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BACKGROUND: Telomere Length (TL), a marker of cellular aging, holds promise as a biomarker to elucidate the molecular mechanism of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether shorter telomeres are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in patients with coronary heart disease; and to determine whether the most suitable dietary patterns, particularly a Mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet, can mitigate the development of diabetes in these patients after a follow-up period of five years. METHODS: The CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (CORDIOPREV study) was a single-centre, randomised clinical trial done at the Reina Sofia University Hospital in Córdoba, Spain. Patients with established coronary heart disease (aged 20-75 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by the Andalusian School of Public Health to receive two healthy diets. Clinical investigators were masked to treatment assignment; participants were not. Quantitative-PCR was used to assess TL measurements. FINDINGS: 1002 patients (59.5 ± 8.7 years and 82.5% men) were enrolled into Mediterranean diet (n = 502) or a low-fat diet (n = 500) groups. In this analysis, we included all 462 patients who did not have T2DM at baseline. Among them, 107 patients developed T2DM after a median of 60 months. Cox regression analyses showed that patients at risk of short telomeres (TL < percentile 20th) are more likely to experience T2DM than those at no risk of short telomeres (HR 1.65, p-value 0.023). In terms of diet, patients at high risk of short telomeres had a higher risk of T2DM incidence after consuming a low-fat diet compared to patients at no risk of short telomeres (HR 2.43, 95CI% 1.26 to 4.69, p-value 0.008), while no differences were observed in the Mediterranean diet group. CONCLUSION: Patients with shorter TL presented a higher risk of developing T2DM. This association could be mitigated with a specific dietary pattern, in our case a Mediterranean diet, to prevent T2DM in patients with coronary heart disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT00924937.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad Coronaria , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dieta Mediterránea , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Enfermedad Coronaria/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Telómero , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , AncianoRESUMEN
In this work, the influence of the Sargassum natans I alga extract on the morphological characteristics of synthesized ZnO nanostructures, with potential biological and environmental applications, was evaluated. For this purpose, different ZnO geometries were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, using Sargassum natans I alga extract as stabilizing agent. Four extract volumes (5, 10, 20, and 50 mL) were evaluated to obtain the different nanostructures. Moreover, a sample by chemical synthesis, without the addition of extract, was prepared. The characterization of the ZnO samples was carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the Sargassum alga extract has a fundamental role in the stabilization process of the ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, it was shown that the increase in the Sargassum alga extract leads to preferential growth and arrangement, obtaining well-defined shaped particles. ZnO nanostructures demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory response by the in vitro egg albumin protein denaturation for biological purposes. Additionally, quantitative antibacterial analysis (AA) showed that the ZnO nanostructures synthesized with 10 and 20 mL of extract demonstrated high AA against Gram (+) S. aureus and moderate AA behavior against Gram (-) P. aeruginosa, depending on the ZnO arrangement induced by the Sargassum natans I alga extract and the nanoparticles' concentration (ca. 3200 µg/mL). Additionally, ZnO samples were evaluated as photocatalytic materials through the degradation of organic dyes. Complete degradation of both methyl violet and malachite green were achieved using the ZnO sample synthesized with 50 mL of extract. In all cases, the well-defined morphology of ZnO induced by the Sargassum natans I alga extract played a key role in the combined biological/environmental performance.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Sargassum , Óxido de Zinc , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Óxido de Zinc/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Difracción de Rayos X , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
The present work shows the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles through a green method, using sargassum extracts, which provide the reducing and stabilizing compounds. The conditions of the medium in which the reaction was carried out was evaluated, that is, magnetic stirring, ultrasound assisted, and resting condition. UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction results confirmed the synthesis of ZnO with nanometric crystal size. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology and size of the particles depends on the synthesis condition used. It obtained particles between 20 and 200 nm in the sample without agitation, while the samples with stirring and ultrasound were 80 nm and 100 nm, respectively. ZnO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa. A quantitative analysis was performed by varying the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. In all cases, the antibacterial activity against Gram-positives was greater than against Gram-negatives. Ultrasound-assisted ZnO nanoparticles showed the highest activity, around 99% and 80% for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO nanoparticles; the ultrasound-assisted sample exhibited the highest percentage (93%), even above that shown by diclofenac, which was used as a reference. Therefore, the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with sargassum extracts have properties that can be used safely and efficiently in the field of biomedicine.