Effectiveness of the third wave cognitive behavior therapy for peripartum depression treatment-A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effectiveness of third-wave cognitive behavior therapies in the treatment of peripartum depression. METHOD: A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating peripartum depression focus on the Third Wave has been conducted. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Clinical Trials were searched, using a combination of different search terms. Data were independently extracted by two authors and a synthesis of the results was offered. Methodological quality was assessed by three authors, using ROBE-2 and MINORS. Search date was conducted in February 2022 and the search was re-run in November 2022 for new entries. FINDINGS: Six papers were included and reported, focused on, the effectiveness of Third Wave approach interventions in reducing depressive symptoms. Papers included the following intervention approaches: Behavioral intervention (n = 2), Mindfulness (n = 2), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (n = 1) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (n = 1). All six papers were consistent in that interventions lead to a decrease in depression symptoms. However, risk of bias evaluation showed that all were critical low, but one paper was high quality. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH: Systematic review showed that third-wave approaches are promising in effectiveness to reduce depression symptoms in peripartum women. However, more high-quality studies with follow-up are needed.

Physical and chemical characterization of drill cuttings: A review.

Drill cuttings comprise a mixture of rocks generated during drilling activities of exploration and production of oil and gas. These residues' properties are variable, depending on several drilling parameters and drilled rock composition. Many scientific studies have been published regarding the characterization of these residues. Articles summarizing these residues' characteristics and toxicity data are poorly explored in the literature. This work reviews the principal methods used to characterize drill cuttings and data about these residues' properties. Some authors have reported the large content of Zn in drill cuttings. These cuttings can be associated with base fluids (as olefins, varying from C11 to C18), and some time crude oil (high range of TPH, unresolved complex mixtures, and PAH compounds). Acute and chronic toxicity tests have shown negative impacts of different types of fluids, the components of these fluids, and cuttings on other marine organisms.

Vibrational spectroscopy to study ancient Roman funerary practices at the "Hypogeum of the Garlands" (Italy).

The "Hypogeum of the Garlands" is a sepulchral site, recently found in Grottaferrata (Lazio, Italy), dating back to the first-second century AD. Two sarcophagi were discovered inside, hosting the human remains of Aebutia Quarta, a rich Roman woman, and her son Carvilius Gemellus. While the body of Carvilius is exceptionally well-preserved, following its embalming and perfect sealing of the sarcophagus, in the case of Aebutia only the bones were preserved because of the sarcophagus's seal breaking down, although she was covered with perfectly preserved flower garlands. Embalming of the body was a rare ritual in the Imperial Roman times when corpses were more often cremated. The remains of Aebutia showed possible traces of heating. Burned bones from a third individual were discovered on the chamber's floor and preliminary anthropological survey showed that this individual was a male of 40-50 years old. Here, a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including non-destructive inelastic neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy, and minimally destructive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were applied to the analysis of these bone samples to give information about ancient Roman funerary practices. The temperature and burning conditions were thus determined, showing that Aebutia Quarta was exposed to mild temperatures (200 °C) only in the upper part of the body, while the third individual was likely cremated as its bones were exposed to temperatures up to 900 °C in quasi-anaerobic conditions.

