Three-dimensional multi-component analysis of Aurantii Fructus quality and research on influencing factors / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the consistency of the content proportions of active components of Aurantii Fructus and analyzed the influencing factors based on three-dimensional multi-component analysis. A total of 839 Aurantii Fructus samples in 65 research articles were analyzed using the three-dimensional multi-component analysis mode. The content data of flavonoid components(naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, narirutin, and nobiletin), coumarin components(meranzin and gluconolactone), and alkaloid(synephrine) in 386 samples which met the criteria of 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were extracted and adjusted to percentages, and the content ratios between components were calculated. The influencing factors of Aurantii Fructus quality were analyzed. The results showed content ratios of components as follows: neohesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.4-1.2; narirutin∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.16; hesperidin∶naringin in the range of 0.01-0.3; nobiletin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 588 3-0.069 68; synephrine∶naringin in the range of 0.02-0.042; gluconolactone∶naringin in the range of 0.001-0.01; meranzin∶naringin in the range of 0.000 4-0.035. The quality of Aurantii Fructus was closely related to the origin, variety, harvesting time, and processing method of medicinal materials. Harvesting time had a greater impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus, and the origin and variety had a certain impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus. The findings of this study indicated that the ratios between flavonoid components, flavonoids and coumarin components, and flavonoids and alkaloids fluctuated. The production base should optimize the varieties, harvesting period, and processing methods of Aurantii Fructus to provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality Aurantii Fructus.

Protective effect of breviscapine against brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation in preterm rats and its mechanism / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the protective effect of breviscapine against brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation in preterm rats and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A preterm rat model of brain injury caused by intrauterine inflammation was prepared by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats and preterm rats were respectively randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, low-dose breviscapine (45 mg/kg), high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg), and high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg)+ML385 [a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor, 30 mg/kg] (n=10 each). The number and body weight of the live offspring rats were measured for each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the uterus and placenta of pregnant rats and the pathological morphology of the brain tissue of offspring rats. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the co-expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cerebral cortex of offspring rats. ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain tissue of offspring rats. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Nrf2 pathway-related proteins in the brain tissue of offspring rats.@*RESULTS@#Pathological injury was found in the uterus, and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, and severe microglia pyroptosis occurred in the cerebral cortex of the offspring rats in the model group. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant reductions in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), but significant increases in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the breviscapine administration groups showed alleviated pathological injury of the uterus and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, significant increases in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). The high-dose breviscapine group had a significantly better effect than the low-dose breviscapine (P<0.05). ML385 significantly inhibited the intervention effect of high-dose breviscapine (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Breviscapine can inhibit inflammatory response in brain tissue of preterm rats caused by intrauterine inflammation by activating the Nrf2 pathway, and it can also inhibit microglial pyroptosis and alleviate brain injury.

Single Center Clinical Analysis of Bloodstream Infection Pathogens in Children with Acute Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and drug resistance of bloodstream infection in children with acute leukemia.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 93 blood culture-positive children with acute leukemia from January 2015 to December 2019 in Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#In these 93 cases, 78 cases were in the period of neutrophil deficiency. There were 54 Gram-negative bacteria (G-) (58.1%) found through blood culture, and the top 4 strains were Escherichia coli (15.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.5%), and Enterobacter cloacae (6.5%). There were 39 Gram-positive bacteria (G+) (41.9%) detected, and the top 4 strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.5%), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (5.4%), and Staphylococcus human (5.4%). Among 74 strains of pathogenic bacteria from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children, there were 29 strains of G+ bacteria (39.2%) and 45 strains of G- bacteria (60.8%). While in 19 strains from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients, G- bacteria accounted for 47.4% and G+ bacteria accounted for 52.6%. In 15 ALL children without neutropenia, G+ bacteria made up the majority of the strains (66.7%). In the 93 strains of pathogenic bacteria, 13 (13.9%) strains were multidrug-resistant. Among them, extended-spectrum β-lactamases accounted for 42.9%, carbapenemase-resistant enzyme Klebsiella pneumoniae 15.4%, and carbapenemase-resistant enzyme Enterobacter cloacae strains 33.3%, which were detected from G- bacteria. While, 13.3% of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounted for 13.3% detected from G+ bacteria, but linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin Staphylococcus and Enterococcus resistant were not found. The average procalcitonin (PCT) value of G- bacteria infection was (11.02±20.282) ng/ml, while in G+ infection it was (1.81±4.911) ng/ml, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in G- infection was (76.33±69.946) mg/L, and that in G+ infection was (38.34±57.951) mg/L. The prognosis of active treatment was good, and only one case died of septic shock complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and gastrointestinal bleeding caused by carbapenemase-resistant enzyme enterobacteriaceae.@*CONCLUSION@#G- is the major bacteria in acute leukemia children with bloodstream infection, but the distribution of ALL and AML strains is different. G- bacteria dominates in ALL, while G+ bacteria and G- bacteria are equally distributed in AML. Non-agranulocytosis accompanied by bloodstream infections is dominant by G+ bacteria. The mean value of PCT and CRP are significantly higher in G- bacteria infection than in G+ bacteria.

