Molecular mechanism of naringenin regulation on flavonoid biosynthesis to improve the salt tolerance in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.).

Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in the plant growth and development process. As a medicinal plant, pigeon pea is rich in secondary metabolites. As a flavonoid, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of naringenin in plant stress resistance. In our study, we found that naringenin can increase the pigeon pea's ability to tolerate salt and influence the changes that occur in flavonoids including naringenin, genistein and biochanin A. We analyzed the transcriptome data after 1 mM naringenin treatment, and identified a total of 13083 differentially expressed genes. By analyzing the metabolic pathways of these differentially expressed genes, we found that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in the metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and so on. We focused on the analysis of flavonoid biosynthesis related pathways. Among them, the expression levels of enzyme genes CcIFS, CcCHI and CcCHS in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway had considerably higher expression levels. By counting the number of transcription factors and the binding sites on the promoter of the enzyme gene, we screened the transcription factors CcMYB62 and CcbHLH35 related to flavonoid metabolism. Among them, CcMYB62 has a higher expression level than the others. The hairy root transgene showed that CcMYB62 could induce the upregulation of CcCHI, and promote the accumulation of naringenin, genistein and biochanin A. Our study revealed the molecular mechanism of naringenin regulating flavonoid biosynthesis under salt stress in pigeon pea, and provided an idea for the role of flavonoids in plant resistance to abiotic stresses.

Antioxidants suppress radiation-induced apoptosis via inhibiting MAPK pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is relatively sensitive to ionizing radiation, and radiotherapy is the main treatment modality for non-metastatic NPC. Radiation therapy generates overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause DNA damage and induce apoptosis in tumors, thereby killing the malignant cells. Although dietary antioxidant supplementation reduces oxidative stress and promotes tumor progression, the effects of antioxidants on the NPC cells upon radiation have not been reported. In the present study, we showed that antioxidants (ß-Carotene, NAC, GSH) played an anti-apoptotic role in response to radiation via decreasing ROS production and inhibiting MAPK pathway in NPC cells. Based on that, we conclude that the use of supplemental antioxidants during radiotherapy should be avoided because of the possibility of tumor protection and reduced treatment efficacy.

CDPK6 phosphorylates and stabilizes MYB30 to promote hyperoside biosynthesis that prolongs the duration of full-blooming in okra.

The flowers of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) open and wilt within only a few hours, and this is accompanied by accumulation of hyperoside, a secondary metabolite in the flavonoid pathway. However, little is known about the relationship between flavonoids and flowering. Here, we found that exogenous application of hyperoside extended the duration of the full-blooming period by more than 3-fold, and this was accompanied by a 14.7-fold increase in the expression of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE6 (AeCDPK6). Gene expression profiling indicated that the transcription factor AeMYB30 was co-expressed with AeCDPK6, and detailed protein interaction and phosphorylation experiments together with yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated an interaction between AeMYB30 and AeCDPK6. AeCDPK6 specifically phosphorylated AeMYB30S191, leading to increased protein stability and prevention of degradation. Furthermore, AeMYB30 directly bound to the promoter of AeUF3GaT1, a key enzyme in the hyperoside biosynthesis pathway. Analysis of transgenic plants showed that AeCDPK6 was required for the hyperoside-induced phosphorylation of AeMYB30 to enhance its stability and transcriptional activity. Ectopic expression of AeCDPK6 promoted hyperoside accumulation and prolonged the full-blooming period in an AeMYB30-dependent manner. Our results indicate the role of AeCDPK6-AeMYB30 in the molecular mechanism by which hyperoside regulates the period of full blooming in okra, a plant with a short duration of flowering.

A sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycoside, terpene lactones, and biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves.