DHA bioaccessibility in infant formulas and preschool children milks.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an essential long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid associated with the development of the nervous system that has to be consumed by infants through breast milk or complementary food sources and which consumption is also usually inadequate in preschoolers. In this work, the in vitro bioaccessibility of DHA from two commercial infant formulas (8.9 and 9.1%) and two preschool children milks (6.9 and 7.2%), with similar DHA contents but formulated with different ingredients, was not improved by the presence of egg phospholipids in the product formulation. In addition, the importance of the choice of an age-appropriate in vitro digestion method was demonstrated by comparing the DHA bioaccessibility from the infant formulas by the Infogest 2.0 standardized method and a simulated digestion method specific for infants.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the extracellular matrix of human dental pulp cell sheets.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and the cell sheet (CS) technology improve processes relevant to tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different PBMT parameters on the architecture (histology), protein composition (Western blotting and immunohistochemistry) and ultrastructure [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)] of the extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by CSs composed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS: Thawed cells were recharacterized by the expression profile of the surface molecules of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using flow cytometry. Clonogenic medium supplemented with vitamin C (20 µg/ml) was used for obtaining the CSs. PBMT was performed with continuous-wave diode laser (660 nm, 20 mW, 0.028cm2, 0.71 W/cm2) in punctual and contact mode. The CSs were allocated in 3 experimental groups: Control: no further treatment; PBMT1 [4 s, 3 J/cm2 (lower energy density), 0.08 J/point] and PBMT2 [7 s, 5 J/cm2 (higher energy density), 0.14 J/point]. Statistical comparisons were performed (p ≤ .05). RESULTS: The cells presented the classical immunoprofile of MSCs. Type I and type III collagens and fibronectin were present in the ECM of the CSs. PBMT1 induced higher amount of fibronectin. The overall ultrastructure of the CSs in the PBMT1 was epithelial-like, whereas the PBMT2 leads to CSs with fusiform cells arranged in bundles. TEM identified a more mature ECM and signs of apoptosis and necrosis in the PBMT2 group. CONCLUSION: PBMT influence the composition and ultrastructure of the ECM of CSs of hDPSCs. Thus, PBMT, specifically when applied in the lower energy density, could be of importance in the determination of the mechanical quality of CSs, which may favor cell therapy by improving the CS transplantation approach.

Regeneration of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Therapy with Red LED Light and a Natural Latex Biomembrane.

This study analyzes the effects of the Rapha® system, which employs red light therapy (RLT) and a natural latex biomembrane in the healing of neuropathic ulcers associated with the diabetic foot. We conducted a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial with 15 participants that were divided into three groups (GI, GII and GIII): (i) Rapha® system application by the participant and a health professional at home, with clinical status evaluation every 2 weeks at the hospital (GI); (ii) standard protocol used in Brazil, performed by a health professional at the hospital (GII; control); and (iii) the Rapha® system applied by the participant at home and clinical status evaluation every 2 weeks at the hospital (GIII). We used image processing techniques on photographic recordings of the lesions, and several statistical tests were used to analyze the data, allowing for the comparison of the average results for all groups. The average healing rates of GI, GII, and GIII were 77.0, 51.4, and 80%, respectively. The granulation tissue evaluation indicated a higher efficacy in the tissue repair of lesions treated with the Rapha® system. In conclusion, the Rapha® system proved to be an effective healing system, even when self-applied at the patient's home.

Anticancer drug impact on DNA - a study by neutron spectroscopy coupled with synchrotron-based FTIR and EXAFS.

Complementary structural and dynamical information on drug-DNA interplay has been achieved at a molecular level, for Pt/Pd-drugs, allowing a better understanding of their pharmacodynamic profile which is crucial for the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents. The interaction of two cisplatin-like dinuclear Pt(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes with DNA was studied through a multidisciplinary experimental approach, using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) techniques coupled with synchrotron-based extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SR-EXAFS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (SR-FTIR-ATR). DNA extracted from drug-exposed human triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) was used, with a view to evaluate the effect of the unconventional antineoplastic agents on this low prognosis type of cancer. The drug impact on DNA's dynamical profile, via its hydration layer, was provided by QENS, a drug-triggered enhanced mobility having been revealed. Additionally, an onset of anharmonicity was detected for dehydrated DNA, at room temperature. Far- and mid-infrared measurements allowed the first simultaneous detection of the drugs and their primary pharmacological target, as well as the drug-prompted changes in DNA's conformation that mediate cytotoxicity. The local environment of the absorbing Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) centers in the drugs' adducts with adenine, guanine and glutathione was attained by EXAFS.

Protection against UV-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by Amazon moss extracts.