Effects of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction in Treatment of Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction BYHD) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).@*METHODS@#A total of 180 patients with DOR diagnosed from December 2013 to December 2014 were equally assigned into progynova and duphaston (E+D) group, Zuogui Pill group and BYHD group with 60 cases in each by computerized randomization. Patients received E+D, Zuogui Pill or BYHD for 12 months, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian volume, endometrial thickness, and the resistance indices (RIs) of ovarian arteries and uterine arteries were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Nine women (4 from the E+D group, 3 from the Zuogui Pill group, and 2 from the BYHD group) withdrew from the study. After 6 months, Zuogui Pill and BYHD significantly decreased FSH and LH and increased endometrial thickness and AMH (all P<0.01). BYHD also resulted in E2 elevation (P<0.05), ovary enlargement (P<0.05), AFC increase (P<0.01), and RI of ovarian arteries decrease (P<0.05). After 12 months, further improvements were observed in the Zuogui Pill and BYHD groups (all P<0.01), but BYHD showed better outcomes, with lower FSH, larger ovaries and a thicker endometrium compared with the Zuogui Pill group (all P<0.01). However, E+D only significantly increased endometrial thickness (P<0.01) and no significant improvements were observed in the RI of uterine arteries in the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BYHD had a favorable therapeutic effect in patients with DOR by rebalancing hormone levels, promoting ovulation, and repairing the thin endometrium. The combination of tonifying Shen (Kidney), benefiting qi and activating blood circulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for DOR.

Screening of the ubiquitin-proteasome system activators for anti-Alzheimer's disease by the high-content fluorescence imaging system / 中国天然药物

Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). The discovery of UPS activators for anti-neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly important. In this study, we aimed to identify potential UPS activators using the high-throughput screening method with the high-content fluorescence imaging system and validate the neuroprotective effect in the cell models of AD. At first, stable YFP-CL1 HT22 cells were successfully constructed by transfecting the YFP-CL1 plasmid into HT22 cells, together with G418 screening. The degradation activity of the test compounds via UPS was monitored by detecting the YFP fluorescence intensity reflected by the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation signal CL1. By employing the high-content fluorescence imaging system, together with stable YFP-CL1 HT22 cells, the UPS activators were successfully screened from our established TCM library. The representative images were captured and analyzed, and quantification of the YFP fluorescence intensity was performed by flow cytometry. Then, the neuroprotective effect of the UPS activators was investigated in pEGFP-N1-APP (APP), pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L (Tau P301L), or pRK5-EGFP-Tau (Tau) transiently transfected HT22 cells using fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry, and Western blot. In conclusion, our study established a high-content fluorescence imaging system coupled with stable YFP-CL1 HT22 cells for the high-throughput screening of the UPS activators. Three compounds, namely salvianolic acid A (SAA), salvianolic acid B (SAB), and ellagic acid (EA), were identified to significantly decrease YFP fluorescence intensity, which suggested that these three compounds are UPS activators. The identified UPS activators were demonstrated to clear AD-related proteins, including APP, Tau, and Tau P301L. Therefore, these findings provide a novel insight into the discovery and development of anti-AD drugs.