In this study, an efficient and sensitive UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (MRM) analytical strategy was established firstly for simultaneous determination of 11 components, including 3 original flavonol glycoside, 4 terpene lactones and 4 biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves. The validated strategy exhibited proper linearity (R2 ≥0.99) in the range of 0.5-125 µg/mL, and intra and inter-day precision were lower than 4.09% and 4.80%, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated, ranging from 0.2-4.6 ng/mL, with repeatability values between 1.98% and 4.48%. The average recoveries were all in the range of 98.45-106.67% with RSD (n = 3) for the related compounds. Subsequently, the proposed method was used for the analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves during leaf senescence. Results showed the dominant flavonol glycosides were kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, the level of terpene lactones and biflavonoids reached the highest in the latest harvest samples. Compared with conventional detection method, the present method could directly analyze original flavonol glycoside without acid hydrolysis process and terpene lactones without the ELSD in a high sensitivity. Moreover, the biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves were also simultaneously quantified. The results demonstrated that the developed method was accurate, sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of multi-components in Ginkgo biloba leaves, and this study should be significant for the comprehensive utilization and development of Ginkgo biloba resources.

Detecting useful genetic markers and reconstructing the phylogeny of an important medicinal resource plant, Artemisia selengensis, based on chloroplast genomics.

Artemisia selengenesis is not only a health food, but also a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Only a fraction of the chloroplast (cp) genome data of Artemisia has been reported and chloroplast genomic materials have been widely used in genomic evolution studies, molecular marker development, and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Artemisia, which makes evolutionary studies, genetic improvement, and phylogenetic identification very difficult. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. selengensis was compared with that of other species within Artemisia and phylogenetic analyses was conducted with other genera in the Asteraceae family. The results showed that A. selengensis is an AT-rich species and has a typical quadripartite structure that is 151,215 bp in length. Comparative genome analyses demonstrated that the available chloroplast genomes of species of Artemisia were well conserved in terms of genomic length, GC contents, and gene organization and order. However, some differences, which may indicate evolutionary events, were found, such as a re-inversion event within the Artemisia genus, an unequal duplicate phenomenon of the ycf1 gene because of the expansion and contraction of the IR region, and the fast-evolving regions. Repeated sequences analysis showed that Artemisia chloroplast genomes presented a highly similar pattern of SSR or LDR distribution. A total of 257 SSRs and 42 LDRs were identified in the A. selengensis chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. selengensis was sister to A. gmelinii. The findings of this study will be valuable in further studies to understand the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Asteraceae.

[Plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate versus holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKERP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of BPH. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 78 BPH patients treated by PKERP (n = 38) or HoLEP (n = 40) from January 2016 to October 2017. We recorded the operation time, intraoperative hemoglobin level, catheter-indwelling time, bladder irrigation time, hospital stay, 6-month postoperative IPSS, quality of life (QOL), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR), PSA level, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and postoperative complications, and compared the obtained parameters between the two groups and some of them with the baseline. RESULTS: In comparison with the baseline, both the PKERP and HoLEP groups showed statistically significant differences at 6 months after surgery in the QOL score (4.82 ± 0.56 and 4.70 ± 0.67 vs 2.44 ± 0.69 and 2.92 ± 0.49, P < 0.01), IPSS (19.52 ± 4.96 and 19.44 ± 4.08 vs 9.56 ± 2.5 and 9.81 ± 2.5, P < 0.01), Qmax (ï¼»4.54 ± 1.86ï¼½ and ï¼»4.42 ± 2.89ï¼½ ml/s vs ï¼»17.72 ± 3.46ï¼½ and ï¼»17.27 ± 4.42ï¼½ ml/s, P < 0.01), and PVR (ï¼»83.73±55.33ï¼½ and ï¼»109.65 ± 89.58ï¼½ ml vs ï¼»19.93 ± 11.07ï¼½ and ï¼»18.31 ± 15.03ï¼½ ml, P < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were also found between the PKERP and HoLEP groups in the reduced hemoglobin level (ï¼»21.04 ± 16.96ï¼½ vs ï¼»7.88 ± 6.65ï¼½ g/dl, P = 0.01), catheter-indwelling time (ï¼»7.67 ± 2.27ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.93 ± 2.18ï¼½ d, P = 0.01), bladder irrigation time (ï¼»1.67 ± 0.62ï¼½ vs ï¼»1.3 ± 0.54ï¼½ d, P = 0.05), hospital stay (ï¼»4.22 ± 1.55ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.26 ± 0.9ï¼½ d, P = 0.01), and 6-month postoperative QOL score (ï¼»2.44 ± 0.69ï¼½ vs ï¼»2.92 ± 0.49ï¼½, P = 0.05), but not in the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Both PKERP and HoLEP are safe and effective for the treatment of BPH, the former more feasible in primary hospitals, while the latter with the advantages of less bleeding, shorter catheterization and hospital stay, and higher 6-month postoperative QOL score.