Amazon mosses, such as Holomitriopsis laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. are naturally exposed to high levels of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Theoretically, under environmental stress conditions these mosses have developed protective chemical and metabolic strategies against UV damage, by way of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. The present paper aimed to evaluate the free-radical scavenging activity, and the photoprotective, mutagenic and photomutagenic potencies of the methanolic (ME), aqueous (AE), hydroalcoholic (HE), ethanolic (EE) extracts of H. laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. The phenolic contents were evaluated by spectrophotometry and by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The present findings showed that the AE and HE of H. laevifolia and the AE of Leucobryum sp. presented the highest phenolic contents. The HPLC analysis indicated the presence mainly of phenolic and cinnamic acids, flavonols, flavones and flavanones. The AE and EE of H. laevifolia and the AE and HE of Leucobryum sp. efficiently scavenged the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. All extracts showed significant values of in vitro Sun Protection Factor alone, and HE of Leucobryum sp. showed a synergistic effect in association with benzophenone-3. None of the extracts induced mutagenicity in the auxotrophic strains for histidine of Salmonella typhimurium, and photomutagenicity of the TA102 and TA104 strains was not detected after exposure to UV-A radiation. Besides, all extracts showed photoprotective activity against UV-A radiation for the TA104 strain, including synergistic protection in association with BP-3. Thus, the constituents in H. Laevifolia and Leucobryum sp. could be good candidates for cosmetic and dermatological applications, particularly in association with synthetic UV filters, since the concentration of the filters in the final product could be reduced.

Reduction of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by Handroanthus impetiginosus in mouse bone marrow revealed by micronucleus assay / Redução da genotoxicidade induzida pela doxorrubicina por Handroanthus impetiginosus na medula óssea de camundongos revelada pelo ensaio do micronúcleo

Abstract Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Resumo Handroanthus impetiginosus tem sido usada durante um longo período pela medicina tradicional e vários estudos têm demonstrados a presença de compostos químicos e potencial fitoterapêutico. Esta pesquisa avaliou a genotoxicidade da tintura da casca liofilizada de H. impetiginosus (THI) usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre THI e os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterápico doxorrubicina (DXR) também foram analisados. Grupos experimentais foram analisados a 24-48 h após o tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etiluréia (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (150 mM) e THI (0,5-2 g/kg). O ensaio antigenotóxico foi conduzido utilizando THI (0,5 g/kg) em combinação com NEU ou DXR. A análise de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as doses de tratamento (0,5-2 g/kg) e NaCl. As proporções de eritrócitos policromáticos (EPC)/eritrócitos normocromáticos (ENC) não revelaram diferenças estatísticas entre DXR e THI ou NaCl, porém houve diferenças entre THI e NaCl. Uma redução significativa em EPCMNs e na razão EPC/ENC foi observada quando THI foi administrado em combinação com DXR. Essa pesquisa sugere ausência de genotoxicidade de THI, dose-, tempo- e sexo-independente, e moderada toxicidade sistêmica dose-independente, mas tempo- e sexo-dependente. A associação do THI e DXR também sugere efeitos antigenotóxicos. Por conseguinte, THI pode reduzir os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterapêutico.

Reduction of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by Handroanthus impetiginosus in mouse bone marrow revealed by micronucleus assay.

Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Evaluation of the toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic degenerative diseases, and it is estimated to increase worldwide to around 415 million and to impact 642 million in 2040. Research shows that some plants are sources of bioactive compounds against diabetes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the oral toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. Diabetes was induced in Swiss mice with streptozotocin and the mice were treated with an aqueous extract of C. quercifolius leaves for a period of 30 days. Phytochemical analysis showed that the extract was rich in flavonoids, catechins and triterpenoid, which did not show any mortality and behavioral alterations in mice treated with 200, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the extract for 14 days. Histopathological analysis of organs (kidney, pancreas, liver) from mice treated with the 2000 mg/kg extract revealed no architectural change. In the present study, we found a 29% reduction in glucose levels in animals receiving 200 mg/kg body weight. These results are very promising because they showed that C. quercifolius had a hypoglycemic effect and did not present oral toxicity, thus being a new source of compounds for the control of diabetes.

Bioactivity of essential oils in phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi control.

Commercial thyme and lavender essential oils were analysed by GC/MS. Sixty-six compounds accounting for 98.6-99.6% of total essential oil were identified. Thymol (52.14 ± 0.21%), followed by p-cymene (32.24 ± 0.16%), carvacrol (3.71 ± 0.01%) and γ-terpinene (3.34 ± 0.02%), were the main compounds in thyme essential oil, while large amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes linalool acetate (37.07 ± 0.24%) and linalool (30.16 ± 0.06%) were found in lavender one. In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils was evaluated at 200 and 300 µg/mL against 10 phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi, which significantly affect agriculture. Micelial growth inhibition was calculated for each tested fungus and dose. Thyme essential oil showed satisfactory results with 90-100% growth inhibition in almost all the assayed fungi at 300 µg/mL, while lavender essential oil showed no noteworthy inhibition data at either dose, and its growth was even enhanced. Thyme essential oil represents a natural alternative to control harvest and post-harvest fungi, and to extend the shelf-life of agriculture products.