Overview on diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in the Qing Royal Court / 中华口腔医学杂志

The remained documents and archives show that the history of diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in royal court of the Qing Dynasty was over 200 years. The departmental system of medical care in the Qing Royal Court was inherited from former Ming Dynasty. Although the departments in the system changed over reigns, the Department of Dentistry exist all the time. In a set of historical records of 38 medical cases opened to the public, the documented symptoms and diseases, in the sense of modern medical science, included periodontitis, oral mucosal diseases, dental caries, parotiditis, etc., and the patients involved various ranks in the court, showing that oral diseases were common in the Qing Royal Court. The royal doctors ranked variedly and the medication they used was diverse. Medical fuming or steaming and medical heating were some distinctive methods among the treatments. In 1600s, the western modern medical science started to be introduced into China. In the reign of Kangxi Emperor (1700s), many western doctors were employed by the royal court and they engaged in the treatment of oral diseases. The late Qing Dynasty appeared the second peak that western doctors came into China. In 1898, Dr. Jingrong Chen, a dentist who possessed knowledge of modern dentistry in Beijing city, set up a dental clinic in the royal court and gave treatment to patients in the royal members and high-ranking officials.

Analysis of inhaled allergen spectrum characteristics of allergic rhinitis in 5 019 cases in Xinjiang area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of allergen spectrum in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Xinjiang area in recent 13 years. Methods: The skin prick test (SPT) results of 5 019 AR patients from 2007 to 2019 were retrospectively summarized, and 14 allergens of different age, gender and race were analyzed. Results: The distribution of 14 allergens was significantly different in different years, the difference was significant (P<0.05). The top three positive rates of 14 allergens were quinoa 48.2% (2 398/4 970), plantain 33.3% (1 221/3 667), and Artemisia 33.1% (1 647/4 974). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of dog epithelium between different genders and ages (χ²=0.041, P>0.05; χ²=3.8, P>0.05), the difference of other allergen in positive rates was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The positive rates of Alternaria Alternata (χ²=7.3), Penicillium Sp. (χ²=0.3), Cat Epithelium (χ²=3.1), Dust Mite (χ²=1.4), Acaroid Mite (χ²=0.5) and Cockroach (χ²=2.9) had no significant difference among different races (all P>0.05). The positive rates of other eight allergens including Artemisia Vulgaris (χ²=64.9), Chenopodium (χ²=204.1), Artemisiifolia (χ²=72.4), Plantain (χ²=87.8), Phleum Pratense L(χ²=55.4), Robinia Pseudoacacia (χ²=67.8), Canis Familiari (χ²=70.8), Dog Epithelium (χ²=15.7) were significantly different among different races (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of allergens in Xinjiang area changes with time, the main allergens are mainly herbaceous, and the distribution of allergens in patients with AR is different in gender, age and race.

Review of the in vitro inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese medicine and its components on CYP450 enzymes in liver microsomes / 药学学报

Cytochrome P450s (CYP450) is a superfamily of phase I metabolic enzymes, which participates in more than 90% of drug oxidation. The induction or inhibition of CYP450s is the main mechanism of drug-drug interaction. In recent years, in vitro metabolism studies conducted through isolated organs, cells, or enzyme systems have developed rapidly, due to their precision and simplicity. Therefore, profiles of the in vitro metabolism studies of traditional Chinese medicines can infer the possible metabolic pathways of drugs, predict the potential drug interactions, and may enhance the rational use of drugs in clinic. This article reviews the in vitro inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese medicine, ingredients, and extracts on the activities of CYP450 enzymes in the liver microsomes, which can provide a reference for further researches on the interaction between Chinese medicine and chemical medicine.

