The Protective Effect of a Dietary Extract of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves against a High Stocking Density, Copper and Trichlorfon in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus).

This study was designed to examine the protective effects of the extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (EML) on crucian carp (Carassius auratus) against a high stocking density, Cu exposure and trichlorfon exposure, which adversely impact fish growth performance, feed intake and fish locomotion. High stocking densities decreased the activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na+/K+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and increased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in fish digestive organs, indicating an impairment of the digestive function and a disturbance of the antioxidant status. Cu exposure increased the activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in fish digestive organs, suggesting the activation of amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, trichlorfon exposure reduced the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione reductase (GR), GOT and GPT, and the capacities of the anti-superoxide anion (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in fish muscles, indicating a disruption of the bioenergetic homeostasis and antioxidant status. Our present study indicates that dietary EML supplementation relieved the detrimental effects induced by these stressors.

Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition with ALBERT and MHA Mechanism.

Traditional clinical named entity recognition methods fail to balance the effectiveness of feature extraction of unstructured text and the complexity of neural network models. We propose a model based on ALBERT and a multihead attention (MHA) mechanism to solve this problem. Structurally, the model first obtains character-level word embeddings through the ALBERT pretraining language model, then inputs the word embeddings into the iterated dilated convolutional neural network model to quickly extract global semantic information, and decodes the predicted labels through conditional random fields to obtain the optimal label sequence. Also, we apply the MHA mechanism to capture intercharacter dependencies from multiple aspects. Furthermore, we use the RAdam optimizer to boost the convergence speed and improve the generalization ability of our model. Experimental results show that our model achieves an F1 score of 85.63% on the CCKS-2019 dataset-an increase of 4.36% compared to the baseline model.

Integrated biomarker parameters response to the toxic effects of high stocking density, CuSO4, and trichlorfon on fish and protective role mediated by Angelica sinensis extract.

The present study explored the protective role of dietary the extract of Angelica sinensis (EAs) on high density, CuSO4, or trichlorfon-treated Crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus). Firstly, the study showed that the optimum density for growth and growth inhibition was 0.49 and 0.98 fish L-1 water, respectively. Dietary EAs relieved the high density-induced growth inhibition in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of growth was estimated to be 4.30 g kg-1 diet in high-density fish. Moreover, high density decreased both digestive and absorptive enzyme activities and increased lipid oxidation in digestive organs, suggesting the ability of high density to induce oxidative damage. However, dietary EAs inhibited the oxidative damage through elevating ROS scavenging ability and enzymatic antioxidant activity in digestive organs. Secondly, our data demonstrated that the appropriate concentration of CuSO4 to induce the decrease in feed intake (FI) was 0.8 mg Cu L-1 water. Dietary EAs returned to FI of Crucian carp treated with CuSO4. The appropriate concentration of EAs for recovery of FI was estimated to be 4.25 g kg-1 diet. Moreover, dietary EAs suppressed the CuSO4-induced decrease in digestion and absorption capacity and increase in protein metabolism in digestive organs of Crucian carp. Finally, the present results suggested that dietary EAs inhibited the trichlorfon-induced rollover (loss of equilibrium) in Crucian carp. The appropriate concentration of EAs for inhibition of rollover was estimated to be 4.18 g kg-1 diet. Moreover, trichlorfon stimulated not only the decrease in energy metabolism but also lipid and protein oxidation, suggesting that trichlorfon caused loss of function and oxidative damage in muscles of fish. However, dietary EAs improved muscular function and inhibited oxidative damage via quenching ROS and elevating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity in muscles of trichlorfon-induced fish. So, EAs could be used as an inhibitor of high density, CuSO4, and trichlorfon stress in fish.

The effects of ethoxyquin and Angelica sinensis extracts on lipid oxidation in fish feeds and growth, digestive and absorptive capacities and antioxidant status in juvenile red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis): a comparative study.