Impacts of discarded coffee waste on human and environmental health.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages throughout the world. So far, many studies have shown the properties of coffee beverages, but little is known about its impacts on human and environmental health from its discard in the environment. So, the present work aims to investigate the mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and ecotoxic effects of leached (LE) and solubilized (SE) extracts from coffee waste, simulating the disposal of this residue in landfills and via sewage systems, respectively. Chemical analyses were also carried out. LE and SE induced mutagenicity in the TA98 Salmonella strain with and without exogenous metabolization (S9). In the TA100 only SE induced mutagenicity, what was observed without S9. An increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in HepG2 cell line after 3 and 24h of exposure to both extracts. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HepG2 cells by WST-1 assay. The EC50 values for the LE and SE were 1.5% and 11.26% for Daphnia similis, 0.12% and 1.39% for Ceriodaphnia dubia and 6.0% and 5.5% for Vibrio fischeri, respectively. Caffeine and several transition metals were found in both extracts. Coffee waste discarded in the environment may pose a risk to human and environmental health, since this compound can cause DNA damage and present toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Protection against UV-induced toxicity and lack of mutagenicity of Antarctic Sanionia uncinata.

Antarctica moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske is exposed in situ to damaging levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This moss has the ability to respond to UV radiation exposure producing secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, and has been recommended as a potential source of photoprotective compounds and antioxidants. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the free-radical scavenging activity and mutagenic and photomutagenic properties of methanolic (ME), hydroethanolic (HE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of S. uncinata. The phenolic contents were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry. The findings showed that ME and EE presented the highest phenolic contents and inhibited free radical-scavenging activity against 2,2'-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the HPLC analysis indicated several classes of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The sun protection factors (SPF) were determined by an in vitro method and the results showed significant values. The SPF values of BZ-3 at 50µg/mL increased significantly in association with ME, HE and EE. The extracts did not induce mutagenicity in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium histidine and photomutagenicity was not detected in the TA102 and TA104 strains after exposure to UV-A at doses of up to 6.5J/cm2 for the TA102 strain and up to 0.24J/cm2 for the TA104 strain. In addition, with the exception of ME, all the extracts induced photoprotective effects in the presence of the TA104 strain at 0.04J/cm2. The present results suggest that S. uncinata extracts did not induce photomutation and showed promise for photoprotection against the photobiological and ROS-inducing effects of the UV-A radiation.

Reduction of doxorubicin-induced genotoxicity by Handroanthus impetiginosus in mouse bone marrow revealed by micronucleus assay

Abstract Handroanthus impetiginosus has long been used in traditional medicine and various studies have determined the presence of bioactive chemical compounds and potential phytotherapeutics. In this study, the genotoxicity of the lyophilized tincture of H. impetiginosus bark (THI) was evaluated in mouse bone marrow using micronucleus assays. The interaction between THI and genotoxic effects induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR), was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment with N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), sodium chloride (NaCl; 150 mM), and THI (0.5-2 g/kg). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using THI (0.5 g/kg) in combination with NEU or DXR. Analysis of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) indicated no significant differences between treatment doses of THI (0.5-2 g/kg) and NaCl. Polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) ratios did not indicate any statistical differences between DXR and THI or NaCl, but there were differences between THI and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratios was observed when THI was administered in combination with DXR. This study suggested the absence of THI genotoxicity that was dose-, time-, and gender-independent and the presence of moderate systemic toxicity that was dose-independent, but time- and gender-dependent. The combination of THI and DXR also suggested antigenotoxic effects, indicating that THI reduced genotoxic effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