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Sargassum , Óxido de Zinc , Sargassum/química , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Óxido de Zinc/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Difracción de Rayos X , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim was to assess 1-year changes of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), sedentary behavior, and diet quality according to MetS severity in older population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective analysis of 55-75-year-old 4359 overweight/obese participants with MetS (PREDIMED-Plus trial) categorized in tertiles according to 1-year changes of a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, triglycerides and glucose index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, dietary inflammatory index, and depression symptoms were measured. Diet quality was assessed by 17-item MD questionnaire. PAs were self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire and 30-s chair stand test. Sedentary behaviors were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. After 1-year follow-up, decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals, white fish, and bluefish and low intake of refined cereals, red and processed meat, cookies/sweets, and snacks/ready-to-eat-meals. It resulted in high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, protein, fiber, vitamins B1, B6, B9, C, D, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus and low glycemic index and saturated fatty acid, trans fatty acid, and carbohydrates intake. Regarding PA and sedentary behavior, decreasing MetSSS was associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, chair stand test, and decreased sedentary and TV-viewing time. CONCLUSION: Decreasing MetSSS was associated with an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, high LTPA, high MD adherence, low sedentary time, and low depression risk.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Dieta Saludable , Dieta Mediterránea , Ejercicio Físico , Síndrome Metabólico/prevención & control , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Conducta Sedentaria , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Estado Funcional , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Nutritivo , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores Protectores , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España/epidemiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which plays a key role in the electron transport chain by providing an adequate, efficient supply of energy, has another relevant function as an antioxidant, acting in mitochondria, other cell compartments, and plasma lipoproteins. CoQ10 deficiency is present in chronic and age-related diseases. In particular, in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there is a reduced bioavailability of CoQ10 since statins, one of the most common lipid-lowering drugs, inhibit the common pathway shared by CoQ10 endogenous biosynthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis. Different clinical trials have analyzed the effect of CoQ10 supplementation as a treatment to ameliorate these deficiencies in the context of CVDs. In this review, we focus on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation and the clinical implications in the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid and lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, or endothelial function) as well as in a therapeutic approach for the reduction of the clinical complications of CVD.
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It remains unclear whether caffeinated beverages could have deleterious renal effects in elderly population with underlying comorbid conditions. We investigated the associations between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large Spanish cohort of overweight/obese elderly with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective analysis includes 5851 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) with MetS from the PREDIMED-Plus study. We assessed coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption from a validated food-frequency questionnaire and creatinine-based eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate-adjusted regression models were applied to test associations between baseline coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year eGFR changes. Caffeinated coffee (> 2 cups/day) and tea (at least 1 cup/day) drinkers had 0.88 and 0.93 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease respectively, compared to those with less than 1 cup/day of coffee consumption or non-tea drinkers. Furthermore, caffeinated coffee consumption of > 2 cups/day was associated with 1.19-fold increased risk of rapid eGFR decline > 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 1.01-1.41). Similarly, individuals in the highest (median, 51.2 mg/day) tertile of caffeine intake had a 0.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with eGFR changes. In conclusion, higher consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, and caffeine was associated with a greater 1-year eGFR decline in overweight/obese adults with MetS.
