Laminaria japonica increases plasma exposure of glycyrrhetinic acid following oral administration of Liquorice extract in rats / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Laminaria japonica (Laminaria) on pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) following oral administration of Liquorice extract in rats. Following oral administrations of single-dose and multi-dose Liquorice extract and Liquorice-Laminaria extract, respectively, plasma samples were obtained at various times and the concentrations of GA, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin were measured by LC-MS. The effects of Laminaria extract on pharmacokinetics of GA were also investigated, following single-dose and multidose of glycyrrhizic acid (GL). The effects of Laminaria extract on intestinal absorption of GA and GL were studied using the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model. The metabolism of GL to GA in the contents of small and large intestines was also studied. The results showed Liquorice-Laminaria extract markedly increased the plasma concentration of GA, accompanied by a shorter Tmax. Similar alteration was observed following multidose administration. However, pharmacokinetics of neither liquiritigenin nor isoliquiritigenin was affected by Laminaria. Similarly, Laminaria markedly increased concentration and decreased Tmax of GA following oral GL were observed. The data from the intestinal perfusion model showed that Laminaria markedly increased GL absorption in duodenum and jejunum, but did not affect the intestinal absorption of GA. It was found that Laminaria enhanced the metabolism of GL to GA in large intestine. In conclusion, Laminaria increased plasma exposures of GA following oral administration of liquorice or GL, which partly resulted from increased intestinal absorption of GL and metabolism of GL to GA in large intestine.

Morphological and TLC identification on Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos / 中国中药杂志

Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos is the flowers of Aster souliei, A. flaccidus, and A. asteroides, with the function of clearing away heat and toxic matter, relieving cough, and removing phlegm. In order to control the quality of Asteris Flos, the morphological and chemical methods were established for identification of three origins. The morphological features of three species were described and photographed, and the microscopic characteristics of three drug powders were also described in detail and pictured. The results showed that three origins of Asteris Flos could be easily distinguished by their macro- and micro-morphologic features, and a key for distinguishing the three origins was given. Moreover, a TLC method, with apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucurono pyranoside and chlorogenic acid as chemical references, was also established for the identification of three origins. The results showed that the TLC chromatograms of the flowers of A. souliei and A. flaccidus were very similar, but different from that of A. asteroides. The established macroscopic, powder microscopic and TLC methods for identification of three origins of AF were simple, accurate, and reproducible, and also effective and easy to operate.

Microscopic and polariscopic characteristics of 30 medicinal plants of Polygonum / 药学学报

Polygonum L. s. str., belonging to Polygonaceae family, is a big genus with abundant medicinal plants. More than 10 plants are specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and many local medicinal standards and over 50 species are used as folk medicines. Owing to the similar morphologies and very small flowers and fruits, they are uneasily identified and often confused with each other and misused clinically. In order to provide a basis for identification of Polygonum s. str. plants, a histological study on stems and leaves of 30 species from Polygonum was undertaken by a routine/polarized light microscopy for the first time. The results showed that: (1) the transverse sections of stems of Polygonum are relatively similar, sclerenchyma such as xylem and fibres with strong polarization effects; (2) the surface views of leaves of Polygonum are distinguishable on distributions and types of stomata, with or without attachments (such as glandular hairs/scales or non-glandular hairs) and the polariscopic features of epidermal cell walls, stomata and cell contents. Observed under polarized light, it was found for the first time that stomata on leaf surface of some plants have a Maltese-cross effect with the arms of the cross intersecting at the stomatal opening. As a result, a key combining the microscopic and polariscopic characteristics of the stems as well as leaves was provided for identifying the 30 medicinal plants of Polygonum. The polarized light microscopic method was proven to be one of the quick, simple and effective techniques for the identification of medicinal plants and botanic crude materials.

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Fallopia dumetosum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from aerial parts of Fallopia dumetosum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 80% ethanol extract was separated by means of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The compounds isolated from the plant were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were obtained and identified as emodin (1), physcion (2), quercetin (3), luteolin (4), 5"- methoxy-hydnocarpin (5), ethylparaben (6), protocatechuic acid (7), (2S,3S, 4R) -sphinganine-(2'R) -delta5'6' (E) -2'-hydroxyl tetracosanoylamino (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and daucosterol (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anthraquinones and flavones were the major constituents of this plant. All compounds were isolated firstly from this plant, and compounds 5, 7, and 8 were isolated from the genus Fallopia for the first time.</p>

Triterpenes and sterols from Nauclea latifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Nauclea latifolia, which is an African folk medicine and collected from Guinea.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and structurally elucidated by spectral evidence together with physiochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds including 8 triterpenes and 4 sterols were isolated from the roots of N. latifolia, and their structures were defined as 24-en-cycloartenone (1), ursolic aldehyde (2), quinovic acid (3), rotundic acid (4), 3beta,19alpha,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), pyrocincholic acid 3beta-O-beta-D-fucopyranoside (6), quinovic acid 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), quinovic acid-3b-O-D-glucopyranosyl-(28-->1)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (8), beta-sitosterol (9), stigmastan-3,6-dione (10), stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one (11) and daucosterol (12) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds except for 4,9, andl2 are isolated from this plant for the fist time, while compounds 2, 6, 10, and 11 are isolated from the genus Nauclea for the first time.</p>