Meta-analysis and GRADE evaluation of Shuxuetong Injection in treatment of stroke in progressive / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of stroke in progressive. Randomized controlled trials of Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of stroke in progressive were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CMB, PubMed and EMbase. After strict literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, a total of 22 articles were included for analysis by RevMan 5.3. The Meta-analysis showed that Shuxuetong Injection combined with conventional treatment was superior to the conventional treatment alone in the major outcome indicators including effective rate(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.20, 1.33], Z=9.18, P<0.000 01), deterioration rate(RR=0.38, 95%CI[0.22, 0.68], Z=3.31, P=0.000 9), NIHSS scores(MD=-3.89, 95%CI[-4.34,-3.43], Z=16.83, P<0.000 01), CSS scores(MD=-5.59, 95%CI[-6.42,-4.76], Z=13.20, P<0.000 01) and activity of daily living scores(MD=12.02, 95%CI[10.31, 13.72], Z=13.83, P<0.000 01), mortality during treatment was not increased(RR=0.40, 95%CI[0.13, 1.26], Z=1.56, P=0.12). Moreover, Shuxuetong Injection combined with conventional treatment further reduced the secondary outcome indicators including fibrinogen(MD=-0.35, 95%CI[-0.58,-0.13], Z=3.09, P=0.002), triglyceride(MD=-0.38, 95%CI[-0.67,-0.10], Z=2.65, P=0.008), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(MD=-0.72, 95%CI[-0.83,-0.61], Z=12.64, P<0.000 01), serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein(MD=-4.41, 95%CI[-6.96,-1.86], Z=3.38, P=0.000 7), and interleukin-6(MD=-5.43, 95%CI[-6.91,-3.96], Z=7.22, P<0.000 01). GRADE evaluation results showed that the major outcome indicators had low quality of evidence. Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of stroke in progressive can improve the clinical effective rate, reduce the deterioration rate, improve the neurological function and activity of daily living, down-regulate the levels of fibrinogen, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and alleviate the inflammatory response. Although most studies have reported no adverse reactions, there are selective reports. The safety of Shuxuetong Injection needs to be further verified by more high-quality randomized controlled trial.

Analysis and suggestions on harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

The improvement of the harvest period standards is critical in the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials. The present study statistically analyzed the harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) and put forward the existing problems and suggestions based on herbal records and modern research to provide references for the improvement of the standards. According to the statistical analysis, in 499 types of plant medicinal materials, harvest period standards are recorded under 486 types, accounting for 97.4%, and are lacking in the remaining. Only one medicinal material(Stellariae Radix) is recorded with the standard of the harvest year. The standards of the harvest season and phenological period are recorded under 233 types, accounting for 46.7%. For 237 types, only harvest season is specified, accounting for 47.5%, and for 15 types, only harvest phenological period is specified, accounting for 3.0%. Among 222 types mainly derived from cultivation and 51 types from wild resources and cultivation, only 11 types are recorded with harvest period of cultivated products. Only Stellariae Radix is recorded with the harvest period standards for the wild and cultivated products separately. The harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials with different medicinal parts have certain rules to follow. The main problems about the harvest period standards are discovered. Specifically, no harvest period standards are recorded under 13 types of plant medicinal materials. Almost all perennial cultivated medicinal materials are not recorded with harvest year standard. No phenological period standard is found under 250 types of plant medicinal materials. There is no clear distinction between the harvest period standards of cultivated and wild products. The evidence for harvest period standards of 26 types of plant medicinal materials that can be harvested all year round is insufficient. As a result, it is proposed to strengthen basic research in response to the above-mentioned problems and improve the harvest period standards as soon as possible to ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