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Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Café , Conducta de Ingestión de Líquido , Riñón/fisiopatología , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Té , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased worldwide. One of the first actions to reduce the risk of this disease is to implement healthy dietary models; however, no universal dietary strategies have so far been established. In addition, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as new biomarkers to predict disease. We aimed to study whether miRNAs could be used to select the nutritional therapy to prevent T2DM development in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS: All patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2DM at baseline according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnostic criteria (n = 462) were included in the present study. Of them, after a median dietary intervention period of 60 months with two diets (Low fat or Mediterranean diets), 107 developed T2DM and 355 subjects did not develop the disease. The plasma levels of 24 miRNAs were measured at baseline by qRT-PCR. The risk of T2DM was evaluated by Cox regression analysis based on the plasma levels of the miRNAs at baseline and according to the dietary intervention. Finally, pathways analyses were carried out to identify target genes regulated by the miRNAs studied and cellular processes which could be associated with T2DM development. RESULTS: Cox regression analyses showed that patients with low plasma levels of miR-145 at baseline showed a higher risk of developing T2DM after consumption of an LFHCC diet. In addition, patients with low levels of miR-29a, miR-28-3p and miR-126 and high plasma levels of miR-150 at baseline showed a higher risk of developing T2DM after consumption of the Med diet. Finally, pathways analysis showed an interaction of miR-126 and miR-29a in the modulation of FoxO, TNF-α, PI3K-AKT, p53 and mTOR signaling, associated with T2DM development. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that circulating miRNAs could be used in clinical practice as a new tool for selecting the most suitable diet to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus development in patients with cardiovascular disease. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT00924937.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dieta Mediterránea , MicroARNs/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Apart from its main function in the mitochondria as a key element in electron transport, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been described as having multiple functions, such as oxidant action in the generation of signals and the control of membrane structure and phospholipid and cellular redox status. Among these, the most relevant and most frequently studied function is the potent antioxidant capability of its coexistent redox forms. Different clinical trials have investigated the effect of CoQ10 supplementation and its ability to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we focused on recent advances in CoQ10 supplementation, its role as an antioxidant, and the clinical implications that this entails in the treatment of chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. As an antioxidant, CoQ10 has proved to be of potential use as a treatment in diseases in which oxidative stress is a hallmark, and beneficial effects of CoQ10 have been reported in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, it is crucial to reach a consensus on the optimal dose and the use of different formulations, which vary from ubiquinol or ubiquinone Ubisol-Q10 or Qter®, to new analogues such as MitoQ, before we can draw a clear conclusion about its clinical use. In addition, a major effort must be made to demonstrate its beneficial effects in clinical trials, with a view to making the implementation of CoQ10 possible in clinical practice.
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Enfermedad Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ubiquinona/administración & dosificación , Ubiquinona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The vitamin D endocrine system may have a variety of actions on cells and tissues involved in COVID-19 progression especially by decreasing the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Calcifediol can rapidly increase serum 25OHD concentration. We therefore evaluated the effect of calcifediol treatment, on Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality rate among Spanish patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN: Parallel pilot randomized open label, double-masked clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital setting (Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba Spain.) PARTICIPANTS: 76 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, clinical picture of acute respiratory infection, confirmed by a radiographic pattern of viral pneumonia and by a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR with CURB65 severity scale (recommending hospital admission in case of total score > 1). PROCEDURES: All hospitalized patients received as best available therapy the same standard care, (per hospital protocol), of a combination of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg every 12 h on the first day, and 200 mg every 12 h for the following 5 days), azithromycin (500 mg orally for 5 days. Eligible patients were allocated at a 2 calcifediol:1 no calcifediol ratio through electronic randomization on the day of admission to take oral calcifediol (0.532 mg), or not. Patients in the calcifediol treatment group continued with oral calcifediol (0.266 mg) on day 3 and 7, and then weekly until discharge or ICU admission. Outcomes of effectiveness included rate of ICU admission and deaths. RESULTS: Of 50 patients treated with calcifediol, one required admission to the ICU (2%), while of 26 untreated patients, 13 required admission (50 %) p value X2 Fischer test p < 0.001. Univariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment versus without Calcifediol treatment: 0.02 (95 %CI 0.002-0.17). Multivariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment vs Without Calcifediol treatment ICU (adjusting by Hypertension and T2DM): 0.03 (95 %CI: 0.003-0.25). Of the patients treated with calcifediol, none died, and all were discharged, without complications. The 13 patients not treated with calcifediol, who were not admitted to the ICU, were discharged. Of the 13 patients admitted to the ICU, two died and the remaining 11 were discharged. CONCLUSION: Our pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of Calcifediol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a main metabolite of vitamin D endocrine system, significantly reduced the need for ICU treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer.
