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1.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 34(4): 524-8, 1990 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2344160

RESUMEN

The antifungal activities of amphotericin B and two triazoles, Sch 39304 and fluconazole, were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum. In this study Sch 39304 compared favorably with amphotericin B in treating histoplasmosis in normal and leukopenic mice, whereas fluconazole was much less active. The differences in the efficacies of the triazoles appeared to be due to differences in their pharmacokinetics and the dosage schedule that was used. For amphotericin B there was a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo efficacy, but this was not true of the triazole derivatives. These results further demonstrate that, with the methods used in this study, in vitro susceptibility testing of triazoles may not be predictive of in vivo activity against isolates of H. capsulatum.


Asunto(s)
Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Fluconazol/uso terapéutico , Histoplasmosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Anfotericina B/sangre , Animales , Antifúngicos/sangre , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Femenino , Fluconazol/sangre , Fluconazol/farmacocinética , Histoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Histoplasmosis/complicaciones , Leucopenia/complicaciones , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Triazoles/sangre , Triazoles/farmacocinética , Triazoles/uso terapéutico
2.
Am J Med ; 84(5): 826-32, 1988 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3284339

RESUMEN

Systemic yeast infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. The in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B of 29 yeasts causing fungemia was examined in 26 patients undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation and/or myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amphotericin B observed with blood isolates from these patients were significantly higher than those observed with blood, sputum, or skin isolates from non-immunocompromised patients (p less than 0.01). All episodes (10 of 10) of bloodstream infection in immunocompromised patients caused by isolates with MICs greater than 0.8 micrograms/ml were fatal, versus eight of 17 episodes of bloodstream infection caused by yeasts with MICs of 0.8 micrograms/ml or less (p = 0.04). Although 15 of 26 patients received empiric treatment with amphotericin B before laboratory evidence of fungemia developed, the amphotericin B susceptibilities of their isolates were not significantly different from those of patients who had not received empiric amphotericin B treatment. It is concluded that yeast fungemia in severely immunocompromised patients is often caused by organisms resistant to the usual concentrations of amphotericin B obtainable in vivo, and that this finding is clinically significant.


Asunto(s)
Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Adulto , Anfotericina B/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis/etiología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neutropenia/etiología
3.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 29(4): 701-2, 1986 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3518626

RESUMEN

Candida albicans cells were exposed to equal concentrations of amphotericin B (AmB) administered either as a single large dose or as repeated small doses. Toxicity to C. albicans cells was less pronounced when AmB was administered in fractionated doses. Increased catalase activity in C. albicans cells was induced after exposure to fractionated doses of AmB; this increase may have contributed to the greater resistance of cells to AmB used according to this schedule.


Asunto(s)
Anfotericina B/administración & dosificación , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/biosíntesis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Inducción Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo
4.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 18(4): 593-7, 1980 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7004343

RESUMEN

The macrolide heptaene amphotericin B (AmB) induced concentration-dependent effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were separable into two distinct stages. At low concentrations the drug inhibited the growth of the yeast and reversible changed cell permeability to Na+ and K+. At high levels it was lethal. The intracellular K+ concentration of cells with reversible damage (stage I) could be increased by addition of K+ to the medium, but cells irreversibly damaged (stage II) were not able to retain K+. The addition of K+ to the medium did not influence the growth-inhibitory or killing action of AmB. Addition of Mg2+ to cultures increased S. cerevisiae resistance to the killing effects of AmB. At low concentrations of AmB, growth inhibition was also decreased by extracellular Mg2+, but at higher concentration of AmB, growth inhibition was increased, probably because the prevention by Mg2+ of the lethal effect allowed expression of the inhibitory effect in a greater range. Simultaneous addition of K+ and Mg2+ markedly decreased both the inhibitory and lethal action of AmB at all concentrations. Filipin, a pentaene macrolide, had only lethal effects, which were unaffected when K+ was added to the medium but were diminished when medium was supplemented with Mg2+.


Asunto(s)
Anfotericina B/farmacología , Filipina/farmacología , Magnesio/farmacología , Polienos/farmacología , Potasio/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Medios de Cultivo , Sodio/farmacología , Sacarosa/farmacología
6.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 11(4): 763-4, 1977 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-856032

RESUMEN

A patient with Mycobacterium chelonei infection was treated with erythromycin stearate and streptomycin. The choice of antibiotics was based on a rapid radiometric susceptibility test developed in our laboratory.


Asunto(s)
Eritromicina/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/tratamiento farmacológico , Estreptomicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium/metabolismo , Uracilo/metabolismo
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