin C and folate intakes during the experimental period. Conclusion - Regular consumption of red orange juice has shown hypotensive properties, suggesting cardiovascular protective activity in adults. So it would be beneficial to encourage the consumption of citrus fruits as they are unique dietary sources of flavanones.

Efeito da suplementação de ferro sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças de 0 a 4 anos de idade: uma revisão sistemática / Effect of iron supplementation on psychomotor development of children aged 0 to 4 years old: A systematic review

Desenvolvimento Psicomotor Infantil é a aquisição de habilidades motoras e psicocognitivas que capacitam a criança para a execução de funções mais complexas. Vários fatores podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da criança, dentre eles a anemia ferropriva. Programa de suplementação de ferro é um recurso tradicional e econômico que vem sendo implantado com o objetivo de combater a anemia. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão acerca dos estudos que utilizaram programas de suplementação de ferro para verificar seus possíveis efeitos sobre o nível de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com até 4 anos de idade. A revisão foi realizada considerando-se artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa. Foi avaliada a qualidade dos estudos por meio da escala de PEDro. Foram selecionados sete artigos, três dos quais considerados de qualidade elevada. No geral, revelaram benefícios da utilização de programas de suplementação sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM). O estudo foi pouco conclusivo no que diz respeito ao efeito da suplementação de ferro sobre o DNPM de crianças com até 4 anos de idade devido à pequena quantidade de estudos que se enquadraram no tema.(AU)

Child Psychomotor Development is the acquisition of psychocognitive and motor skills, having as its main product the ability of the child to perform more complex functions. Several factors may influence the development of children, among them iron deficiency anemia. Programs of iron supplementation are traditional and low cost ways being implemented in order to combat anemia. The objective of this review about programs of iron supplementation was to verify their possible effects on the level of psychomotor development of children up to 4 years old. This review included papers published in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the last 20 years. The quality of studies was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Seven articles were selected, and three of them had high quality. In general they have shown the benefits of supplementation on neurodevelopment (DNPM). The present study was somewhat inconclusive regarding the efect of iron suplementation on the DNPM of children under four years old due to the low quantity of studies that fit the theme. (AU)

Efeito da suplementação de ferro sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças de 0 a 4 anos de idade: uma revisão sistemática / Effect of iron supplementation on psychomotor development of children aged 0 to 4 years old: A systematic review

Desenvolvimento Psicomotor Infantil é a aquisição de habilidades motoras e psicocognitivas que capacitam a criança para a execução de funções mais complexas. Vários fatores podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da criança, dentre eles a anemia ferropriva. Programa de suplementação de ferro é um recurso tradicional e econômico que vem sendo implantado com o objetivo de combater a anemia. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão acerca dos estudos que utilizaram programas de suplementação de ferro para verificar seus possíveis efeitos sobre o nível de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com até 4 anos de idade. A revisão foi realizada considerando-se artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos nas línguas portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa. Foi avaliada a qualidade dos estudos por meio da escala de PEDro. Foram selecionados sete artigos, três dos quais considerados de qualidade elevada. No geral, revelaram benefícios da utilização de programas de suplementação sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM). O estudo foi pouco conclusivo no que diz respeito ao efeito da suplementação de ferro sobre o DNPM de crianças com até 4 anos de idade devido à pequena quantidade de estudos que se enquadraram no tema.

Child Psychomotor Development is the acquisition of psychocognitive and motor skills, having as its main product the ability of the child to perform more complex functions. Several factors may influence the development of children, among them iron deficiency anemia. Programs of iron supplementation are traditional and low cost ways being implemented in order to combat anemia. The objective of this review about programs of iron supplementation was to verify their possible effects on the level of psychomotor development of children up to 4 years old. This review included papers published in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the last 20 years. The quality of studies was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Seven articles were selected, and three of them had high quality. In general they have shown the benefits of supplementation on neurodevelopment (DNPM). The present study was somewhat inconclusive regarding the efect of iron suplementation on the DNPM of children under four years old due to the low quantity of studies that fit the theme.