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Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Calcifediol/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Proyectos Piloto , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/virología , Pronóstico , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Oral diabetes-specific nutritional supplements (ONS-D) induce favourable postprandial responses in subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM2), but they have not been correlated yet with incretin release and subjective appetite (SA). This randomised, double-blind, cross-over study compared postprandial effects of ONS-D with isomaltulose and sucromalt versus standard formula (ET) on glycaemic index (GI), insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and SA in 16 individuals with DM2. After overnight fasting, subjects consumed a portion of supplements containing 25 g of carbohydrates or reference food. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min; and SA sensations were assessed by a visual analogue scale on separate days. Glycaemic index values were low for ONS-D and intermediate for ET (p < 0.001). The insulin area under the curve (AUC0-180 min) (p < 0.02) and GIP AUC (p < 0.02) were lower after ONS-D and higher GLP-1 AUC when compared with ET (p < 0.05). Subjective appetite AUC was greater after ET than ONS-D (p < 0.05). Interactions between hormones, hunger, fullness and GI were found, but not within the ratings of SA; isomaltulose and sucromalt may have influenced these factors.
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Regulación del Apetito , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Disacáridos/administración & dosificación , Fructosa/administración & dosificación , Índice Glucémico , Isomaltosa/administración & dosificación , Hormonas Peptídicas/sangre , Administración Oral , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Disacáridos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Fructosa/efectos adversos , Polipéptido Inhibidor Gástrico/sangre , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Isomaltosa/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous molecule present in all eukaryotic organisms whose principal role in the cell is related to its participation in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. CoQ10 plays a major role in the control of cell redox status, and both the amount and functionality of this molecule have been related to the regulation of reactive oxygen species generation. Numerous reports can be found discussing the implications of CoQ10 supplementation in human studies and clinical trials related to aging. However, few reviews have made an updating through the translational point of view to integrate both basic and clinical aspects. The aim of this paper is to review our current knowledge from CoQ10 implications at biochemical and physiological level, in order to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in its application in clinical practice. Although the importance of CoQ10 has been mainly attributed to its role as an agent for energy transduction in mitochondria, new functions for CoQ10 have been described in the recent past years, including anti-inflammatory effects, gene expression regulation and lipid bilayer membranes stabilization, which explain its involvement in aging and age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Envejecimiento/patología , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Vitaminas/fisiología , Animales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Modelos Animales , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxidación-Reducción , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Ubiquinona/química , Ubiquinona/metabolismo , Ubiquinona/fisiología , Ubiquinona/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress are elevated with aging and dysmetabolic conditions. Because a Mediterranean (Med) diet reduces oxidative stress, serum AGEs levels, and gene expression related to AGEs metabolism in healthy elderly people, we studied whether supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) was of further benefit. Twenty participants aged ≥ 65 (10 men and 10 women) were randomly assigned to each of three isocaloric diets for successive periods of 4 weeks in a crossover design: Med diet, Med + CoQ, and a Western high-saturated-fat diet (SFA diet). After a 12-hour fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with a fat composition similar to the previous diet period. Analyses included dietary AGEs consumed, serum AGEs and AGE receptor-1 (AGER1), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), glyoxalase I (GloxI), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA levels. Med diet modulated redox-state parameters, reducing AGEs levels and increasing AGER1 and GloxI mRNA levels compared with the SFA diet. This benefit was accentuated by adding CoQ, in particular, in the postprandial state. Because elevated oxidative stress/inflammation and AGEs are associated with clinical disease in aging, the enhanced protection of a Med diet supplemented with CoQ should be assessed in a larger clinical trial in which clinical conditions in aging are measured.
