RESUMEN
Bioassay-guided investigation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of a culture of the marine-derived fungus Peroneutypa sp. M16 led to the isolation of seven new polyketide- and terpenoid-derived metabolites (1, 2, 4-8), along with known polyketides (3, 9-13). Structures of compounds 1, 2, and 4-8 were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 were determined by the comparison of experimental ECD spectra with calculated CD data. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
Asunto(s)
Policétidos , Xylariales , Policétidos/química , Terpenos/química , Estructura Molecular , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46 µmol mL-1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02 µmol mL-1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Xylariales/química , Paullinia/microbiología , Endófitos/química , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Espectrometría de Masas , Xylariales/aislamiento & purificación , Xylariales/genética , Xylariales/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Colletotrichum/efectos de los fármacos , Colletotrichum/fisiología , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Endófitos/genética , Endófitos/metabolismo , Fungicidas Industriales/aislamiento & purificación , Fungicidas Industriales/químicaRESUMEN
Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46µmolmL-1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02µmolmL-1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.