[Effects of turbulent fluctuation intensity on the growth of algae and water environment].

Through a self-designed vertically oscillating grid experiment device, the experiment was carried out to research the effects of the turbulence fluctuation intensity on the growth of algae and water environment in the water with adequate nutrients by changing the vibration frequency under a certain light and temperature conditions. The results showed that: the turbulent fluctuation has significant effects on algae growing that weak turbulence fluctuation can promote the growth of algae and strong turbulence fluctuation will inhibit the growth of algae in the range of experimental level. With the increase of the turbulent fluctuation intensity, the peak of algal biomass gradually delayed. Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in the experimental process have significant differences, when the vibration frequency was up to 2.0 Hz, the maximum reduction of TN and TP were 55.2% and 69.0% lower compared with 0.5 Hz, which was closely associated with the growth of algae. With the intensity of turbulent fluctuation increases, nitrogen-phosphorus ratio first increases and then decreases corresponding to the peak of the algal biomass. Turbulent fluctuation can promote the pH and, dissolved oxygen quickly adjusted to the level of algae growing required, and the most appropriate value remains unchanged.

The simulation research of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in Xiao-Jiang watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir area.

Xiao-jiang, with a basin area of almost 5,276 km(2) and a length of 182.4 km, is located in the center of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and is the largest tributary of the central section in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, farmland accounts for a large proportion of Xiao-jiang watershed, and the hilly cropland of purple soil is much of the farmland of the watershed. After the second phase of water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir, the majority of sub-rivers in the reservoir area experienced eutrophication phenomenon frequently, and non-point source (NPS) pollution has become an important source of pollution in Xiao-jiang Watershed. Because dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution are related to surface runoff and interflow, using climatic, topographic and land cover data from the internet and research institutes, the Semi-Distributed Land-use Runoff Process (SLURP) hydrological model was introduced to simulate the complete hydrological cycle of the Xiao-jiang Watershed. Based on the SLURP distributed hydrological model, non-point source pollution annual output load models of land use and rural residents were respectively established. Therefore, using GIS technology, considering the losses of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the course of transport, a dissolved non-point source pollution load dynamic model was established by the organic coupling of the SLURP hydrological model and land-use output model. Through the above dynamic model, the annual dissolved non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution output as well as the load in different types were simulated and quantitatively estimated from 2001 to 2008, furthermore, the loads of Xiao-jiang Watershed were calculated and expressed by temporal and spatial distribution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The simulation results show that: the temporal changes of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus load in the watershed are close to the inter-annual changes of rainfall runoff, and the different land-use type distribution has great impacts on the spatial changes of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus load in the watershed; The nitrogen and phosphorus load of different land-use types in size with descending order is, glebe and mixed land, paddy, grassland, urban land, forestland; however, for the phosphorus load, the unit area output load of glebe and mixed land is almost the same as for paddy fields; The output contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load from land-use accounts for 78%-85%, while the output contribution from livestock and poultry occupies 13%-20%. The established load model was verified by observation data, simulation results show that the established model is reasonable, simulation accuracy is higher.

[Adsorbed non-point source pollution load of Jialing River basin].

Based on the American Universal Soil Loss Equation, focused on the two main factors that are hydrology condition and land management practice which can influence the soil loss in the watershed change yearly, and took into account the sediment transport process which can effect the soil loss differ spatially, a new sediment load evaluation method was put forward which can reflect the yearly change process of soil loss. Took Jialing River basin as a research example and validated the new evaluation method. Furthermore, according to the correlation between the sediment load and adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load, established a yearly load evaluation model of the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. By virtue of the geographical information technology, the yearly load and spatial distribution of the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution due to soil erosion in the Jialing River basin from 1990 to 2005 have been studied by the established model. The results show that adsorbed phase of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are quite seriously in the subbasin of Bailong River and Xihanshui River. In recent years, adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads have declined year by year because of the conservation practices of soil and water in this basin. The average loads of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution are 34 423 t/a and 1 848 t/a respectively in the past five years, which have reduced by about 60% from 1990.