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Dieta Mediterránea , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Periodo Posprandial , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Anciano , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactoilglutatión Liasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , España , Ubiquinona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Currently the food industry has generated interest in non-nutritive sweeteners, for example Stevia and in special components such as L-carnitine, used in formulations of nutritional supplements for glycemic control specific for diabetics. The present study evaluated the effect of stevia and L-carnitine on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (CG) of a nutritional supplement in 19 healthy subjects (9 men and 10 women), who randomly completed 3 consumption tests, 1 for the supplement and 1 for each reference product: Glucose solution (SG) and white bread (PB), obtaining blood samples at the 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min times; for measurement of blood glucose, basal and postprandial insulin. The increase area under the glucose curve (IAUC) was lower for supplement 11,778.73 than for reference products (SG) 13,724.06; (PB) 13,153.56 α= p 0.005. IG = (62) and CG = (16) were intermediate and lower than white bread IG = (69) and CG = (18), with no difference in postprandial insulin. This demonstrates that this nutritional supplement formulated with stevia and L-carnitine is able to prolong the glycemic response without increasing the insulin requirements in healthy subjects. Specific studies are required in diabetics to validate whether the glycemic impact is lower than the standard product. The presence of other nutrients in the formula, influential in these indicators, does not allow to infer that the results are due only to the type of sweetener used and the L-carnitine.
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Glucemia/metabolismo , Carnitina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Índice Glucémico , Stevia , Edulcorantes , Complejo Vitamínico B , Adulto , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , MasculinoRESUMEN
Actualmente la industria alimentaria ha generado interés en edulcorantes no nutritivos, por ejemplo la estevia y en componentes especiales como la L-carnitina, utilizados en formulaciones de suplementos nutricionales para el control glicémico específicos para diabéticos. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la estevia y la L-carnitina sobre el índice glicémico (IG) y la carga glicémica (CG) de un suplemento nutricional en 19 sujetos sanos (9 hombres y 10 mujeres), quienes completaron aleatoriamente 3 pruebas de consumo, 1 para el suplemento y 1 para cada producto de referencia: solución glucosada (SG) y pan blanco (PB), obteniendo muestras de sangre a los tiempos 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 y 120 min; para medición de glicemias, e insulina basal y postprandial. El área de incremento bajo la curva de glucosa (IAUC) fue menor para el suplemento 11.778,73 que para los productos de referencia (SG) 13.724,06; (PB) 13.153,56 α = p 0,005. El IG = (62) y la CG = (16) resultaron intermedios y más bajos que el del pan blanco IG = (69) y la CG = (18), sin diferencias en la insulina postprandial. Esto demuestra que este suplemento nutricional formulado con estevia y L-carnitina es capaz de prolongar la respuesta glicémica sin aumentar los requerimientos insulínicos en sujetos sanos. Se requieren estudios específicos en diabéticos para validar si el impacto glicémico es menor que el producto patrón. La presencia de otros nutrientes en la fórmula, influyentes en estos indicadores, no permite inferir que los resultados se deban únicamente al tipo de endulzante utilizado y a la L-carnitina (AU)
Currently the food industry has generated interest in non-nutritive sweeteners, for example Stevia and in special components such as L-carnitine, used in formulations of nutritional supplements for glycemic control specific for diabetics. The present study evaluated the effect of stevia and L-carnitine on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (CG) of a nutritional supplement in 19 healthy subjects (9 men and 10 women), who randomly completed 3 consumption tests, 1 for the supplement and 1 for each reference product: Glucose solution (SG) and white bread (PB), obtaining blood samples at the 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min times; for measurement of blood glucose, basal and postprandial insulin. The increase area under the glucose curve (IAUC) was lower for supplement 11,778.73 than for reference products (SG) 13,724.06; (PB) 13,153.56 α = p 0.005. IG = (62) and CG = (16) were intermediate and lower than white bread IG = (69) and CG = (18), with no difference in postprandial insulin. This demonstrates that this nutritional supplement formulated with stevia and L-carnitine is able to prolong the glycemic response without increasing the insulin requirements in healthy subjects. Specific studies are required in diabetics to validate whether the glycemic impact is lower than the standard product. The presence of other nutrients in the formula, influential in these indicators, does not allow to infer that the results are due only to the type of sweetener used and the L-carnitine (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Índice Glucémico , Glucemia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Carnitina/uso terapéutico , Edulcorantes/metabolismo , Método Doble Ciego , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Antropometría/métodos , 28599RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Using sunflower oil as frying oil increases postprandial oxidative stress, which is considered the main endogenous source of DNA oxidative damage. We aimed to test whether the protective effect of virgin olive oil and oil models with added antioxidants against postprandial oxidative stress may also protect against DNA oxidative damage. METHODS: Twenty obese people received four breakfasts following a randomized crossover design consisting of different oils [virgin olive oil (VOO), sunflower oil (SFO), and a mixed seed oil (SFO/canola oil) with added dimethylpolysiloxane (SOX) or natural antioxidants from olives (SOP)], which were subjected to 20 heating cycles. RESULTS: We observed the postprandial increase in the mRNA levels of p53, OGG1, POLB, and GADD45b after the intake of the breakfast prepared with SFO and SOX, and an increase in the expression of MDM2, APEX1, and XPC after the intake of the breakfast prepared with SFO, whereas no significant changes at the postprandial state were observed after the intake of the other breakfasts (all p values <0.05). We observed lower 8-OHdG postprandial levels after the intake of the breakfast prepared with VOO and SOP than after the intake of the breakfast prepared with SFO and SOX (all p values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the beneficial effect on DNA oxidation damage of virgin olive oil and the oil models with added antioxidants, as compared to the detrimental use of sunflower oil, which induces p53-dependent DNA repair pathway activation.