Resumo Handroanthus impetiginosus tem sido usada durante um longo período pela medicina tradicional e vários estudos têm demonstrados a presença de compostos químicos e potencial fitoterapêutico. Esta pesquisa avaliou a genotoxicidade da tintura da casca liofilizada de H. impetiginosus (THI) usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre THI e os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterápico doxorrubicina (DXR) também foram analisados. Grupos experimentais foram analisados a 24-48 h após o tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-etiluréia (NEU; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (150 mM) e THI (0,5-2 g/kg). O ensaio antigenotóxico foi conduzido utilizando THI (0,5 g/kg) em combinação com NEU ou DXR. A análise de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (EPCMNs) não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as doses de tratamento (0,5-2 g/kg) e NaCl. As proporções de eritrócitos policromáticos (EPC)/eritrócitos normocromáticos (ENC) não revelaram diferenças estatísticas entre DXR e THI ou NaCl, porém houve diferenças entre THI e NaCl. Uma redução significativa em EPCMNs e na razão EPC/ENC foi observada quando THI foi administrado em combinação com DXR. Essa pesquisa sugere ausência de genotoxicidade de THI, dose-, tempo- e sexo-independente, e moderada toxicidade sistêmica dose-independente, mas tempo- e sexo-dependente. A associação do THI e DXR também sugere efeitos antigenotóxicos. Por conseguinte, THI pode reduzir os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pelo quimioterapêutico.

Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis of human alveolar bone repair induced by laser phototherapy: a pilot study.

Immediate dental implant placement in the molar region is critical, because of the high amount of bone loss and the discrepancy between alveolar crest thickness and the implant platform. Laser phototherapy (LPT) improves bone repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the human alveolar bone repair 40 days after molar extraction in patients submitted to LPT. Twenty patients were selected for this randomized controlled clinical trial; 10 underwent LPT (laser group) with a GaAlAs diode laser (808 nm, 100 mW, 0.04 cm(2), 75 J/cm(2), 30s per point, 3 J per point, at five points). The control group patients (n=10) were not irradiated. Forty days later, the tissue formed inside the sockets was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Data from the two groups were compared with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation test. The relative bone volume was significantly higher in the laser group (P<0.0001). The control group showed negative correlations (P<0.01) between number and thickness, and between number and separation of trabeculae, and a positive correlation between thickness and separation of trabeculae. The laser group showed a significant negative correlation between the number and thickness of trabeculae (P<0.01). The results suggest that LPT is able to accelerate alveolar bone repair after molar extraction, leading to a more homogeneous trabecular configuration represented by thin and close trabeculae.

Efeitos de diferentes tempos de extração no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de folhas de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L. ) Miq. ] / Effects of time of extraction in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of pariparoba leaves [Pothomorphe umbellata (L. Miq. ]

O presente trabalho visou avaliar a influência de diferentes tempos de extração no teor e composição química do óleo essencial da espécie Pothomorphe umbellata. Folhas de pariparoba foram coletadas em Cajamar - SP, no mês de junho de 2006. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tempos de extração (90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 minutos) e 4 repetições. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação e a análise química em CG-EM. O tempo de 180 minutos proporcionou maior rendimento do óleo essencial (0,42%), enquanto a composição química não foi influenciada pelos diferentes tempos de destilação. As principais substâncias identificadas foram: D-germacreno (65,5%), alfa-selineno (9,7%), trans-cariofileno (7,5%), e espatulenol (6,58%). Conclui-se que o tempo de extração afeta diretamente o rendimento e a proporção das substâncias químicas, recomendando-se a extração em até 180 minutos. .

The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of different times of extraction in the yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of "pariparoba" (Pothomorphe umbellate). Leaves of "pariparoba" were collected in the municipal district of Cajamar - state of São Paulo, Brazil, in June 2006. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized, with six times of extraction (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes) and 4 repetitions. The extraction of the essential oil was accomplished by hydrodistillation, and the chemical analysis was performed in GC-MS. The time of extraction of 180 minutes provided greater yield of the essential oil (0.42%), and its chemical composition was not influenced by the different times of hydrodistillation. The main substances showed are D-germacrene (65.5%), alpha-selinene (9.7%), trans-caryophyllene (7.5%) and spathulenol (6.58%). The results of this work showed that the time of extraction affects the yield and the proportion of the chemical substances and it is recommended the extraction in up to 180 minutes.

