Effects of Resistance Training With or Without Protein Supplementation on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients 2-7 Years PostRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Resistance training (RT) and adequate protein intake are recommended as strategies to preserve fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic demand after bariatric surgery. However, the effect of both interventions combined in the late postoperative period is unclear. This study investigated the effects of RT, isolated and combined with protein supplementation, on body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in the late postoperative period of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: This controlled trial involved patients who were 2-7 years postRYGB. Participants were partially matched on body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and years after surgery, and divided into four groups, placebo maltodextrin (control [CON]; n = 17), whey protein supplementation (PRO; n = 18), RT combined with placebo (RTP; n = 13), and RT combined with whey protein supplementation (RTP + PRO; n = 15)-considering the participants who completed the protocol. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition by multifrequency electrical bioimpedance. RESULTS: Participant characteristics (40.3 ± 8.3 years old; average BMI 29.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2; 88.9% females) were similar among groups. The RTP+PRO group showed an increase of 1.46 ± 1.02 kg in FFM and 0.91 ± 0.64 kg in skeletal muscle mass (SMM), which was greater than the equivalent values in the CON group (- 0.24 ± 1.64 kg, p = 0.006 and - 0.08 ± 0.96 kg, p = 0.008, respectively). There was no significant time-by-group interaction for absolute or relative REE. CONCLUSION: Combined RT and adequate protein intake via supplementation can increase FFM and SMM in the late postoperative period without changing REE. These associated strategies were effective in improving muscle-related parameters and potentially in improving the patients' physical function.

Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of strength training (ST) combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-five BCS were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: vitamins (VIT; n = 12; 51.0 ± 9.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 13; 48.2 ± 8.3 years). Both groups performed a 10-week ST protocol, twice a week. The VIT group was supplemented with vitamins C (500 mg/day) and E (180 mg/day) and the PLA group with polydextrose (1 g/day), once a day after breakfast. At the beginning and at the end of the training period, perceived fatigability was assessed using Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)-20 (general fatigue and physical fatigue). Performance fatigability was assessed during 30 maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 120°/s. General fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.004) and PLA (p = 0.011) groups. Physical fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.011) and PLA (p = 0.001) groups. Performance fatigability also decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.026) and PLA (p < 0.001) groups. There was no difference between groups at any moment (p > 0.05). In summary, antioxidant supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of improving perceived or performance fatigability in BCS. This clinical trial is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, number RBR-843pth (UTN no.: U1111-1222-6511). Novelty ST with maximal repetitions reduces perceived and performance fatigability of BCS. Vitamins C and E supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of reducing fatigability in BCS.

Pre-exercise ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate free-acid supplementation improves work capacity recovery: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single-dose of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. Twenty-three trained young males were randomly assigned to receive either a single-dose supplementation of 3 g of HMB-FA (n = 12; age, 22.8 ± 3.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 11; age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years). A muscle damage protocol was applied 60 min after supplementation, and consisted of 7 sets of 20 drop jumps from a 60-cm box with 2-min rest intervals between sets. Muscle swelling, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), and work capacity (WC) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the exercise protocol. Muscle swelling, CMJ, and MVIT changed similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), but returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 h in both groups. WC decreased similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.01). For HMB-FA, WC returned to pre-exercise level 24 h after exercise protocol. However, for PLA, WC did not return to pre-exercise level even 72 h after the exercise protocol. In summary, a single-dose of HMB-FA supplementation improved WC recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. However, HMB-FA did not affect the time-course of muscle swelling, MVIT, and CMJ recovery.

Tai Chi Chuan em mulheres idosas: efeitos na ergoespirometria e composição corporal / Tai Chi Chuan in senior women: Effects on ergospirometry and body composition

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) tem sido largamente praticado na China há séculos. O objetivo desta pesquisa experimental com grupo controle foi verificar os efeitos do TCC na ergoespirometria (ERGO) e na composição corporal (CC) em 34 mulheres idosas saudáveis, não praticantes de atividade física orientada. No Grupo TCC (G1) foram incluídos 16 sujeitos (idade 66,19±4,78 anos) e no Grupo Controle (G2) 18 sujeitos (idade 72,94±6,24 anos). G1 praticou o TCC estilo Yang de 24 movimentos durante 24 semanas, 2 vezes por semana. Cada aula constou de 15 min. de aquecimento, 20 min. de treinamento da coreografia do TCC e 15 min. de relaxamento. Antes e depois da intervenção, foram mensurados volume máximo de oxigênio consumido (VO2) e Tempo de Teste (T) na ERGO em esteira e massa magra (MM) e percentual de gordura (G%) da CC através de absortometria por raios-x de dupla energia (DXA). G1 apresentou incrementos de 8,20% no VO2 (p=0,001) e de 13,35% no T (p=0,01) e nenhuma alteração significativa nas variáveis da CC (p>0,05) em relação ao G2. Não foi verificada correlação significativa entre as variáveis da ERGO e CC. Os resultados indicam que, em mulheres idosas, o TCC melhora a ERGO mas não a CC, sugerindo que a ERGO não está necessariamente ligada à CC na prática desta modalidade.

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) has been widely practiced in China for centuries. The purpose of this controlled experimental study was to verify the effects of TCC program on ergospirometry (ERGO) and on body composition (BC) in 34 healthy elderly women, who did not practice any form of oriented physical activity. TCC group (G1) included 16 subjects (age 66.19±4.78 yr) and Control Group (G2) included 18 subjects (age 2.94±6.24 yr). G1 practiced the 24 forms Yang style TCC during 24 weeks, 2 times/week. Each session included 15 min of warm-up, 20 min of TCC form practice and 15 min of cool down. They were evaluated before and at the end of the intervention: the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) and exertion time (T) on ERGO in treadmill test and the fat free mass (FFM) and body fat percentage (BFP) on BC in Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). G1 showed increases of 8.20% in VO2 (p = 0.001) and of 13,35% in T (p = 0.01) and no significant changes in the BC variables (p>0.05) in relation to G2. No significant correlation was observed between the ERGO and BC variables. The results indicate that, in elderly women, TCC program is effective for improving ERGO but not BC, indicating that ERGO is not necessarily linked to BC in this practice.