Standardized myrtol attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice.

CONTEXT: Standardized myrtol, an essential oil containing primarily cineole, limonene and α-pinene, has been used for treating nasosinusitis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of standardized myrtol in a model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were treated with standardized myrtol for 1.5 h prior to exposure of atomized LPS. Six hours after LPS challenge, lung injury was determined by the neutrophil recruitment, cytokine levels and total protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue. Additionally, pathological changes and NF-κB activation in the lung were examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining and western blot, respectively. RESULTS: In LPS-challenged mice, standardized myrtol at a dose of 1200 mg/kg significantly inhibited the neutrophile counts (from 820.97 ± 142.44 to 280.42 ± 65.45, 103/mL), protein concentration (from 0.331 ± 0.02 to 0.183 ± 0.01, mg/mL) and inflammatory cytokines level (TNF-α: from 6072.70 ± 748.40 to 2317.70 ± 500.14, ng/mL; IL-6: from 1184.85 ± 143.58 to 509.57 ± 133.03, ng/mL) in BALF. Standardized myrtol also attenuated LPS-induced MPO activity (from 0.82 ± 0.04 to 0.48 ± 0.06, U/g) and pathological changes (lung injury score: from 11.67 ± 0.33 to 7.83 ± 0.79) in the lung. Further study demonstrated that standardized myrtol prevented LPS-induced NF-κB activation in lung tissues. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Together, these data suggest that standardized myrtol has the potential to protect against LPS-induced airway inflammation in a model of ALI.

Depiction of carbohydrate-active enzyme diversity in Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32 at the genome level reveals insights into distinct polysaccharide degradation features.

Thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32 can utilize cellulose-, hemicellulose-containing biomass, including unpretreated wheat straw. We have conducted a bioinformatics analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) in the genome of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32, which reveals a broad substrate range of the strain. Among 2285 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 73 (3.2%) CAZyme encoding genes, including 44 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) distributing in 22 GH families, 6 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 3 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 21 glycosyl transferases (GTs), and 25 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) were found. An in-depth bioinformatics analysis of CAZyme families that target cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, pectin, starch, and ß-1,3-1,4-glucan degradation were performed to highlight specialized polysaccharide degrading abilities of strain F32. A great number of orthologous multimodular CAZymes of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32 were found in other strains of genus Caldicellulosiruptor. While, a portion of the CAZymes of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32 showed sequence identity with proteins from strains of genus Clostridium. A thermostable ß-glucosidase BlgA synergistically facilitated the enzymatic degradation of Avicel by endo-1,4-ß-glucanase CelB, which indicated that the synchronous action of synergism between CAZymes enhanced the lignocellulose degradation by Caldicellulosiruptor sp. F32.

Comparative studies of pharmacokinetics and anticoagulatory effect in rats after oral administration of Frankincense and its processed products.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Frankincense (FRA), Ruxiang, is the resin of Boswellia carterii Birdw and Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw which has been used for centuries as formulas to improve the circulation and to relieve pain against carbuncles. Stir-fried Frankincense (SFF) and vinegar processed Frankincense (VPF) are two major processed Frankincense, and the processing procedures reportedly enhance the curative efficacy or reduce the side effects of FRA. This paper describes the comparisons in plasma pharmacokinetic behaviors of 11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-ß-boswellic acid (AKBA) in FRA and its processed products, and their effects on coagulation factors and blood clotting tetrachoric, using an acute cold blood-stasis animal model after oral administration of FRA, SFF, and VPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, including group FRA, group SFF and group VPF. And the plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC. For study of anticoagulatory effect, SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, including control, acute cold blood-stasis model, Fu-fang-dan-shen tablet- (0.75g/kg), FRA-, SFF-, and VPF-treated (2.7g/kg) groups, respectively. The serum contents of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer (D-D), and prostacyclin (PGI2) of each group were measured by ELISA. The values of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) were also assessed by hematology analyzer. RESULTS: Significantly increased levels of Cmax, AUC, T1/2, and MRT were found in rats treated with the processed products. In addition, decreased levels of D-D and TAT and increased contents of PGI2 were observed in rats given FRA and its processed products, compared with that of the model group. Moreover, VPF improved anticoagulation more than SFF in the animals. CONCLUSIONS: The observed improvement of anticoagulation by processed FRA may result from the increased absorption and bioavailability of triterpenoids.

