Monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to conduct the qualitative analysis of the monoterpene chemical components from Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Gradient elution was performed on C_(18) HD(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile(B). The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 30 ℃. MS analysis was conducted in both positive and negative ionization modes using electrospray ionization(ESI) source. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 was used for data processing. The identification of chemical components was realized by the combination of standard compounds, fragmentation patterns, and mass spectra data reported in the literature. Forty-one monoterpenoids in Paeoniae Radix Rubra extract were identified. Among them, 8 compounds were reported in Paeoniae Radix Rubra for the first time and 1 was presumed to be the new compound 5″-O-methyl-galloylpaeoniflorin or its positional isomer. The method in this study realizes the rapid identification of monoterpenoids from Paeoniae Radix Rubra and provides a material and scientific basis for quality control and further study on the pharmaceutical effect of Paeoniae Radix Rubra.

Arsenic speciation and valence / 中国中药杂志

As arsenic widely exists in nature and has been used in the pharmaceutical preparations, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with arsenic include realgar(As_2S_2 or As_4S_4), orpiment(As_2S_3), and white arsenic(As_2O_3). Among the above representative medicine, the TCM compound formulas with realgar are utilized extensively. Just in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), there are 37 Chinese patent medicines including realgar. The traditional element analysis focuses on the detection of the total amount of elements, which neglects the study on the speciation and valence of elements. The activity, toxicity, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways of arsenic in vivo are closely related to the existence of its form, and different forms of arsenic have different effects on organisms. Therefore, the study on the speciation and valence of arsenic is of great importance for arsenic-containing TCMs and their compound formulas. This paper reviewed four aspects of the speciation and valence of arsenic, including property, absorption and metabolism, toxicity, and analytical assay.

The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K is involved in the formation of coronary artery calcification which is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. This study aims to explore the association between coronary artery calcification score and serum concentrations of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 116 patients who underwent CT coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Serum concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between coronary artery calcification score and serum vitamin K concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS: Significantly lower serum vitamin K1 concentration was found in the patients with CACS > 400, comparing with the other CACS categories, respectively. Log (CACS + 1) was significantly higher in MK-4 < 0.05 ng/ml group compared with MK-4 ≥ 0.05 ng/ml group [2.03(0.21, 2.58) vs 1.31(0.00, 2.19), P < 0.05]. In subjects with established coronary calcification (defined as CACS > 10), vitamin K1 was found to be an independent factor contributing to higher CACS (r = -0.288, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, serum vitamin K1 and MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly cohorts with increasing calcification scores. The significant effect of vitamin K1 on CACS was only found in individuals who already had calcification. Whether the detection of circulating vitamin K in patients with preexisting coronary calcification could guide vitamin K supplementation needs further exploration.

O-methylated flavonol as a multi-kinase inhibitor of leukemogenic kinases exhibits a potential treatment for acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor overall survival characterized by various genetic changes. The continuous activation of oncogenic pathways leads to the development of drug resistance and limits current therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a multi-targeting inhibitor may overcome drug resistance observed in AML treatment. Recently, groups of flavonoids, such as flavones and flavonols, have been shown to inhibit a variety of kinase activities, which provides potential opportunities for further anticancer applications. PURPOSE: In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of flavonoid compounds collected from our in-house library and investigated their potential anticancer mechanisms by targeting multiple kinases for inhibition in AML cells. METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of the compounds was detected by cell viability assays. The kinase inhibitory activity of the selected compound was detected by kinase-based and cell-based assays. The binding conformation and interactions were investigated by molecular docking analysis. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. The protein and gene expression were estimated by western blotting and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS: In this study, an O-methylated flavonol (compound 11) was found to possess remarkable cytotoxic activity against AML cells compared to treatment in other cancer cell lines. The compound was demonstrated to act against multiple kinases, which play critical roles in survival signaling in AML, including FLT3, MNK2, RSK, DYRK2 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 1 - 2 µM. Compared to our previous flavonoid compounds, which only showed inhibitions against MNKs or FLT3, compound 11 exhibited multiple kinase inhibitory abilities. Moreover, compound 11 showed effectiveness in inhibiting internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3-ITDs), which accounts for 25% of AML cases. The interactions between compound 11 and targeted kinases were investigated by molecular docking analysis. Mechanically, compound 11 caused dose-dependent accumulation of leukemic cells at the G0/G1 phase and followed by the cells undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: O-methylated flavonol, compound 11, can target multiple kinases, which may provide potential opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics for drug-resistant AMLs. This work provides a good starting point for further compound optimization.

Structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel small-molecule BTK inhibitors.

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is linked to multiple signalling pathways that regulate cellular survival, activation, and proliferation. A covalent BTK inhibitor has shown favourable outcomes for treating B cell malignant leukaemia. However, covalent inhibitors require a high reactive warhead that may contribute to unexpected toxicity, poor selectivity, or reduced effectiveness in solid tumours. Herein, we report the identification of a novel noncovalent BTK inhibitor. The binding interactions (i.e. interactions from known BTK inhibitors) for the BTK binding site were identified and incorporated into a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS). Top-rank compounds were selected and testing revealed a BTK inhibitor with >50% inhibition at 10 µM concentration. Examining analogues revealed further BTK inhibitors. When tested across solid tumour cell lines, one inhibitor showed favourable inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential for targeting BTK malignant tumours. This inhibitor could serve as a basis for developing an effective BTK inhibitor targeting solid cancers.