A prospective randomized controlled study on the effects of compound analgesia in ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment of post-burn hypertrophic scars in children / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of compound analgesia on ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser (UFCL) treatment of post-burn hypertrophic s in children. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. From April 2018 to March 2020, 169 pediatric patients with post-burn hypertrophic s admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were randomly divided into general anesthesia alone group (39 cases, 19 males and 20 females, aged 35 (21, 48) months), general anesthesia+lidocaine group (41 cases, 23 males and 18 females, aged 42 (22, 68) months), general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (41 cases, 25 males and 16 females, aged 38 (26, 52) months), and three-drug combination group with general anesthesia + lidocaine+ibuprofen suppository (48 cases, 25 males and 23 females, aged 42 (25, 60) months), and the pediatric patients in each group were treated with corresponding analgesic regimens when UFCL was used to treat s, and the pediatric patients were given comprehensive care throughout the treatment process. The pain degree of pediatric patients scar was evaluated by facial expression,legs,activity,cry,and consolability (FLACC) of children's pain behavior scale at 0 (immediately), 1, 2, and 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, respectively. At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia of postoperative pain assessment, the self-made analgesia satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the satisfaction for the analgesic effect of the pediatric patients or their families, and the satisfaction rate was calculated. Within 2 h after the first operation, the occurrences of adverse reactions of the pediatric patients, such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, etc, were observed and recorded. Before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment, the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) was used to evaluate the pediatric patients scar, and the difference value between the two was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with least significant difference test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: At 0 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group (P<0.01). The FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 1 and 2 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were both significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01), and the FLACC score of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly lower than that in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the FLACC scores of the pediatric patients in general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group and three-drug combination group were significantly lower than those in general anesthesia alone group and general anesthesia+lidocaine group (P<0.01). At 4 h after awakening from the first anesthesia, the satisfactions rate with the analgesic effect in the four groups of pediatric patients or their families were 79.49% (31/39), 85.37% (35/41), 87.80% (36/41), and 97.92% (47/48), respectively. The satisfaction rate of the pediatric patients in three-drug combination group was significantly higher than those in general anesthesia alone group, general anesthesia+lidocaine group, general anesthesia+ibuprofen suppository group. Within 2 h after the first operation, there was no significant difference in the overall comparison of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness of pediatric patients among the 4 groups (P>0.05). The VSS scores of pediatric patients before the first treatment, 1 month after the last treatment, and and the difference value between the two in the 4 groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusions: Three-drug combination for analgesia has a good effect in the treatment of hypertrophic scars after burn in pediatric patients with UFCL. Pediatric patients or their families are highly satisfied with the effect, and the treatment effect and incidence of adverse reactions are similar to other analgesic regimens, so it is recommended to be promoted in clinical practice.

The research for the function evaluation of facial nerve and the mechanisms of rehabilitation training.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) is a common peripheral neural disease. Acupuncture treatment combined with PFP rehabilitation exercises is a routine method of PFP treatment. This article is to provide a new visual and objective evaluation method for exploring the mechanism and efficacy of acupuncture treatment on PFP, and develop an interactive augmented facial nerve function rehabilitation training system with multiple training models. METHODS: This prospective and observational trial will recruit 200 eligible participants for the following study. In the trial, the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technology will be applied to monitor the microcirculation of facial blood flow during acupuncture, and real-time monitoring algorithms, data sampling, and digital imaging methods will be conducted by machine learning and image segmentation. Then, a database of patient facial expressions will be built, the correlation between surface blood flow perfusion volume and facial structure symmetry will be analyzed, combined with scale assessment and electrophysiological detection. In addition, we will also explore the objectivity and effectiveness of LASCA in the evaluation of facial paralysis (FP), and the changes in blood flow microcirculation before and after acupuncture treatment will be analyzed. RESULTS: The standard image of the facial target area with facial nerve injury will be manually segmented by the convolutional neural network method. The blood flow images of the eyelid, cheek, and mandible of the patients' affected and healthy side will be compared and evaluated. Laser speckle blood flow symmetry Pr and its changes in FP condition evolution and prognosis outcome will be measured, and relevant characteristic signals values will be extracted. Finally, COX regression analysis method is conducted to establish a higher accuracy prediction model of FP with cross-validation based on laser speckle blood flow imaging technology. CONCLUSIONS: We use modern interdisciplinary high-tech technologies to explore the mechanism of acupuncture rehabilitation training in PFP. And we will provide evidence for the feasibility of using the LASCA technique as a typing diagnosis of FP in the acupuncture rehabilitation treatment of PFP. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR1800019463.

Considerations and suggestions on influencing factors of compliance in clinical trial of acupuncture and moxibustion: experience in case study of knee osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture / 中国针灸

Strengthening the compliance is conductive to the quality improvement of clinical trial of acupuncture and moxibustion. In terms to planning behavior and influencing factors of loyalty, the questionnaire was conducted among 200 participants on the compliance of clinical trial on knee osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture. The results showed that the subjective norms and perceptual behavior control of subjects affected their compliance in the trial. Medical service compensation became the primary factor of the subjects' loyalty, which further affected their compliance in the trial. It is suggested that the compliance should be managed according to the characteristics of different clinical researches, and the feasible medical service compensation scheme should be designed in advance by actively focusing on the subjects' features.

