The branched mitochondrial respiratory chain from the jellyfish Stomolophus sp2 as a probable adaptive response to environmental changes.

During their long evolutionary history, jellyfish have faced changes in multiple environmental factors, to which they may selectively fix adaptations, allowing some species to survive and inhabit diverse environments. Previous findings have confirmed the jellyfish's ability to synthesize large ATP amounts, mainly produced by mitochondria, in response to environmental challenges. This study characterized the respiratory chain from the mitochondria of the jellyfish Stomolophus sp2 (previously misidentified as Stomolophus meleagris). The in-gel activity from isolated jellyfish mitochondria confirmed that the mitochondrial respiratory chain contains the four canonical complexes I to IV and F0F1-ATP synthase. Specific additional activity bands, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry identification confirmed the occurrence of four alternative enzymes integrated into a branched mitochondrial respiratory chain of Stomolophus sp2: an alternative oxidase and three dehydrogenases (two NADH type II enzymes and a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The analysis of each transcript sequence, their phylogenetic relationships, and each protein's predicted models confirmed the mitochondrial alternative enzymes' identity and specific characteristics. Although no statistical differences were found among the mean values of transcript abundance of each enzyme in the transcriptomes of jellyfish exposed to three different temperatures, it was confirmed that each gene was expressed at all tested conditions. These first-time reported enzymes in cnidarians suggest the adaptative ability of jellyfish's mitochondria to display rapid metabolic responses, as previously described, to maintain energetic homeostasis and face temperature variations due to climate change.

Development and validation of a methodology for quantifying parts-per-billion levels of arsine and phosphine in nitrogen, hydrogen and liquefied petroleum gas using a variable pressure sampler coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The reliable determination of arsine (AsH3) and phosphine (PH3) in hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is of great importance because of its drastic effects on the efficiency of catalysts, as well as the strict regulations associated with health, safety and environmental issues. It is challenging for an analyst to determine the parts per billion of AsH3 and PH3 in H2, N2, and LPG at low and high pressures without collection procedures using adsorption, desorption, and dissolution techniques. To overcome this analytical need an analytical methodology was developed, employing a variable pressure sampler (VPS) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification and quantification of traces of AsH3 and PH3. The instrumentation, tubing and accessories of the VPS were made of passivated steel to avoid losses from absorption of AsH3 and PH3 in the steel which would generate significant analytical problems. The VPS had a homogeneous heating block that prevented analyte losses from condensation. With the VPS, 24 AsH3 and PH3 standards were prepared between 0.005 and 0.1 mg kg-1 in balance of H2, N2 and LPG. The separation and quantification of the analytes was achieved with an improved GC with 4 valves and 5 columns in series that guaranteed the elimination of impurities. The proposed method was optimized in VPS and GC-MS and then validated showing highly accaptable linearity (r2 > 0.9999), detection limits (<0.0009 mg kg-1), limits of quantification (<0.003 mg kg-1), intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy (<1.14% and ≤3.0% respectively), recovery for the standard addition (86-109%), P values> 0.05 for the test Student's t paired who evaluated the effect of the matrix on pressure and concentration. The speed of analysis was high (<5.2 min). The method was applied to real samples, showing values between 0.005 and 0.1 mg kg-1 and an effect on the efficiency of the Ziegler Natta catalyst between 5 and 56%.

Quantification and elimination of substituted synthetic phenols and volatile organic compounds in the wastewater treatment plant during the production of industrial scale polypropylene.