Observations on the Therapeutic Effect of Sequential Acupuncture on Post-stroke Dysphagia / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of sequential acupuncture in treating post-stroke dysphagia. Methods One hundred and ten patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 55 cases each. The control group received routine medication and the treatment group, “cortex-pharynx-tongue root” sequential acupuncture in addition. The pre-/post-treatment difference in the Kubota’s water drinking test score was observed in the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups after 14 days of treatment.Results There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the Kubota’s water drinking test score in the two groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment differences in the Kubota’s water drinking test score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 89.1% in the treatment group and 67.3% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Sequential acupuncture is an effective way to treat post-stroke dysphagia.

The microtubule cytoskeleton and pollen tube Golgi vesicle system are required for in vitro S-RNase internalization and gametic self-incompatibility in apple.

S-RNase is the female determinant of gametophytic self-incompatibility in apple and is usually considered to be the reason for rejection of pollen. In this study, we investigated the role of microtubules (MTs) in internalization of S-RNases by pollen tubes cultured in vitro. The results showed that S-RNase was imported into the pollen tube where it inhibits pollen tube growth, and that S-RNase is co-localized with the Golgi vesicle during the internalization process. Moreover, MT depolymerization is observed following accumulation of S-RNases in the pollen cytosol. On the other hand, S-RNase was prevented from entering the pollen tube when the pollen was treated with the actin filament (AF) inhibitor latrunculin A (LatA), the MT inhibitor oryzalin, or the MT stabilizer taxol at subtoxic concentrations. These hindered the construction of the MT, with pollen tubes capable of growth under these conditions. Pollen tubes showed improved growth in self-pollinated styles that were pre-treated with taxol. This suggests that cytoskeleton antagonists can prevent S-RNase-mediated inhibition of pollen tubes in vivo by blocking S-RNase internalization. These results suggest that an intact and dynamic cytoskeleton is required for the in vitro internalization of S-RNase, as shown by the effects of various cytoskeleton inhibitors. S-RNase internalization takes place via a membrane/cytoskeleton-based Golgi vesicle system, which can also affect self-incompatibility in apple.

[Electroacupuncture intervention improved changes of skin barrier and color in type 2 diabetes rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of auricular concha region (ACR), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) on abnormal skin barrier and color in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T 2 DM) rats so as to find a better therapeutic method. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into control (n = 10), model (n = 13), EA-ST 36-SP 6 (n = 14) and EA-ACR (n = 13) groups. T 2 DM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ (50 mg/kg) and by feeding the animals with high-fat diet for 30 days. EA (15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and ACR respectively for 30 min, once daily for 14 days. Multi Probe Adapter 9 skin measurement system (MPA 9) was used to measure the stratum corneum hydration (SCH), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index (El), melanin index (MI) and chromatic aberration values (L. a. b.) of the abdomenal and back (L1 - L6) skin, respectively. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group and pre-modeling, blood glucose contents of the model, EA-ST 36-SP 6 and EA-ACR groups were increased significantly (P < 0.01) after modeling. Compared with the model group, blood glucose levels of both EA-ST 36-SP 6 and EA-ACR groups were down-regulated apparently (P < 0.01) after treatment. Thirty days after modeling, the SCH, TEWL, EI, MI, L. and a. levels of the back skin, and the SCH and L. levels of the abdominal skin were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the level of b. in the back skin, and those of TEWL, EL, a. and b. of the abdominal skin increased considerably in the model group (P < 0.05). After EA, the levels of SCH, TEWL MI, L. a. and b. in the EA-ST 36-SP 6 group, SCH, TEWL, L. and b. in the EA-ACR group of the back skin, and SCH, L. and b. of both EAST 36-SP 6 and EA-ACR groups, as well as EI and a. of the EA-ST 36-SP 6 group of the abdominal skin were reversed remarkably (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the EA-ST 36-SP 6 and model groups in the levels of El of the back skin, TEWL and MI of the abdominal skin, and between the EA-ACR and model groups in the levels of SCH, EI, MI and a. of the back skin, and TEWL, EI, MI and a. of the abdominal skin (P > 0.05). In spite of a mildly better therapeutic effect of EA-ST 36-SP 6 in regulating some of the abovementioned indexes, no significant differences were found between the two EA groups in all the indexes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA of both ST 36-SP 6 and ACR can effectively down-regulate blood glucose level, suppress DM-induced decrease of SCH, TEWL, L. and a. of the back skin, and SCH of the abdominal skin, and down-regulate b. levels of the back and abdominal skin in T 2 DM rats, showing an improvement of the impaired skin barrier and color changes following EA intervention.

