Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP) in Tendon Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of in vivo/in vitro Studies.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review on the application of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) in tendon models by reviewing in vivo/in vitro studies. Methods: The searches were performed via electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to September 2022 using the following keywords: ((tenocytes OR tendon OR tendinitis OR tendinosis OR tendinopathy OR tendon injury) AND (platelet-rich plasma OR PRP OR autologous conditioned plasma OR leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma OR L-PRP OR leukocyte-richplatelet-rich plasma Lr-PRP)). Only in vitro and in vivo studies that assessed the potential effects of L-PRP on tendons and/or tenocytes are included in this study. Description of PRP, study design and methods, outcomes measured, and results are extracted from the data. Results: A total of 17 studies (8 in vitro studies and 9 in vivo studies) are included. Thirteen studies (76%) reported leukocyte concentrations of L-PRP. Four studies (24%) reported the commercial kits. In in vitro studies, L-PRP demonstrated increased cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen synthesis, accelerated inflammation, and catabolic response in the short term. In addition, most in vivo studies indicated increased collagen type I content. According to in vivo studies reporting data, L-PRP reduced inflammation response in 71.0% of studies, while it enhanced the histological quality of tendons in 67.0% of studies. All 3 studies reporting data found increased biomechanical properties with L-PRP treatment. Conclusions: Most evidence indicates that L-PRP has some potential effects on tendon healing compared to control. However, it appears that L-PRP works depending on the biological status of the damaged tendon. At an early stage, L-PRP may accelerate tendon healing, but at a later stage, it could be detrimental.

Simultaneous removal of bioaerosols, odors and volatile organic compounds from a wastewater treatment plant by a full-scale integrated reactor.

Biological control of odors and bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have gained more attention in recent years. The simultaneous removal of odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and bioaerosols in each unit of a full-scale integrated-reactor (FIR) in a sludge dewatering room was investigated. The average removal efficiencies (REs) of odors, VOCs and bioaerosols were recorded as 98.5 %, 94.7 % and 86.4 %, respectively, at an inlet flow rate of 5760 m3/h. The RE of each unit decreased, and the activated carbon adsorption zone (AZ) played a more important role as the inlet flow rate increased. The REs of hydrophilic compounds were higher than those of hydrophobic compounds. For bioaerosols, roughly 35 % of airborne heterotrophic bacteria (HB) was removed in the low-pH zone (LPZ) while over 30 % of total fungi (TF) was removed in the neutral-pH zone (NPZ). Most bioaerosols removed by the biofilter (BF) had a particle size larger than 4.7 µm while bioaerosols with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed by AZ. The microbial community in the BF changed significantly at different units. Health risks were found to be associated with H2S rather than with bioaerosols at the FIR outlet.

[Efficacy of tianmaixiaoke tablets in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and influencing factors of chromium picolinate (tianmaixiaoke tablet) in the treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. METHODS: A total of 84 outpatients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting 4 hospitals in Beijing were randomly divided into two equal groups: study group receiving tianmaixiaoke tablet 240 mg bid for 24 weeks (n = 42) and control group sitagliptin 100 mg qd for 24 weeks (n = 42). The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma glucose 2 h after meal (PG2 h) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were detected before and 24 weeks after treatment. The serum levels of chromium and insulin were detected. RESULTS: Study was completed in 76 patients. The serum level of chromium was significantly lower in the diabetes group than in the normal group at baseline ((56 ± 28) µg/L vs (112 ± 21) µg/L, P = 0.00). At 24 weeks after treatment, the levels of HbA1c, FPG and PG2 h decreased while the serum level of chromium increased significantly in both groups. There were 11 patients with changed HbA1c from baseline (ΔHbA1c) ≥ 1% in the study group. At 24 weeks after treatment, HbA1c decreased by 1.61% (from 8.38% ± 0.72% to 6.77% ± 0.62%) and serum level of chromium increased by 35.14 µg/L in the ΔHbA1c ≥ 1% group with a low baseline serum level of chromium ((36.2 ± 18.0) µg/L). Both study group and control group were divided into three subgroups according to baseline serum level of chromium. ΔHbA1c reduced with the increase in baseline serum level of chromium in study group, while in control group, ΔHbA1c was unrelated with baseline serum level of chromium. At 24 weeks after treatment, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) reduced, ß cell function index (HOMA-ß) and insulinogenic index (IGI) increased in both groups. Multiple linear regression showed that the variables significantly associated with ΔHbA1c were baseline HbA1c and the baseline serum level of chromium. CONCLUSIONS: Chromium is commonly deficient in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in China. HbA1c decreases and serum chromium increases significantly after chromium supplementation in the patients with a low baseline serum level of chromium.

Expression of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 in prostate cancer.

The transcription repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is expressed in several human cancer cell lines and its expression correlates with resistance to immune-mediated apoptosis. This study used tissue microarrays to investigate the expression and localization of YY1 in 1364 representative tissue samples from 246 hormone naive prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Staining intensity and frequency measures for both YY1 nuclear and cytoplasmic expression were higher in neoplastic tissues and in PIN samples compared to matched benign cells (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Expression of YY1 is predominantly elevated in early malignancy (PIN), as well as in tumors of intermediate to high morphologic grade (Gleason's grade 3-5). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, we observed that low nuclear YY1 staining is an independent predictor of a shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.012). Based on these results, we hypothesize that YY1 may play a role in prostate cancer development; however, decreased YY1 may give metastatic cells a survival advantage. These results may also implicate YY1 as a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Astilbic acid induced COLO 205 cell apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression and activating caspase-3.

AIM: To investigate the effect of astilbic acid (3beta, 6beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, AA) on human colorectal carcinoma COLO 205 cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS: Proliferation of COLO 205 cells was measured by MTT assay. Content of DNA in COLO 205 cell was measured by modified diphenylamine assay. AA-induced morphological changes was observed with fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope. DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were visioned by immunohistochemical analysis. The change of relative mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) in COLO 205 cell was analyzed with FCM after rhodamine 123 staining. RESULTS: The IC50 (96 h) of AA for inhibiting COLO 205 cell proliferation was 61.56+/-0.34 micromol/L. AA induced a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of COLO 205 cell proliferation and reduced the DNA content in COLO 205 cell. Cells treated with AA 64 micromol/L showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA ladder pattern. The cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase, and the apoptosis rate was 28.25 % for COLO 205 cells treated with AA 64 micromol/L for 48 h. Meanwhile the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased while that of Bax was increased and relative MTP was decreased as well. DEVD-CHO 1 micromol/L could increase the viability of COLO 205 cells treated with AA for 48 h. CONCLUSION: AA showed potent inhibitory activity on COLO 205 cells proliferation, and could induce COLO 205 cells apoptosis through disturbing DNA replication, down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulating Bax expression, lowering relative MTP, and activating caspase-3 pathway.