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Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxicoguanosina , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos de Diferenciación/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análisis , Desayuno , Estudios Cruzados , ADN Glicosilasas/genética , ADN Glicosilasas/metabolismo , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Desoxiguanosina/sangre , Desoxiguanosina/orina , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/administración & dosificación , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad , Aceite de Oliva/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Oliva/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Periodo Posprandial , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Aceite de Brassica napus/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Brassica napus/análisis , Aceite de Girasol/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Girasol/análisis , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous data support the benefits of reducing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic risk factors. However, whether the IR status of those suffering from metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects this response is not established. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether the degree of IR influences the effect of substituting high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA) diets by isoenergetic alterations in the quality and quantity of dietary fat on MetS risk factors. DESIGN: In this single-blind, parallel, controlled, dietary intervention study, MetS subjects (n = 472) from 8 European countries classified by different IR levels according to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were randomly assigned to 4 diets: an HSFA diet; a high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet; a low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diet supplemented with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1.2 g/d); or an LFHCC diet supplemented with placebo for 12 wk (control). Anthropometric, lipid, inflammatory, and IR markers were determined. RESULTS: Insulin-resistant MetS subjects with the highest HOMA-IR improved IR, with reduced insulin and HOMA-IR concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and LFHCC n-3 diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, subjects with lower HOMA-IR showed reduced body mass index and waist circumference after consumption of the LFHCC control and LFHCC n-3 diets and increased HDL cholesterol concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and HSFA diets (P < 0.05). MetS subjects with a low to medium HOMA-IR exhibited reduced blood pressure, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels after the LFHCC n-3 diet and increased apolipoprotein A-I concentrations after consumption of the HMUFA and HSFA diets (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin-resistant MetS subjects with more metabolic complications responded differently to dietary fat modification, being more susceptible to a health effect from the substitution of SFAs in the HMUFA and LFHCC n-3 diets. Conversely, MetS subjects without IR may be more sensitive to the detrimental effects of HSFA intake. The metabolic phenotype of subjects clearly determines response to the quantity and quality of dietary fat on MetS risk factors, which suggests that targeted and personalized dietary therapies may be of value for its different metabolic features. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.
