Pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia: an uncommon presentation in idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia.

Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) is a distinct entity that arises in the left ventricle, may have reentrant mechanism and is verapamil-sensitive. Pleomorphism as defined by multiple ventricular tachycardia morphologies is usually associated with either coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy but very rare in cases of ILVT. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of ILVT with two ECG morphologies of the opposite axis that were successfully eliminated with radiofrequency ablation. The successful ablation sites were closely located to each other in the left lower ventricular septum.

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia with multiple AH jumps: electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency ablation.

This article describes the additional use of incremental atrial burst pacing (A1A1) and double atrial extrastimulation with a predefined fast pathway conducted A2 (A1A2A3), rather than single atrial extrastimulation (A1A2) only, to characterize typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The authors noted an additional 32% of patients had multiple anterograde AV nodal physiology demonstrated when A1A1 or A1A2A3 protocols were deployed compared to more conventional A1A2 protocols. The A2H2max (449 +/- 147 vs 339 +/- 94 ms) and A3H3max (481 +/- 120 vs 389 +/- 85 ms) were higher in 31 patients where multiple jumps in the AV nodal conduction curve were obtained (group 1) compared to 192 patients where only single jump was obtained (group 2) (both P < 0.01). Postablation, the degree of reduction of A2H2max (49%) and A3H3max (50%) in group 1 was greater than in group 2 (38% and 42%, respectively, P < 0.05). In seven of group 1 patients in whom A1A2A3 stimulation was required to reveal multiple jumps, the A2H2max remained unchanged after ablation (237 +/- 89 vs 214 +/- 59, P > 0.05). A3H3max was the only parameter that shortened significantly after ablation. Generally, successful ablation resulted in loss of multiple discontinuities in A1A1/A1H1 or A2A3/A3H3 curves. In conclusion, a combination of A1A2, A1A1, and A1A2A3 are required to fully elucidate AVNRT. Significant shortening of AHmax or loss of multiple jumps after ablation indicates successful elimination of AVNRT in these patients.