Chemical constituents of steroidal saponins in rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis cultured in vitro / 中国中药杂志

In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the steroidal saponins in rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis from three different habitats cultured in vitro, in an attempt to explore whether the rhizomes of the medicinal herb cultured in vitro can synthesize the steroidal saponins, including polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅶ, the quality markers specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). A total of 20 steroidal saponins were identified in the rhizomes from Changxin, Yunlong(S1), Fengyi, Dali(S2), and Niujie, Eryuan(S3): parisyunnanoside A and parisyunnanoside D or E, proto-polyphyllin Ⅱ, polyphyllins G and H, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ, dioscin, gracillin, prosapogenin A, Tg, isomer of Th, saponin Th, reclinatoside, proto-pairs D, pseudoproto-dioscin, and 23-O-glc-(23S,25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,23α,27-triol-3-O-rha-(1→2)-[ara(1→4)]-glc or 27-O-glc-(23S,25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,27α-diol-3-O-rha-(1→2)-[ara(1→4)]-glc. Among them, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅶ were detected in the rhizomes from S1, with the mass fraction of 0.109 1%, 0.165 2%, and 0.051 03%, respectively(total 0.325 3%). Polyphyllins Ⅱ and Ⅶ were identified in the rhizomes from S2 with the respective mass fraction of 0.192 2% and 0.074 23% and total content of 0.266 5%. Moreover, polyphyllins Ⅱ and Ⅶ were also found in the rhizomes from S3, which had the mass fraction of 0.207 7% and 0.186 9%, separately, with the total content of 0.394 6%. Thus, steroidal saponins, including the quality makers polyphyllins Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅶ recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) can be synthesized in rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis cultured in vitro, but their total content fails to meet the standard(0.60% in Chinese Pharmacopoeia). Therefore, in vitro culture of the Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is feasible, but the culture conditions need to be further improved.

Analysis of "Tianyou (TE 16) and five regions" in the human body / 中国针灸

Focusing on the original text record in

Simple and robust differentiation of Ganoderma species by high performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa / 中国天然药物

In this study, a high performance thin-layer chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry QDa (HPTLC-QDa) method for robust authentication of Ganoderma lucidum, a popular and valuable herbal medicine, has been developed. This method is simple and practical, which allows direct generation of characteristic mass spectra from the HPTLC plates automatically with the application of in situ solvent desorption interface. The HPTLC silica gel plates were developed with toluene-ethyl formate-formic acid (5 : 5 : 0.2, V/V) and all bands were transferred to QDa system directly in situ using 80% methanol with 0.1% formic acid as desorption solvent. The acquired HPTLC-QDa spectra showed that luminous yellow band b3, containing ganoderic acid B/G/H and ganodeneric acid B, the major active components of Ganoderma, could be found only in G. lucidum and G. lucidum (Antler-shaped), but not in G. sinense and G. applanatum. Moreover, bands b13 and b14 with m/z 475/477 and m/z 475/491/495, respectively, could be detected in G. lucidum (Antler-shaped), but not in G. lucidum, thus allowing simple and robust authentication of G. lucidum with confused species. This method is proved to be simple, practical and reproducible, which can be extended to analyze other herbal medicines.

Effects of weeds on crops and their ecological control in ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica / 中国中药杂志

Weeds is one of the important parts of agricultural ecosystem of Chinese materia medica. Weeds is a double-edged sword with advantages and disadvantages for the cultivated medicinal plants. In this study, we firstly analyzed the positive and negative effects of weeds on the yield and quality of Chinese materia medica. We then explored the possible mechanisms for the weeds' positive effects from the aspects of interspecific relationship, soil microecological environment, light environment, natural control of pests and so on. We also summarized three basic principles of weed control, that is, "making medicinal plants and weeds coexist harmoniously, achieving the overall optimum growth of medicinal plants", "prevention first, integrated control" and "preserving beneficial weeds and increasing their beneficial effects, removing harmful weeds and control their adverse effects". Finally, we introduced several common weed ecological control technology in field of the cultivated medicinal plants in China, including technology of controlling weeds by no-tillage, stral mulch, rotation, alternative herbs, competitive crops, and allelopathy. This study is aimed to apply the ecology theory to guide weed management and control, so as to achieve the goal of advantages promotion and disadvantages elimination of weeds to cultivated medicinal plants, making weeds into treasure and to promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials production and the protection of weed diversity.

Comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos based on network pharmacology / 中草药·英文版

Objective: In Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) history, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were used clinically as one drug, but now they are admitted as two herbal medicines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). This study used network pharmacology to investigate whether the two can be used interchangeably for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in TCM clinical practice. Methods: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were compared in the inflammation mechanism including core targets, Gene Ontology (GO), pathway and principle chemical components by the method of network pharmacology. Results: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos shared in six targets accounting for 66.7% of the entire core targets and more than half of the GO terms and pathways are similar. Organic acids are dominent compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory effects. Three of the compounds that bind to core targets including luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol, are shared in both herbs. Conclusion: Due to high similarity between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, we believe that they can be used interchangeably for the inflammation in clinical treatment.

[Absorption mechanism of dragon's blood phenolic extracts in Caco-2 cells].

The purpose of this study was to study the absorption characteristics of eight main components from dragon's blood phenolic extracts in Caco-2 cells based on the humancolon cancer cell Caco-2 model, and to clarify the oral absorption mechanism of such phenolic extracts. UPLC-MS/MS was used in this study to determine the content of 8 active ingredients including thevetiaflavone, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, 7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyhomoisoflavanone, 7,4'-dihydroxyhomoisoflavanone, loureirin C, loureirin A, loureirin B and pterostilbene from dragon's blood phenolic extracts, and Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the effects of incubation time, concentration, temperature, P-gp inhibitor, MRP inhibitor, OCTN1 inhibitor and OCTN2 inhibitor on the absorption of each component. In addition, the transport experiment was conducted to measure the apparent permeability coefficient P_(app) and transport rate of the eight main components to predict the oral absorption mechanism of dragon's blood phenolic extracts. The experimental results showed that the cell uptake of the eight main components in dragon's blood phenolic extracts was time-dependent and concentration dependent, and the uptake of each component did not need to consume energy, which was consistent with the passive diffusion process. P-gp inhibitor, MRP inhibitor and OCTN1 inhibitor had no effect on the cell uptake of each component, only the addition of OCTN2 inhibitor significantly reduced the uptake of pterostilbene(P<0.05). In the transport results, the ER values of the outflow rates of the eight components were all less than 1.5. The above results show that the absorption mechanism of the eight components in Draconis resina phenolic extract may be passive diffusion, and pterostilbene may be the substrate of OCTN2.

Study on Ancient Books of Medication Nursing for Pectoral Stuffiness Pain Based on the Theory of Syndrome Factors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Through the analysis of the ancient books for pectoral stuffiness pain, to explore the relevant Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions, the main syndrome factors corresponding to the prescriptions and the content of medication nursing.Methods:We used the database of Chinese Medical Code (5th Edition) as the data source, and established a database, extracted relevant contents. In the end we carried out statistical analysis and discussion.Results:Four main syndrome factors were extracted from the 102 kinds of prescriptions, which were cold coagulation, qi stagnation, blood stasis and turbid phlegm. The corresponding medication nursing measures mainly contained five aspects, including the temperature, time, frequency, solution of taking medicine and medication taboo. Among them, the temperature of taking medicine was mainly warm and hot; the time of taking medicine was mainly before eating, after eating, empty stomach, before breakfast, at noon, Before sleep and regardless of the time; the frequency of taking medicine was mainly two times a day, three times a day, three times a day and once a night; the solution of taking medicine was mainly wine, porridge, ginger decoction, orange peel decoction, Chen-pi decoction, vinegar decoction and so on; the medication taboo was mainly onions, pork, cold, cabbage, mutton and so on.Conclusion:The study of medication nursing for pectoral stuffiness pain based on the theory of syndrome factors is beneficial to promote the theoretical and clinical research for the disease. It can promote the standardization of medication nursing, improve the nursing staff's ability of syndrome differentiation nursing, and provide a reference for clinical medication nursing of Traditional Chinese Medicine.