Macroscopic and microscopic identification of Chinese herb belonging to genus Senecio / 药学学报

The medicinal herbs derived from genus Senecio have been commonly used in Chinese medicine and triggered attention in recent decades for that they contain the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Therefore the botanical pharmacognostic study to authenticate those herbs based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics is important for the assurance of safety when they are applied as raw material for extracts or for finished products. In this paper, 13 taxa (11 species and 2 varieties) of Senecio plants were collected and their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were observed and described by digital microscopic illustration. The results showed that the distribution of collenchyma in the cortex, the level of development for pericycle, the location of the phloem, and the ratio of pith in transverse sections of the stems, and the morphology of the leaf epidermal cells, the stomatal types and the non-glandular hairs in leaf surface view were found to be the main microscopic characteristics for authentication of different Senecio species. The herbs derived from genus Senecio can be distinguished from each other on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and those observation can be used for the identification of commercial crude drugs from Senecio plants.

Macroscopic and microscopic identification of Chinese herb belonging to genus Senecio / 药学学报

The medicinal herbs derived from genus Senecio have been commonly used in Chinese medicine and triggered attention in recent decades for that they contain the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Therefore the botanical pharmacognostic study to authenticate those herbs based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics is important for the assurance of safety when they are applied as raw material for extracts or for finished products. In this paper, 13 taxa (11 species and 2 varieties) of Senecio plants were collected and their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were observed and described by digital microscopic illustration. The results showed that the distribution of collenchyma in the cortex, the level of development for pericycle, the location of the phloem, and the ratio of pith in transverse sections of the stems, and the morphology of the leaf epidermal cells, the stomatal types and the non-glandular hairs in leaf surface view were found to be the main microscopic characteristics for authentication of different Senecio species. The herbs derived from genus Senecio can be distinguished from each other on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and those observation can be used for the identification of commercial crude drugs from Senecio plants.

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Fallopia convolvulus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents in the herbs of Fallopia convolvulus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Its 80% ethanol extract was separated by means of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to give twelve compounds, whose structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as: quercetin (1), luteolin (2), chrysoeriol (3), apigenin (4), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (6), N-trans-coumaroyl tyramine (7), loliolide (8), ethylparaben (9), beta-sitosterol (10), daucosterol (11), n-hexadecanoic acid (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were isolated firstly from this plant, compounds 6-9 were obtained from this genus for the first time.</p>

Flavonoids and phenolic acid derivatives from flos farfarae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Tussilago farfara.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and structurally elucidated by spectral evidence together with physiochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven flavonoids, quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), hyperoside (4), rutin (5), kaempferol (6), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), together with eight phenolic acid derivatives, caffeic acid (8), methyl caffeate (9), ethyl caffeate (10), (E)-2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (11), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (12), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (13), methyl4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinate (14) and chlorogenic acid (15) were isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 7, 9-14 are isolated from this plant, also from this genus, for the first time.</p>

Chemical constituents in herbs of Polygonum jucundum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents in herbs of Polygonum jucundum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The 85% ethanol extract was separated by means of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The compounds isolated from the plant were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: quercetin-3'-O-beta-D-galactoside (1), 8-methoxyquercetin (2), pigenin (3), luteolin (4), quercetin (5), 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone (6), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), beta-sitosterol (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 5- 8 were isolated from the genus Polygonum for the first time.</p>

Chemical constituents of Alisma orientalis and their immunosuppressive function / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents with immunosuppressive function from Alisma orientalis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by kinds of column chromatography and its structures were elucidated by NMR spectra and physicochemical properties. Its immunocompentence of lymphocytes taken from spleen of mouse were examined by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as clovandiol (1), orientalol E (2), alismoxide (3), alismol (4), 4alpha, l0alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-H-guaj-6-en (5), alismorientols A (6), alisol F (7), alisol A (8), 13beta,17beta-epoxy alisol A (9), alisol B 23-acetate (10), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (11) and cuccinic acid (12). Compounds 9, 10 and alisol A 24-acetate showed immunosuppressive function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 5, 11 and 12 were isolated firstly from this genus,and the NMR spectra data of 1 were corrected firstly, some protostan-type triterpenoids may be developed as new drug with immunosuppressive function.</p>