Effect of miltirone on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia THP-1 cells / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the toxicity and related mechanism of miltirone to human acute myeloid leukemia THP-1 cells. To be specific, the active components and targets of miltirone were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the target proteins were converted into standard gene names with UniProt. Acute leukemia-rela-ted target genes were screened from GeneCards and DisGeNET. Venn diagram was constructed with Venny 2.1 to yield the common targets of the disease and the drug. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape 3.8.2. THP-1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), and 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μmol·L~(-1) miltirone for 24 h, respectively. The proliferation rate of cells was analyzed by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester(CFSE), apoptosis rate by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PE/7 AAD staining, and cell morphology by acridine orange staining. Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) was employed to detect the mRNA levels of nuclear receptor coactivator 2(NCOA2), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP1), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax), Bcl-2, and cysteine aspartyl protease-3(caspase-3). The effect of miltirone on apoptosis was detected in presence of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. A total of 26 targets of miltirone, 1 046 genes related to acute leukemia, and 6 common targets of the two were screened out. Flow cytometry result showed miltirone at 10 μmol·L~(-1) can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of THP-1 cells. The typical manifestations of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear rupture, and chromatin agglomerate were displayed by acridine orange staining. The decreased mRNA levels of NCOA2 and PARP1 and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the activity of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 were observed. Z-VAD-FMK can attenuate the apoptosis-inducing effect of miltirone. This study indicates that miltirone can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of THP-1 cells, by down-regulating NCOA2 and PARP1, raising Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and activating caspase-3.

Identification of a dual TAOK1 and MAP4K5 inhibitor using a structure-based virtual screening approach.

The STE20 kinase family is a complex signalling cascade that regulates cytoskeletal organisation and modulates the stress response. This signalling cascade includes various kinase mediators, such as TAOK1 and MAP4K5. The dysregulation of the STE20 kinase pathway is linked with cancer malignancy. A small-molecule inhibitor targeting the STE20 kinase pathway has therapeutic potential. In this study, a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approach was used to identify potential dual TAOK1 and MAP4K5 inhibitors. Enzymatic assays confirmed three potential dual inhibitors (>50% inhibition) from our virtual screening, and analysis of the TAOK1 and MAP4K5 binding sites indicated common interactions for dual inhibition. Compound 1 revealed potent inhibition of colorectal and lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, compound 1 arrested cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase, which suggests the induction of apoptosis. Altogether, we show that the STE20 signalling mediators TAOK1 and MAP4K5 are promising targets for drug research.

Effect and Mechanism of Qixian Tongluo Prescription on Neural Function Recovery in Patients with Cerebral Infarction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Qixian Tongluo prescription on neural function recovery in patients with cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Method:A total of 100 inpatients （January to June，2020）with cerebral infarction in the Neurology Department of Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were assigned to an experimental group （<italic>n</italic>=50） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=50） according to the random number table. Both groups received conventional treatment of western medicine，while the experimental group took additional Qixian Tongluo prescription. Treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The clinical efficacy，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score， the modified Barthel index （MBI），Fugl-Meyer assessment （FMA） score， and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF），vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）， and stromal cell-derived factor-1（SDF-1） in peripheral blood of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Result:The total response rate in the experimental group was 84.00%（42/50），higher than 66.00%（33/50） in the control group （<italic>Z</italic>=-7.365，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in the scores of MBI，FMA， and NIHSS before treatment between the two groups. The MBI and FMA scores of the two groups increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the NIHSS scores decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group showed increased MBI and FMA scores and decreased NIHSS score （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in BDNF level between the two groups before and after treatment. The VEGF and SDF-1 levels in the peripheral blood of the two groups were higher than those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the experimental group was higher than the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Qixian Tongluo prescription can effectively improve the clinical efficacy，the quality of life， and the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction during convalescence. The underlying mechanism is associated with the promotion of the expression of endogenous VEGF and SDF-1 in the peripheral blood to activate the SDF-1/chemokine receptor 4（CXCR4） signaling pathway， induce the recruitment and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells， and facilitate the angiogenesis and repair of ischemic brain tissues.

Clinical observation on deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle for trigeminal neuralgia of wind and heat / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect between deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle and conventional acupuncture in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) of wind and heat, and explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with TN of wind and heat were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases). In the observation group, deep needling with round sharp needle was applied at Xiaguan (ST 7), and tapping with plum-blossom needle was applied at Yangbai (GB 14), Quanliao (SI 18), Dicang (ST 4), Sibai (ST 2), etc. of affected side. In the control group, conventional acupuncture was applied at the same acupoints selected in the observation group. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks in the both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), TCM syndrome, patient global impression of change (PGIC) and comprehensive symptom were observed, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and β-endorphin (β-EP) were detected, and the adverse reaction was observed in the both groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of PRI, PPI, VAS, TCM syndrome, PGIC and comprehensive symptom and the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and VIP were decreased compared before treatment in the both groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Deep needling at Xiaguan (ST 7) with round sharp needle combined with plum-blossom needle can effectively treat the trigeminal neuralgia of wind and heat and relieve pain, its therapeutic effect is superior to conventional acupuncture. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of serum IL-6, TNF-α, VIP and β-EP.