New loci of Lychnophora ericoides and transferability to Lychnophora pinaster, endangered medicinal species from Brazil.

Lychnophora ericoides and Lychnophora pinaster are species used in popular medicine as analgesic or anti-inflammatory agents to treat contusions, rheumatism, and insect bites. In this study, 21 simple sequence repeat loci of L. ericoides were developed and transferred to L. pinaster. Three populations of L. ericoides and 2 populations of L. pinaster were evaluated; they were collected in the State of Minas Gerais. Population parameters were estimated, and the mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.297 and 0.408 (L. ericoides) and 0.228 and 0.310 (L. pinaster), respectively. Greater genetic variability was observed within populations than between populations of L. ericoides (62 and 37%) and L. pinaster (97 and 2.8%). These results provide information for genetic conservation and taxonomic studies of these endangered species.

Chemical characterization of a red raspberry fruit extract and evaluation of its pharmacological effects in experimental models of acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis.

Berries are an important dietary source of fibres, vitamins, minerals and some biologically active non-nutrients. A red raspberry fruit extract was characterized in terms of phenolic content and the anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects were evaluated in two experimental models of inflammation. The antioxidant potential of the extract, the cellular antioxidant activity and the effects over neutrophils' oxidative burst were also studied to provide a mechanistic insight for the anti-inflammatory effects observed. The extract was administered in a dose of 15 mg kg(-1), i.p. and significantly inhibited paw oedema formation in the rat. The same dose was administered via i.p. and p.o. routes in the collagen-induced arthritis model in the rat. The extract showed pharmacological activity and was able to significantly reduce the development of clinical signs of arthritis and markedly reduce the degree of bone resorption, soft tissue swelling and osteophyte formation, preventing articular destruction in treated animals.

Physiological indexese macro- and micronutrients in plant tissue and essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution with variation in N, P, K and Mg levels / Índices fisiológicos, macro e micronutrientes no tecido vegetal e óleo essencial de Mentha piperita L. cultivada em solução nutritiva com variação de N, P, K e Mg.

Mentha piperita L. is an aromatic and medicinal species of the family Lamiaceae, known as mint or peppermint, and its leaves and branches produce essential oil rich in menthol. This study aimed to evaluate physiological indexes, macro- and micronutrients inthe shootsand essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution number 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950) with different N, P, K and Mg levels. Shoot length, dry mass of the different organs, total dry mass, leaf area, essential oil yield and composition, and macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micronutrient (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn) contents in the shoot were evaluated. Plants treated with 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg had a tendency towards longer shoot, greaterroot and leaf blade dry masses, higher essential oil yield, higher menthol levels and lower menthone levels. The results showed that Mentha can be grown in nutrient solution by reducing 65% N, 50% P, 25% K and 100% Mg. This solution had better development compared to the other tested treatments. Therefore,we recommendMentha piperita L. to be grown with such nutrient levels.

Mentha piperita L., é uma espécie aromática e medicinal pertencente à família Lamiaceae, conhecida como menta ou hortelã-pimenta que produz em sua parte aérea óleo essencial rico em mentol. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os índices fisiológicos, macro e micronutrientes na parte aérea e óleo essencial de Mentha piperita L. cultivada em solução nutritiva numero Hoagland e Arnon (1950) com variação dos níveis de N, P, K e Mg. Foram avaliados comprimento da parte aérea, massa seca dos diferentes órgãos e total, área foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial, teor de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Mg, Ca e S), e de micronutrientes (Mn, Cu, Fe e Zn) na parte aérea. As plantas nutridas com 65% de N, 50% de P, 25% de K, e 100% de Mg, apresentaram tendência de maior comprimento de parte aérea e massa seca de raízes e de lâminas foliares; maior rendimento de óleo essencial e, em média, maiores teores de mentol e menores teores de mentona. O resultados permitem concluir que a Mentha pode ser cultivada em solução nutritiva reduzindo-se 65% de N, 50% de P, 25% de K e 100% de Mg. Esta solução apresentou melhor desenvolvimento em relação aos outros tratamentos. Recomenda-se, portanto, o cultivo da Mentha piperita L. com tais níveis de nutrientes.