Vitamin E and organic selenium for broilers from 22 to 42 days old: performance and carcass traits

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on performance, viability, productive efficiency, and yields of carcass, major cuts, and organs of broilers from 22 to 42 days submitted to cyclic-heat stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of selenium (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin E (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg), plus a control treatment. Animals were submitted to a natural condition of high cyclic temperature. Organic selenium levels of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg associated with 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin E were tested. The level of vitamin E did not affect the performance or production efficiency of broilers in the period from 22 to 33 days and 22 to 42 days. However, the selenium inclusion level of 0.3 mg/kg improved the viability in both phases. The yields of carcass, major cuts, intestine, and heart were not influenced by the levels of selenium and vitamin E, whereas abdominal fat for the selenium level 0.1 mg/kg decreased linearly with the inclusion in vitamin E.

Vitamin E and organic selenium for broilers from 22 to 42 days old: performance and carcass traits.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on performance, viability, productive efficiency, and yields of carcass, major cuts, and organs of broilers from 22 to 42 days submitted to cyclic-heat stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of selenium (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin E (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg), plus a control treatment. Animals were submitted to a natural condition of high cyclic temperature. Organic selenium levels of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg associated with 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin E were tested. The level of vitamin E did not affect the performance or production efficiency of broilers in the period from 22 to 33 days and 22 to 42 days. However, the selenium inclusion level of 0.3 mg/kg improved the viability in both phases. The yields of carcass, major cuts, intestine, and heart were not influenced by the levels of selenium and vitamin E, whereas abdominal fat for the selenium level 0.1 mg/kg decreased linearly with the inclusion in vitamin E.

Bone characteristics of pigs fed different sources of phosphorus / Características óseas de cerdos alimentados con diferentes fuentes de fósforo / Características ósseas de suínos alimentados com diferentes fontes de fósforo

Summary Background: phosphorus supplementation should help to keep bone integrity and prevent fractures during the development and slaughter of animals. Objective: to evaluate the effect of different phosphorus sources on one characteristics of pigs. Methods: one-hundred and twelve piglets (28.65 ± 2.82 Kg body weight) were distributed into an 8×2 factorial arrangement (eight sources of phosphorus × two sexes) in blocks in a completely randomized design. The diets were formulated on a total-phosphorus basis, with 0.32 and 0.31% of P for the control diet and 0.56 and 0.42% of P for the other treatments in the growth and finishing phases, respectively. Phosphorus was supplemented as dicalcium phosphate (DCP); mono-dicalcium phosphate (MDCP); triple superphosphate (TSP); single superphosphate (SSP); Catalão-rock phosphate (ROCK); a mixture of sources (MIX); phosphoric acid (PPA); and the control diet (CTR). Results: there was no interaction between phosphorus sources and sex in any of the parameters. Thickness of the compact tissue was the lowest in the CTR, differing from the diets containing DCP, MDCP, and PPA, followed by diets SSP, TSP, and ROCK, with the greatest value for MDCP. Porosity of the compact tissue was higher for the CTR and SSP diets. Conclusion: the use of less elaborate sources of phosphorus, such as rock phosphate and single superphosphate, was less effective than the other sources to improve bone integrity of pigs.

Resumen Antecedentes: la suplementación dietaria con fósforo ayuda a mantener la integridad del hueso y prevenir fracturas durante el desarrollo y sacrificio de los animales. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de diferentes fuentes de fósforo sobre las características óseas de los cerdos. Métodos: ciento doce lechones (peso corporal: 28,65 ± 2,82 Kg) se distribuyeron en un arreglo factorial 8×2 (ocho fuentes de fósforo × dos sexos) en bloques al azar. Las dietas se formularon con base en fósforo total, con 0,32 y 0,31% de P para la dieta control y 0,56 y 0,42% de P para los otros tratamientos en las fases de crecimiento y finalización, respectivamente. El fósforo se suplementó como fosfato dicálcico (DCP), monofosfato dicálcico (MDCP), superfosfato triple (TSP), superfosfato simple (SSP), fosfato de roca Catalão (ROCK), mezcla de fuentes (MIX), ácido fosfórico (PPA) y dieta control (CTR). Resultados: no se observó interacción entre las fuentes de fósforo y el sexo en ninguno de los parámetros estudiados. El espesor del tejido compacto fue más bajo en el CTR, y diferente a las dietas que contenían DCP, MDCP y PPA, seguido por las dietas SSP, TSP y ROCK; con el mayor valor para MDCP. La porosidad del tejido compacto fue mayor para las dietas CTR y SSP. Conclusión: el uso de fuentes menos elaboradas de fósforo, tales como el fosfato de roca y superfosfato simple, fue menos efectivo que las otras fuentes en mejorar la integridad ósea de los cerdos.

Resumo Antecedentes: a suplementação de fósforo deve manter a integridade do tecido ósseo e prevenir fraturas durante o desenvolvimento e abate dos animais. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de fósforo sobre as características ósseas dos suínos. Métodos: cento e doze leitões com peso médio inicial de 28,65 ± 2,82 Kg foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 8×2 (oito fontes de fósforo × dois sexos) em blocos casualizados. As dietas foram formuladas baseadas em fósforo total com 0,32 e 0,31% de P para a dieta controle e com 0,56 e 0,42% de P para os outros tratamentos nas fases de crescimento e terminação, respectivamente. O fósforo nas dietas foi suplementado com fosfato bicálcico (DCP); mono-fosfato bicálcico (MDCP); superfosfato triplo (TSP); superfosfato simples (SSP); fosfato de rocha Catalão (ROCK); uma mistura de fontes (MIX); ácido fosfórico (PPA); e a dieta controle (CTR). Resultados: não houve interação entre as fontes de fósforo e sexo dos animais para qualquer um dos parâmetros estudados. A espessura do tecido compacto é menor na CTR, diferenciando-se das dietas DCP, MDCP e PPA, seguido pelas dietas SSP, TSP e ROCK, sendo que o maior valor foi observado na dieta com MDCP. A porosidade do tecido compacto foi maior com as dietas CTR e SSP. Conclusão: o uso de fontes menos elaboradas de fósforo como superfosfato simples e fosfato de rocha foram menos eficientes do que os outros tratamentos para melhorar a integridade óssea de suínos.