Asunto(s)
Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/epidemiología , Hiperlipidemias/etiología , Hiperlipidemias/prevención & control , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Método Simple Ciego , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
The quality of dietary fat critically influences health. In this consensus document the scientific evidence relating effects of dietary fat quantity and quality on cardiovascular risk is reviewed and recommendations for the Spanish adult population are issued. As a novelty in nutrition guidelines, emphasis is made more on parent foods than on fatty acids per se. In summary, replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces cardiovascular risk. Recent data suggest that SFA proper may be harmful or not depending on the parent food, a reason why an intake threshold is not established, but consumption of foods containing excess SFA, such as butter, some processed meats, and commercial confectionery and fried foods is discouraged. The established threshold of <1 % of energy intake as trans FA, well known to be harmful for cardiovascular risk, is fulfilled in Spain due in part to its present low levels in margarines. MUFA are beneficial or neutral for cardiovascular risk depending on their dietary sources (virgin olive oil versus other fats), and no intake limitations are established.n-6 PUFA are cardioprotective and recommended intakes (5-10 % of energy) are not always fulfilled in the Spanish population, thus increased consumption of their vegetable food sources (seeds, derived oils, and margarines)is encouraged. Marine n-3 PUFA are also cardioprotective and the recommendation stands to eat fatty fish≥2 servings/weeks to reach intake levels of at least 250 mg/day. Increasing evidence suggests that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable n-3 PUFA, is also cardioprotective,but the parent foods (walnuts, soy products,green-leaf vegetables) may provide benefits beyond ALA itself. Finally, low-fat (high carbohydrate, particularly when having a high glycemic index) diets appear to lack cardiovascular preventive effects, while high-fat,high-vegetable fat dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, are protective, a reason why no upper limit on fat intake is established for the Spanish population.This position statement targets dietitians, nutritionists and other health professionals involved in dietary counsel so they can deliver it rightly and according to the last scientific evidence.
La calidad de la grasa dietética tiene una profunda influencia sobre la salud. En este documento de consenso se evalúa la evidencia científica relativa a los efectos de la cantidad y calidad de la grasa alimentaria sobre la salud cardiovascular y se emiten recomendaciones para la población española adulta. Como novedad en unas guías nutricionales, se hace menos hincapié en los ácidos grasos per se que en los alimentos que los contienen. En resumen, sustituir ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) por monoinsaturados (AGM) y poliinsaturados (AGP) reduce el riesgo cardiovascular. Datos recientes sugieren que la ingesta de AGS per se es nociva solo en función del alimento que los contiene, por lo que no parece oportuno establecer un umbral de ingesta, pero se desaconsejan alimentos que los contienen en exceso, como la mantequilla y algunos derivados cárnicos, bollería y fritos comerciales. El límite de.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta , Aceites de Plantas , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Ácidos Grasos , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
La calidad de la grasa dietética tiene una profunda influencia sobre la salud. En este documento de consenso se evalúa la evidencia científica relativa a los efectos de la cantidad y calidad de la grasa alimentaria sobre la salud cardiovascular y se emiten recomendaciones para la población española adulta. Como novedad en unas guías nutricionales, se hace menos hincapié en los ácidos grasos per se que en los alimentos que los contienen. En resumen, sustituir ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) por monoinsaturados (AGM) y poliinsaturados (AGP) reduce el riesgo cardiovascular. Datos recientes sugieren que la ingesta de AGS per se es nociva solo en función del alimento que los contiene, por lo que no parece oportuno establecer un umbral de ingesta, pero se desaconsejan alimentos que los contienen en exceso, como la mantequilla y algunos derivados cárnicos, bollería y fritos comerciales. El límite de su bajo nivel actual en las margarinas. Los AGM son beneficiosos o neutros para el riesgo cardiovascular según su fuente dietética (aceite de oliva virgen frente a otras grasas), y no se establecen limitaciones de ingesta. Los AGP n-6 son cardioprotectores y el nivel recomendable de ingesta (5-10 % de la energía) no siempre se cumple en la población española, que debería aumentar el consumo de sus fuentes vegetales (semillas, aceites derivados y margarinas). Los AGP n-3 de origen marino son cardioprotectores y se recomienda consumir pescado graso ≥2 veces/semana para cumplir con la recomendación de al menos 250 mg/día. Existen evidencias crecientes de que el ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA), el AGP n-3 de origen vegetal, también es cardioprotector, pero los alimentos que lo contienen (nueces, soja, vegetales de hoja verde) pueden ser beneficiosos más allá del propio ALA. Finalmente, las dietas bajas en grasa (altas en hidratos de carbono, particularmente aquellas con un alto índice glicémico) carecen de efecto preventivo cardiovascular, mientras que las altas en grasa de origen vegetal, como la dieta mediterránea, son protectoras, razón por la que en España no parece necesario establecer un dintel superior de ingesta de grasa. Este documento de consenso se dirige a dietistas, nutricionistas y otros profesionales que dan consejo dietético para que puedan hacerlo de una manera razonada y acorde con la última evidencia científica (AU)
