RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of atorvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production in RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS: RAW264.7 macrophages were treated in different LPS concentrations or at different time points with or without atorvastatin. TNF-α level in supernatant was measured. Expressions of TNF-α mRNA and protein and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by ELISA, PCR, and Western blot, respectively. HO activity was assayed. RESULTS: LPS significantly increased the TNF-α expression and secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The HO-1 activity and HO-1 expression level were significantly higher after atorvastatin treatment than before atorvastatin treatment and attenuated by SB203580 and PD98059 but not by SP600125, suggesting that the ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways participate in regulating the above-mentioned effects of atorvastatin. Moreover, the HO-1 activity suppressed by SnPP or the HO-1 expression inhibited by siRNA significantly attenuated the effect of atorvastatin on TNF-α expression and production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin can attenuate LPS-induced TNF-α expression and production by activating HO-1 via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that atorvastatin can be used in treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, especially in those with atherosclerotic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Ácidos Heptanoicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Pirroles/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Animales , Atorvastatina , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , RatonesAsunto(s)
Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Flebotomía , Neuralgia del Trigémino/terapia , Puntos de Acupuntura , Adulto , Anciano , Catgut , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
To make a distinction among the local response of body, the moxibustion sensation, its influence on the disease, adverse reaction and others during and after the moxibustion treatment, and explore the countermeasures to these reactions in order to guide the clinical practice. Of them, the responses of the body surface and local acupoints are usual one of the bases to assess the moxibustion effect, while the occurs of moxibustion sensation and its influence on the disease are normal, which is not necessary to deal with, and the adverse reaction and others could be handled according to the different situations.
Asunto(s)
Moxibustión/métodos , Sensación , Puntos de Acupuntura , Humanos , Moxibustión/efectos adversosRESUMEN
To summarize MA Shao-qun's clinical experience of warm moxibustion for the liver diseases. The warm moxibustion was put to use by MA Shao-qun to treat many diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver functional disorder. Under the human-oriented theory, he focuses on regulating the whole function of the body and tonifying the original qi to increase physical fitness and avoid illness. Besides, he is good at the combination of multi-acupoints for long-term and circulating moxibustion treatment, and also pays attention to nourishing the spleen-stomach, adjusting the fu-qi and resolving the dampness in the body.