[Exploration on the establishment of animal models for gouty nephropathy complicated with chronic renal failure].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the method for establishing animal models of gouty nephropathy complicated with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Six-eight weeks old male Wistar rats were fed with 10% fodder yeast. The adenine at the daily dose of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg was administrated to them by gastrogavage. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and uric acid (UA) were dynamically monitored. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of rat kidney were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, serum BUN, Cr, and UA obviously increased in rats administered with 100 mg/kg for 7 days (P<0.05). Meanwhile, pathological changes as gouty nephropathy occurred. Along with the prolongation of the modeling time, the aforesaid biochemical indices and pathohistological changes of the kidney were more obvious. The blood Cr level just reached the chronic renal failure level on the 26th day of the administration (about the 4th week), and obviously exceeded the renal failure level on the 41st day (about the 6th week). The blood UA level increased to a higher level on the 7th day of modeling, and maintained at a higher level for a long time. It decreased rapidly from the 41st day to the 48th day. The renal pathological examination showed aggravated infiltration of lymphocytes and stromal fibrous proliferation. On the 48th day of modeling, the proliferation of the fibrous tissue and the interstitial fibrosis were obvious on the bases of the aforesaid changes. The serum BUN, Cr, and blood UA obviously increased in the rats administered with 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg when compared with the normal control group, reaching the level of chronic renal failure (P<0.05). These levels obviously decreased 17 days after restoring to normal fodder feeding, and approached the normal levels till the 35th day. CONCLUSION: Ideal experimental animal models of gouty nephropathy complicated with chronic renal failure could be established in male Wistar rats by feeding with 10% fodder yeast and 100 mg/kg adenine by gastrogavage for 5 weeks.

[The detection and clinical significance of hepatic fibrosis index].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between levels of serum HA, LN, IV-C, PC III of chronic hepatitis and indexes of hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: The levels of serum HA, LN, IV-C and PC III of chronic hepatitis of 124 cases and health 18 cases were measured by radio immunoassay, combined with clinical characteristics and 33 cases pathologic slice etc. The diagnostic of the indexes of serum was analyzed with statistics. RESULTS: HA and IV-C are parallel in chronic hepatitis periods. LN and PC III are concert in the same pathologic periods. In G4 period PC III is nearly closed with comparative group. The value of HA, LN, NV-C and PC III in the chronic hepatitis group was significantly higher than that in the normal comparative group. Conclusion The levels of serum HA LN IV-C and PC III are in concert with the degree of hepatic fibrosis, and these indexes are valuable for chronic hepatitis diagnoses combined with the clinic. LN and PC III are coincidence with hepatic fibrosis degree before G4 period.