Substituted synthetic phenols and VOC as industrial waste in water and gases from a polypropylene (PP) production plant were the focus of this research. The scope of the study included two levels of the process which were: extrusion and desorber. A total of 264 samples were taken of the liquid and gas affluent and effluent. Waste water and residual gases were collected during the processing of 6 grades of PP with melt flow index of 25, 20, 15, 10, 2 and 1. The monitoring programs were carried out over the course of a year and the samples were taken at different times in order to evaluate the stability and magnitude of a possible environmental impact of the process. Five phenols were identified in the wastewater and a total of 41 VOCs were found in the gas sample. The selection of these phenols was based principally on their high consumption given the need to improve the thermo-oxidative properties of the PP. For the study of the VOC, a new methodology was developed permitting simultaneous analysis by GC-MS/PDHID/FID combining 7 valves, 8 columns and 3 detectors. In the past the wastewaters were treated with solid phase extraction cartridges and the substituted phenols were analyzed by HPLC with DAD. In the VOCs 7 alkanes, 8 alkenes, 2 alkynes, 7 alcohols, 4 ketones, 2 carboxylic acids, 4 permanent gases, 4 sulfides and 3 thiols were detected. The 5 phenols identified were Irganox 1076, DTF, Etanox 330, Irganox 1010 and Cyanox 1790, and the highest concentrations of each one of these were identified in wastewater from the cutting of pellets with values of 380, 366, 396, 331 y 330 ppm respectively. The wastewater from the desorber showed the highest values for Irganox 1076 and DTF with maximum levels of 250 and 213 ppm respectively. These maximum values were obtained after processing the PP with a melt flow index of 25. The grades with fluidity of 1 and 2 generated the least migration of these phenols to the wastewater. The two industrial wastewater samples were transported to the wastewater treatment plant where the Irganox 1076 and the DTF were completely eliminated in the treatment process. The concentrations of Irganox 1010, Cyanox 1790 and Ethanox 330 were reduced over 90%.

Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: Insuficiencia respiratoria / Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): Respiratory failure

La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave que precisa ventilación mecánica es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de los pacientes en UCI. Entre las etiologías más frecuentes se encuentran la reagudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda con lesión pulmonar aguda o con criterios de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo elevado de desnutrición por su enfermedad de base, por la situación catabólica en la que se encuentran y por el empleo de la ventilación mecánica. Ello justifica que estos pacientes deban ser valorados desde el punto de vista nutricional y que el uso de soporte nutricional especializado sea necesario. El soporte nutricional especializado debe paliar los efectos catabólicos de la enfermedad, evitar la sobrecarga de calorías y utilizar, en casos seleccionados, dietas específicas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos w-3 y antioxidantes que podrían mejorar el pronóstico (AU)

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patient s have a high risk of malnutrition due to the under lying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid- and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome (AU)

Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus SEMICYUC-SENPE: Respiratory failure / Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: Insuficiencia respiratoria

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome (AU)

La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave que precisa ventilación mecánica es una de las causas mas frecuentes de ingreso de los pacientes en UCI. Entre las etiologías mas frecuentes se encuentran la reagudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda con lesion pulmonar aguda o con criterios de síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo elevado de desnutrición por su enfermedad de base, por la situación catabólica en la que se encuentran y por el empleo de la ventilación mecánica. Ello justifica que estos pacientes deban ser valorados desde el punto de vista nutricional y que el uso de soporte nutricional especializado sea necesario. El soporte nutricional especializado debe paliar los efectos catabólicos de la enfermedad, evitar la sobrecarga de calorías y utilizar, en casos seleccionados, dietas especificas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos ω-3 y antioxidantes que podrían mejorar el pronostico (AU)

[Guidelines for specialized nutritional and metabolic support in the critically-ill patient. Update. Consensus of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units-Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SEMICYUC-SENPE): respiratory failure]. / Recomendaciones para el soporte nutricional y metabólico especializado del paciente crítico. Actualización. Consenso SEMICYUC-SENPE: insuficiencia respiratoria.

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation. Consequently, nutritional evaluation and the use of specialized nutritional support are required. This support should alleviate the catabolic effects of the disease, avoid calorie overload and, in selected patients, to use omega-3 fatty acid- and antioxidant-enriched diets, which could improve outcome.

Gamma-linolenic acid from Cape Verdian Boraginaceae.

The distribution of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was studied in the seed oil of six Cape Verdian Boraginaceae. The GLA ranges from trace levels in the three Heliotropum surveyed to 22.2% on saponifiable oil in Echium stenosiphon. All Echium species had GLA percentages in their seed oil around 20%. Echium seeds yield saponifiable oil from 15.8% (E. stenosiphon) to 17.3% (E. hypertropicum).