The Clinical Effect and Mechanism of Prostant on Urinary Retention and Anal Pain.

Anal pain and urinary retention are the two most outstanding complications of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) surgery. This study intended to assess the clinical effect and mechanism of Prostant on urinary retention and anal pain after the PPH. Here, 30 patients received PPH surgery. The role and mechanism of Prostant in patients and mice with urinary retention and anal pain were evaluated. ANOVA tests were executed and differences between groups were regarded as statistically significant when p < 0.05. Prostant effectively improved the urination status, lower abdomen symptoms, time to urinate and score of VAS, and the reduction of TNF-α and IL-6. Similarly, Prostant can ameliorate the outcome of urodynamics in urinary retention mice. Mechanically, Prostant reversed the urinary retention-elevated the serum level of hs-CRP and TNF-α, reduction of IL-2, imbalance of Treg/Th17, and level of JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3. Besides, Prostant ameliorated the pain as shown by the reduction of writhing response, and the elevation of threshold of pain and degree of swelling. Moreover, Prostant antagonized the pain-induced dysregulation of Treg/Th17. Therefore, Prostant can treat patients and mice with anal pain and urinary retention by modulating the balance of Th17/Treg to regulate the secretion and production of inflammatory factors. We hope our results can establish a scientific treatment approach for solving anal pain and urinary retention after PPH surgery of mixed hemorrhoids.

Tongxinluo Protects against Hypertensive Kidney Injury in Spontaneously-Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Activating Forkhead Box O1 Signaling.

Hypertension is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic renal failure, and oxidative stress plays a critical role in hypertensive renal damage. Forkbox O1(FoxO1) signaling protects cells against oxidative stress and may be a useful target for treating oxidative stress-induced hypertension. Tongxinluo is a traditional Chinese medicine with cardioprotective and renoprotective functions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Tongxinluo in hypertensive renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs)and elucidate the possible involvement of oxidative stress and FoxO1 signaling in its molecular mechanisms. SHRs treated with Tongxinluo for 12 weeks showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure. In addition to increasing creatinine clearance, Tongxinluo decreased urinary albumin excretion, oxidative stress injury markers including malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits and its activity in SHR kidneys. While decreasing phosphorylation of FoxO1, Tongxinluo also inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38 and enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in SHR kidneys. Furthermore, histology revealed attenuation of glomerulosclerosis and renal podocyte injury, while Tongxinluo decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, extracellular matrixprotein, transforming growth factor ß1 and small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3,and improved tubulointerstitial fibrosis in SHR kidneys. Finally, Tongxinluo inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration as well as expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In conclusion, Tongxinluo protected SHRs against hypertension-induced renal injury by exerting antioxidant, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of these effects may involve inhibition of oxidative stress and functional activation of FoxO1 signaling.