A new compound from Senecio cannabifolius var integrilifolius / 药学学报

Senecio cannabifolius var integrilifolius (Compositae), locally known as "Fanhuncao" in China, is a folk herb used for the treatment of pneumonia, virus influenza and bronchitis. To investigate the chemical constituents of this herb, water extract of the aerial parts was subjected to various chromatography on normal/reversed phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Eleven compounds were obtained and identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis as senecine (1), p-hydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (2), protocatechuic acid (3), 2,5-dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (5), vanillic acid (6), caffic acid (7), succinic acid (8), 2-furoic acid (9), 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrahydro-jacaranone (10), and 4-(pyrrolidin-2-one)-phenylacetic acid (11). Compound 1 was structurally identified to be a new compound; the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Alkaloid and sesquiterpenes from the root tuber of Curcuma longa / 药学学报

One new quinoline alkaloid and seven known bisabolane sesquiterpenes: 2-(2'-methyl-1'-propenyl)-4, 6-dimethyl-7-hydroxyquinoline (1), 2, 5-dihydroxybisabola-3, 10-diene (2), 4, 5-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene (3), turmeronol A (4), bisacurone (5), bisacurone A (6), bisacurone B (7) , bisacurone C (8), as well as dehydrozingerone (9) and zingerone (10) were isolated from the root tuber of Curcuma longa. Their structures were identified by spectral evidence. Compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 6 -8 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 9 - 10 from Curcuma for the first time.

A new compound from Senecio cannabifolius var integrilifolius / 药学学报

Senecio cannabifolius var integrilifolius (Compositae), locally known as "Fanhuncao" in China, is a folk herb used for the treatment of pneumonia, virus influenza and bronchitis. To investigate the chemical constituents of this herb, water extract of the aerial parts was subjected to various chromatography on normal/reversed phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Eleven compounds were obtained and identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis as senecine (1), p-hydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (2), protocatechuic acid (3), 2,5-dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzeneacetic acid (5), vanillic acid (6), caffic acid (7), succinic acid (8), 2-furoic acid (9), 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-jacaranone (10), and 4-(pyrrolidin-2-one)-phenylacetic acid (11). Compound 1 was structurally identified to be a new compound;the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Study on chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of Ligularia duciforms II / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of Ligularia duciforms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>90% ethanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, the structures of compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as lupeol (1), isoscopoletin (2), isoline (3), duciformine (4), (2S, 3S, 4R)-sphinganine-(2'R)-delta5',6' (E)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino (5), tetracosanoic acid (6), tetracosanoicacid glyceride (7), (E)-docosyl ferulate (8), (E)-docosyl caffeate (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 2, 5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant, and the compound 2, 5-7 were isolated firstly from the genus Ligularia.</p>

Study on chemical constituents from stem of Dendrobium aphyllum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the active constituents of Dendrobium aphyllum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data are determinated to elucidate the structure.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: 4'-methoxyl-tricin (1), tricin (2), 7, 3', 5'-tri-O-methyl-tricetin (3), syringic acid (4), ( + )-syring-aresinol (5), D-allitol (6), sucrose (7), icariside D2 (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3, 6-8 were isolated from genus Dendrobium for the first time, additionally, the others were obtained firstly from the plant.</p>

HPLC fingerprint of Herba Senecionis Scandentis and its ESI-MS analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and establish the fingerprints of Herba Senecionis Scandentis by RP-HPLC and LC-MS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>C18 column was used in the HPLC separation. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.03% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL m x min(-1) and detection wavelength was 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under this selected chromatographic condition, good HPLC fingerprints of Senecio scandens were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPLC fingerprint facilitate the evaluation of the quality of Herba Senecionis Scandentis.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents of Dendrobium crystallinum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Dendobium crystallinum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained and identified as: 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybi-benzyl (1), gigantol (2), naringenin (3) , p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), n-tetracosyl trans-p-cou-marate (5), n-octacosy trans-p-coumarate (6), n-hexacosyl trans-ferulate (7), stigmasterol (8), daucosterol (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 4 were isolated firstly from the genus.</p>

Studies on constituents of Dendrobium gratiosissimum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Dendrobium gratiosissimum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 colum chromatography, and the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained as: 3,5,4'-trihydroxybibenzyl (1), 3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl (2), 3,4-dihydroxy-4', 5-dimethoxybibenzyl (3), apigenin (4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), defuscin (6), n-octacostyl ferulate (7), beta-sitosterol (8) and daucosterol (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 2, 4 and 5 were isolated firstly from this genus.</p>

Rapid identification of compounds in cortex moutan by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To analyze the chemical constituents of cortex moutan by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An on-line optimized HPLC-DAD/MS2 technique was employed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the negative ion detection mode, 38 components such as monoterpene glucosides, galloylglucoses and acetophenones were isolated. Among them, over thirty compounds were identified, including paeonol, paeonilflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, galloyloxypaeoniflorin, mundanpioside A, C, D, E, H, etc. by the high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection in parallel with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method can be used to rapidly determine the constituents of cortex moutan.</p>