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1.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2021: 6621644, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33728021

RESUMEN

Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant-based, high-fiber, and low-fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant-based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant-based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant-based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant-based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.


Asunto(s)
Alimentos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/terapia , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Plantas/química , Animales , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Fitoquímicos/efectos adversos , Fitoquímicos/química , Transducción de Señal
2.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2021: 6627355, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33574978

RESUMEN

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Alimentos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos
3.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 61(12): 2061-2077, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32462901

RESUMEN

In recent years, obesity has become a global public health issue. It is closely associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some edible and medicinal plants show anti-obesity activity, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, legumes, edible flowers, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. Numerous studies have indicated that these plants are potential candidates for the prevention and management of obesity. The major anti-obesity mechanisms of plants include suppressing appetite, reducing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, regulating gut microbiota, and improving obesity-related inflammation. In this review, the anti-obesity activity of edible and medicinal plants was summarized based on epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with related mechanisms discussed, which provided the basis for the research and development of slimming products. Further studies should focus on the exploration of safer plants with anti-obesity activity and the identification of specific anti-obesity mechanisms.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad , Plantas Medicinales , Metabolismo Energético , Humanos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/prevención & control , Plantas Comestibles
4.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2021: 5188205, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35003517

RESUMEN

Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is a common chronic liver disease and has become a critical global public health problem. Green tea is a popular drink worldwide and contains several bioactive compounds. Different green teas could contain diverse compounds and possess distinct bioactivities. In the present study, the effects of 10 green teas on chronic alcohol induced-fatty liver disease in mice were explored and compared. The results showed that several green teas significantly reduced triacylglycerol levels in serum and liver as well as the aminotransferase activities in mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg, suggesting that they possess hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, several green teas remarkably decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1, the levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenoic acid, and the contents of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that they could alleviate oxidation damage and inflammation induced by chronic alcohol exposure. In addition, Seven Star Matcha Tea and Selenium-Enriched Matcha Tea could increase glutathione level. Furthermore, the main phytochemical components in green teas were determined and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the correlation analysis showed that gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate might at least partially contribute to protective effects on AFLD. In conclusion, Selenium-Enriched Chaoqing Green Tea, Xihu Longjing Tea, Taiping Houkui Tea, and Selenium-Enriched Matcha Tea showed the strongest preventive effects on AFLD. This research also provides the public with new insights about the effects of different green teas on AFLD.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado Graso Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Té/química , Animales , Hígado Graso Alcohólico/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones
5.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 8(9)2019 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31480629

RESUMEN

The present study investigated the effects of tannase and ultrasound treatment on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of green tea extract. The single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology were conducted to study the effects of parameters on antioxidant activity of green tea extract. The highest antioxidant activity was found under the optimal condition with the buffer solution pH value of 4.62, ultrasonic temperature of 44.12 °C, ultrasonic time of 12.17 min, tannase concentration of 1 mg/mL, and ultrasonic power of 360 W. Furthermore, phenolic profiles of the extracts were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, it was found that tannase led to an increase in gallic acid and a decrease in epigallocatechin gallate, and ultrasounds could also enhance the efficiency of enzymatic reaction.

6.
Sci Rep ; 5: 10746, 2015 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26073914

RESUMEN

Cell wall is the major component of root apoplast which is the main reservoir for iron in roots, while nitric oxide (NO) is involved in regulating the synthesis of cell wall. However, whether such regulation could influence the reutilization of iron stored in root apoplast remains unclear. In this study, we observed that iron deficiency elevated NO level in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots. However, application of S-nitrosoglutathione, a NO donor, significantly enhanced iron retention in root apoplast of iron-deficient plants, accompanied with a decrease of iron level in xylem sap. Consequently, S-nitrosoglutathione treatment increased iron concentration in roots, but decreased it in shoots. The opposite was true for the NO scavenging treatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO). Interestingly, S-nitrosoglutathione treatment increased pectin methylesterase activity and decreased degree of pectin methylation in root cell wall of both iron-deficient and iron-sufficient plants, which led to an increased iron retention in pectin fraction, thus increasing the binding capacity of iron to the extracted cell wall. Altogether, these results suggested that iron-deficiency-induced elevation of NO increases iron immobilization in root apoplast by decreasing pectin methylation in cell wall.


Asunto(s)
Pared Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hierro/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , S-Nitrosoglutatión/química , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de los fármacos , Benzoatos/farmacología , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Imidazoles/farmacología , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/agonistas , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/química , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Pectinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , S-Nitrosoglutatión/farmacología , Xilema/efectos de los fármacos , Xilema/metabolismo
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