The quality of dietary fat critically influences health. In this consensus document the scientific evidence relating effects of dietary fat quantity and quality on cardiovascular risk is reviewed and recommendations for the Spanish adult population are issued. As a novelty in nutrition guidelines, emphasis is made more on parent foods than on fatty acids per se. In summary, replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces cardiovascular risk. Recent data suggest that SFA proper may be harmful or not depending on the parent food, a reason why an intake threshold is not established, but consumption of foods containing excess SFA, such as butter, some processed meats, and commercial confectionery and fried foods is discouraged. The established threshold of known to be harmful for cardiovascular risk, is fulfilled in Spain due in part to its present low levels in margarines. MUFA are beneficial or neutral for cardiovascular risk depending on their dietary sources (virgin olive oil versus other fats), and no intake limitations are established. n-6 PUFA are cardioprotective and recommended intakes (5-10 % of energy) are not always fulfilled in the Spanish population, thus increased consumption of their vegetable food sources (seeds, derived oils, and margarines) is encouraged. Marine n-3 PUFA are also cardioprotective and the recommendation stands to eat fatty fish ≥2 servings/weeks to reach intake levels of at least 250 mg/day. Increasing evidence suggests that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the vegetable n-3 PUFA, is also cardioprotective, but the parent foods (walnuts, soy products, green-leaf vegetables) may provide benefits beyond ALA itself. Finally, low-fat (high carbohydrate, particularly when having a high glycemic index) diets appear to lack cardiovascular preventive effects, while high-fat, high-vegetable fat dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, are protective, a reason why no upper limit on fat intake is established for the Spanish population. This position statement targets dietitians, nutritionists and other health professionals involved in dietary counsel so they can deliver it rightly and according to the last scientific evidence (AU)
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/métodos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Guías Alimentarias , Aceite de Palma/métodos , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/uso terapéutico , Nutricionistas/educación , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/uso terapéutico , Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a multi-component disorder associated to a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Its etiology is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including dietary habits. We aimed to identify the target proteins modulated by the long-term consumption of four diets differing in the quality and quantity of lipids in the whole proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS: A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned 24 MetS patients for 12 weeks each to 1 of 4 diets: a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA), b) high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA), c) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with placebo (LFHCC) and d) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (LFHCC n-3). We analyzed the changes induced in the proteome of both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of PBMC using 2-D proteomic analysis. Sixty-seven proteins were differentially expressed after the long-term consumption of the four diets. The HSFA diet induced the expression of proteins responding to oxidative stress, degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and DNA repair. However, HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets down-regulated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related proteins and DNA repairing proteins. CONCLUSION: The long-term consumption of HSFA, compared to HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3, seems to increase the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, and seem lead to DNA damage as a consequence of high oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Lípidos/fisiología , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Reparación del ADN/fisiología , Dieta/métodos , Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Proteómica/métodosRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The additional health-promoting properties of functional virgin olive oil (FVOO) enriched with its own phenolic compounds (OOPC) versus the parental virgin olive oil (VOO) must be tested in appropriate human clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the effects of FVOO on endothelial function in hypertensive patients. Thirteen pre- and stage-1 hypertensive patients received a single dose of 30 mL of FVOO (OOPC=961 mg/kg) or VOO (OOPC=289 mg/kg) in a postprandial randomised, double blind, crossover trial. Endothelial function, measured as ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH) and related biomarkers, were followed for 5h after consumption. Compared with VOO, FVOO increased IRH (P<0.05) and plasma Cmax of hydroxytyrosol sulphate, a metabolite of OOPC 2h postprandial (P=0.05). After FVOO ingestion, oxidised LDL decreased (P=0.010) in an inverse relationship with IRH AUC values (P=0.01). FVOO provided more benefits on endothelial function than a standard natural virgin olive oil in pre- and hypertensive patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: isrctn.org. Identifier ISRCTN03450153.