Influence of biflorin on the labelling of red blood cells, plasma protein, cell protein, and lymphocytes with technetium-99m: in vitro study

In this paper we report the results of an in vitro study involving the influence of biflorin (an o-quinone isolated from Capraria biflora L. that has potent antimicrobial activity) on the Tc-99m labeling of red blood cells, plasma protein, cells protein, and lymphocytes. Blood was withdrawn from Wistar rats and incubated with various concentrations of biflorin, and solutions of stannous chloride and Tc-99m were added. Plasma (P) and red blood cells (RBC) were isolated, precipitated, and centrifuged, and soluble (SF) and insoluble (IF) fractions were isolated. The results show that the highest concentration (100 percent) of biflorin is able to reduce the uptake of Tc-99m ( percentATI) on RBC and the fixation on IF-P. To study the influence of biflorin on 99mTc lymphocyte labeling, human blood was submitted to a technique with Ficoll-Hypac and centrifuged, and white cells were isolated. Lymphocytes (2.5 mL; 1.0 x 10(6) cells/mL) were obtained and a 0.2 mL solution was incubated with biflorin (0.1 mL). Solutions of stannous chloride and 99mTc were added. Lymphocytes were separated and the percentATI bound in these cells was evaluated. A reduction in percentATI (from 97.85 ± 0.99 to 88.86 ± 5) was observed for RBC and for IF-P (73.24 ± 5.51 to 20.72 ± 6.95). In this case the results showed no decrease in percentATI for the lymphocytes with biflorin.

Neste artigo relatam-se os resultados de um estudo in vitro envolvendo a influência da biflorina (uma o-quinona isolada de Capraria biflora L. que possui uma potente atividade antimicrobiana) na marcação do Tc-99m em células vermelhas do sangue, proteínas do plasma, proteínas celulares e em linfócitos. O sangue foi coletado de ratos Wistar e incubado com várias concentrações de biflorina, e soluções de cloreto estanoso (SnCl2) adicionando-se Tc-99m. O plasma (P) e as células vermelhas do sangue (CVS) foram isolados, precipitados e centrifugados, isolando-se as frações solúveis (FS) e insolúveis (FI). A maior concentração de biflorina (100 por cento) é capaz de reduzir a captação do Tc-99m ( por centoATI) nas CVS e a fixação na FI-P. Uma solução de 0,2 mL de linfócitos (2,5 mL; 1.0 x 10(6) células/mL), obtidos por centrifugação de sangue humano tratado com Ficoll-Hypac, foi incubada com biflorina (0,1 mL). Soluções de cloreto estanoso e Tc-99m foram então adicionadas. Os linfócitos foram separados e o por centoATI presente nessas células foi avaliado. Uma redução no por centoATI (de 97,85 ± 0,99 a 88,86 ± 5) foi observada para CVS e para FI-P (73,24 ± 5,51 a 20,72 ± 6,95). Os resultados não mostraram decréscimo no por centoATI para os linfócitos com biflorina.

Cytotoxic pyranonaphthoquinones from Melloa quadrival vis (Bignoniaceae).

Three new pyranonaphthoquinones: 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-lapachone, 5,6-dihydroxy-a-lapachone and 4',5-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-lapachone, and two known compounds: lapachol and 5,5'-dihydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavanone, were isolated from the stem bark of Melloa quadrivalvis. Their structures were established by spectrometric data, mainly 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectra. The methylazoetetrazolium (MTT) method using viable cells of the strain Hep2 and the strain NCIH-292 demonstrated cytotoxic activity. The CI50 was also calculated. The chloroform extract and 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-alpha-lapachone inhibited cell growth.

Estudo farmacognóstico de Indigofera microcarpa Desv. (Fabaceae) / Pharmacognostical study of Indigofera microcarpa Desv. (Fabaceae)

O estudo farmacognóstico de Indigofera microcarpa Desv. (Fabaceae) foi realizado enfocando aspectos farmacobotânicos e fitoquímicos para fins diagnósticos. A anatomia das folhas, caule e raízes foi descrita e a presença de características típicas da família e do gênero Indigofera foram confirmadas. A triagem fitoquímica revelou a presença de fenóis, taninos, flavanonas, esteróides, triterpenóides, saponinas e bases quaternárias