Firstly, a linoleic and linolenic acid emulsion and fish feeds were incubated with graded levels of ethoxyquin (EQ) and petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract (EAE), ethanol extract and aqueous extract of Angelica sinensis. The results showed that EQ and extracts of Angelica sinensis (EAs) inhibited lipid oxidation in material above. Of all of the examined EAs, EAE showed the strongest protective effects against the lipid oxidation. Moreover, EAE at high concentrations showed a stronger inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation than that of EQ. Next, 7 experimental diets that respectively supplemented 0.0, 0.2, 0.8 and 3.2 g kg-1 of EQ and EAE were fed to 280 juvenile red carp (Cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis) with seven treatment groups for 30 days. The results indicated that dietary EAE improved growth performance in carp. Moreover, dietary EAE increased the activities of trypsin, lipase, alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and decreased plasma ammonia content in carp. Meanwhile, dietary EAE reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and raised the activities of anti-superoxide anion, anti-hydroxyl radical, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase and the content of reduced glutathione in the hepatopancreas and intestine of carp. However, with the exception of GPT, dietary EQ got the opposite results to dietary EAE in carp. These results revealed that dietary EAE improved the digestive, absorptive and antioxidant capacities in fish. However, dietary EQ inhibited the digestive, absorptive and antioxidant capacities in fish. So, EAE could be used as a natural antioxidant for replacing EQ in fish feeds.

Analysis of Bacterial Flora Structure of Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage Due to Hyperactivity of Liver-Yang by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Technique / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the difference of intestinal flora between the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang and the healthy population. Method: The fecal samples of 9 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang from the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine in 2018 were selected as observation group,and 6 stool samples from healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The total bacterial DNA was extracted from the two groups of samples,amplified according to the 16S rRNA V4 region,and paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform.The sequencing results were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis software.The flora composition and structure of the samples from two groups were compared. Result:Venn analysis of operational taxonomic units(OTU) showed significant difference in OTU numbers between the observation group and control group.Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) showed that there was a significant difference in the composition of intestinal flora between patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and healthy subjects.On the analysis of species and abundance,at the classification level of phylum,compared with the control group,the ratio of relative abundance values of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes(F/B) in the observation group was significantly increased,and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly decreased(PPrevotella,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,Blautia and Acidaminococcus(PPBacteroides and Prevotella(B/P) in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group;at the classification level of species,there were significant differences between the two groups in P. copri,A. muciniphila,B. ovatus,B. fragilis and Ruminococcus callidus(PPConclusion:Acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang is associated with structural disorder of intestinal flora,which is closely related to the decrease in relative abundance of P. copri and A. muciniphila.

[Effect of NH4(+) -N/NO3(-)-N ratio in applied supplementary fertilizer on nitrogen metabolism and main chemical composition of Pinellia ternata].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nitrogen forms on nitrogen metabolism and main chemical composition of Pinellia ternate. METHOD: Through the soilless cultivation experiment and based at the same nitrogen level and different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratios, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in different parts of P. ternate were determined. The contents of total alkaloid, free total organic acids and guanosine in the tuber were determined. The yield of bulbil and tuber was calculated. RESULT: The test results showed that, with the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio increasing, the activity of nitrate reductase decreased, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the leaves, petioles and tuber increasing initially, then decreased, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the root decreased. Meanwhile, with the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio increasing, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the leaves, petioles and root increased, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the tuber increasing initially, then decreased. The contents of ammonium nitrogen in the leaves, tuber and root increased initially, then decreased, and the contents of ammonium nitrogen in the petioles increased with the NH4(+)(-N/NO3(-)-N ratio increasing. The yield of bulbil and tuber were the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 75: 25. The content of total alkaloid and guanosine in the tuber were the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100, and the contents were 0.245% and 0.0197% respectively. With the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 50: 50, the content of free total organic acids was the highest, it reached 0.7%, however, the content of free total organic acids was the lowest at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100. CONCLUSION: Nitrogen fertilization significant influences the nitrogen metabolism, the yield and main chemical composition of P. ternate.

Aqueous extracts of Ocimum grasstimum inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression in airway epithelial cell BEAS-2B / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antiinflammatory activities of aqueous extract of Occimum gratissmium (OGE) with emphasis on expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cell BEAS-2B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Effects of OGE on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. mRNA expression were analyzed by and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. Activation of kinase cascades was investigated by immunoblot. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OGE (<200 μg/mL) treatment or pretreatment and following LPS exposure slightly affected viability of BEAS-2B cells. Increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and the elevated level of intracellular ROS in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were diminished by OGE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. OGE suppressed inflammatory response-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt activation. Additionally, OGE pretreatment increased level of cellular inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings indicate that significant suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells by OGE may be attributed to inhibiting activation of MAPKs and Akt and consequently suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB.</p>