[Effect of pericardial suction blood re-transfusion in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on inflammatory cytokines, myocardial injury and pulmonary function].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pericardial suction blood re-transfusion in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on inflammatory cytokines, myocardial injury and lung function. METHODS: 31 patients of off-pump CABG were divided into two study groups (OPCABG1 group and OPCABG2 group) according to the amount of pericardial suction blood re-transfusion beyond or less than 600 ml. 13 patients of on-pump CABG were control group. Serum samples from vein were collected for measurement of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha pre-operation and 1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-operation respectively. The results of CK-MB, TnI, AaDO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were recorded. RESULTS: Patients of the three groups had no significant difference in terms of gender, age, bodyweight, history of hypertension and cardiac infarction and diabetes, EF and left ventricular end diastolic of pre-operation, the amount of bypass graft and shed blood. Of the three groups, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 reached peak level one hour after the operation, and dropped to the pre-operation level 72 hours after the operation. One hour after the operation, the level of IL-6 and IL-8 in OPCABG1 group was higher than in OPCABG2 group (P < 0.05) and about the same in CABG group (P > 0.05). Four hours after the operation, the level of CK-MB in OPCABG1 group was lower than that of CABG group (P < 0.05) and about the same in OPCABG2 group (P >0.05). 4 and 24 hours after the operation, the level of TnI in OPCABG1 group was lower than that of CABG group (P < 0.05) and about the same in OPCABG2 group (P > 0.05). Among the three groups, there was no significant difference in AaDO2 and PaO2/FiO2. CONCLUSIONS: Re-transfusion of large amount of pericardial suction blood can increase serum level of IL-6, IL-8, but it can not cause myocardial injury and affect the gas exchange function of lung significantly.

[Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on CD4 + T cell counts and HIV viral loads during structured treatment interruption in highly active antiretroviral therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impacts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on CD4 + T cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads during the course of structured treatment interruption (STI) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: Nineteen HIV/ADIS patients were treated for 14 months as follows: initiated with zidovudine/lamivudine + efavirdine for 6 months, then discontinued the therapy and treated with TCM instead for 2 months. HAART was then reinitiated for another 3 months, and then discontinued and replaced with TCM for another 3 months. The changes of CD4 + T cell counts and HIV viral loads were measured. RESULTS: During the first STI of HAART, 43.8% of patients had no viral rebounds one month later, and 62.6% had stable or increased immune functions; 18.8% had no viral rebounds two months later, and 43.8% had stable or increased immune functions. Changes of viral loads were not significantly different between these two months (P = 0.097), while CD4 + T cell counts significantly decreased two months later compared with one month later (P = 0.043). During the second STI of HAART, 33.3% of patients had no viral rebounds one month later, and 64.3% had stable or increased immune functions; 13.3% had no viral rebounds 3 months later and 46.6% had stable or increased immune functions. Changes of viral loads had significant difference (P = 0. 017), while CD4 + T cell counts at month 12 elevated significantly compared with the baseline (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: TCM can suppress the viral rebounds during STI-HAART, maintain immune functions. However, this effect may decrease along with the prolongation of STI-HAART.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on CD4 + T cell counts and HIV viral loads during structured treatment interruption in highly active antiretroviral therapy / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the impacts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on CD4 + T cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads during the course of structured treatment interruption (STI) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nineteen HIV/ADIS patients were treated for 14 months as follows: initiated with zidovudine/lamivudine + efavirdine for 6 months, then discontinued the therapy and treated with TCM instead for 2 months. HAART was then reinitiated for another 3 months, and then discontinued and replaced with TCM for another 3 months. The changes of CD4 + T cell counts and HIV viral loads were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the first STI of HAART, 43.8% of patients had no viral rebounds one month later, and 62.6% had stable or increased immune functions; 18.8% had no viral rebounds two months later, and 43.8% had stable or increased immune functions. Changes of viral loads were not significantly different between these two months (P = 0.097), while CD4 + T cell counts significantly decreased two months later compared with one month later (P = 0.043). During the second STI of HAART, 33.3% of patients had no viral rebounds one month later, and 64.3% had stable or increased immune functions; 13.3% had no viral rebounds 3 months later and 46.6% had stable or increased immune functions. Changes of viral loads had significant difference (P = 0. 017), while CD4 + T cell counts at month 12 elevated significantly compared with the baseline (P = 0.014).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TCM can suppress the viral rebounds during STI-HAART, maintain immune functions. However, this effect may decrease along with the prolongation of STI-HAART.</p>