RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative (tested on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cell lines) and anti-inflammatory (evaluated as inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2) effect of various extracts from Vaccinium bracteatum leaves and fruits. The highest anti-proliferative effect possessed leaf dichloromethane extract with IC50 values ranging from 93 to 198 µg/mL. In the case of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol fruit extracts showed the best activity with IC50 values = 2.0, 5.4, and 12.7 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that V. bracteatum leaves and fruits could be useful source of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory compounds.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Vaccinium , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas , Humanos , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, playing an important role in plant development and defence. We cloned a partial cDNA of PAL gene, DcPAL1, from Dracaena cambodiana seedlings using RT-PCR with degenerate primers that were designed based on a multiple sequence alignment of known PAL genes from other plant species. DcPAL1 shows highly homologous to other known PAL genes registered in GenBank, being closest to that of Musa acuminata. DcPAL1 has a relatively high GC content and most of the GC is in the third codon position. It has 768 bp in size with a maximum open reading frame (ORF) of 765 bp, encoding a 255 amino acid-polypeptide. The deduced PAL protein is a stable protein, having classical PAL domains and consisting of three major hydrophobic domains. Analysis of effective number of codons (ENC) shows that DcPAL1 codons are used at equal frequency. Relatively higher usage frequency appears randomly in codons ended with any of the four bases; six codons have no usage bias. There are 45 codons showing distinct usage preference between DcPAL1 and E. coli, 20 between DcPAL1 and yeast. Therefore, the yeast system may be more suitable for the expression of DcPAL1. Upon the elicitation of Fusarium proliferatum, a potent elicitor of dragon's blood, the PAL enzyme activity in the leaves and stems of D. cambodiana and other two Dracaena spp. significantly increased, accompanying with the formation of dragon's blood, indicating the involvement of PAL in the biosynthesis of dragon's blood, a precious traditional medicine.
Asunto(s)
Clonación Molecular , Biología Computacional , Dracaena/genética , Dracaena/metabolismo , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/genética , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Codón , Dracaena/clasificación , Activación Enzimática , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenilanina Amoníaco-Liasa/química , Filogenia , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-hepatitis B effect of isochlorogenic acid A isolated from Laggera alata (Asteraceae), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-hepatitis B activity of isochlorogenic acid A was evaluated by the D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced HL-7702 hepatocyte damage model and the HBV-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells. RESULTS: Isochlorogenic acid A significantly improved HL-7702 hepatocyte viability and markedly inhibited the productions of HBsAg and HBeAg. The inhibitory rates of isochlorogenic acid A on the HBsAg and HBeAg expressions were 86.9% and 72.9%, respectively. In addition, isochlorogenic acid A declined markedly the content of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) and induced significantly the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Isochlorogenic acid A was verified to possess the potent anti-hepatitis B activity. The anti-HBV target of isochlorogenic acid A is probably associated with blocking the translation step of the HBV replication. Overexpression of HO-1 may contribute to the anti-HBV activity of isochlorogenic acid A by reducing the stability of the HBV core protein and thus blocking the refill of nuclear HBV cccDNA. Additionally, the hepatoprotective effect of isochlorogenic acid A could be achieved by its antioxidative property and induction of HO-1.