Effects of Tanreqing Capsule on the negative conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Tanreqing Capsule (TRQC) was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of TRQC in the treatment of COVID-19.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 82 patients who had laboratory-confirmed mild and moderate COVID-19; patients were treated with TRQC in one designated hospital. The treatment and control groups consisted of 25 and 57 cases, respectively. The treatment group was given TRQC orally three times a day, three pills each time, in addition to conventional Western medicine treatments which were also administered to the control group. The clinical efficacy indicators, such as the negative conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid, the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid, the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid, and the improvement in the level of immune indicators such as T-cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD45) were monitored.@*RESULTS@#COVID-19 patients in the treatment group, compared to the control group, had a shorter negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid (4 vs. 9 days, P = 0.047) and a shorter interval of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid (0 vs. 2 days, P = 0.042). The level of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Significant reductions in the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid and the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid were identified in the treatment group as compared to the control group, illustrating the potential therapeutic benefits of using TRQC as a complement to conventional medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19. The underlying mechanism may be related to the improved levels of the immune indicator CD3

Cupping Therapy for Diseases: An Overview of Scientific Evidence from 2009 to 2019 / 中国结合医学杂志

Cupping therapy has been accepted worldwide, and many studies have been conducted to reveal its curative effects and mechanisms. To comprehensively evaluate the effect of cupping therapy, database including China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database VIP, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Biomedicine (CBM), PubMed and Web of Science were searched from 2009-2019. We summarized all the meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and the mechanisms studies of cupping therapy in the previous 10 years, hoping to provide a reference for the clinical applications and studies.

Effects of acupuncture, combined with phacoemulsification for cataract with glaucoma / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of acupuncture combined with phacoemulsification for cataract with glaucoma.@*METHODS@#Sixty-eight patients with cataract and angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 34 cases in each one. The patients in the control group were treated with phacoemulsification. Based on the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with and acupuncture at acupoints around eyes; the treatment was given once every other day, and 15-day treatment constituted a course, and 2 courses (60 days) were given. The intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, pain severity, aqueous outflow (F value) and clinical symptoms were observed in the two groups before treatment and after 1 d, 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment.@*RESULTS@#The IOP after 1 d, 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (all <0.05), while the visual acuity after 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (all <0.05). Compared before treatment, the IOP was significantly decreased after 1 d, 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment in the two groups, and the visual acuity was significantly increased after 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment in the two groups (all <0.05). The pain scores and F value after 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all <0.05). Compared before treatment, the pain scores and F value after 7 d, 30 d and 60 d of treatment were significantly reduced in the two groups (all <0.05). After 60 d of treatment, the number of patients who presented general clinical symptoms in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Based on phacoemulsification, acupuncture and could significantly reduce the IOP and F value, relieve pain and improve visual acuity in patients with cataract and glaucoma.

Intervention of Modified Yupingfeng San Combined with Aspirin on D-dimer， PagT Levels of RSA with Seronegative APS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of aspirin combined with modified Yupingfeng San on patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome. Method:From December 2016 to March 2018, 109 cases of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients with seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome in Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as the study objects. According to the random number table, they were divided into three groups:blank group, control group and study group. The blank group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, as placebo, the control group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, Danshen pills, 4 pills/time, tid, and aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and the study group was treated with folic acid tablets, 1 pill/time, qd, aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and modified Yupingfeng San, 150 mL/time, bid. These patients were all asked for pregnancy preparation for 1 year and treated with aspirin, 1 pill/time, tid, and progesterone pills, 1 pill/time, tid, since the beginning of pregnancy until 13 weeks or abortion. The pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, coagulation index before and after treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score as well as months of abortion were all observed and compared. Result:The coagulation index and TCM symptom score of the study group were significantly lower than those before treatment (PPPPPConclusion:The data proved that the combination of anti-coagulation medicine with either single herb or herbal compound can improve the curative effect of the patients, and traditional Chinese herbal compound can regulate the immune system, reduce the thrombosis and improve the symptoms of TCM, which made the curative efficacy more prominent. However, more samples were needed for further research. Because the time of fetal protection may not change the outcome of pregnancy, the therapy should be maintained at least until the end of the early pregnancy.

Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis through Regulating Inflammation and Apoptosis Related Factors: An Experimental Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the effects of hawthorn extract on serum lipid levels, pathological changes in aortic atherosclerosis plaque, inflammatory factors, and apoptosis-related protein and mRNA expression in apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE) mice.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six ApoE mice were fed with a high-fat diet starting at the age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups by a random number table including model group, hawthorn extract group, and simvastatin group, 12 mice in each group. Twelve 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a basic diet and served as control. The mice in the control and model groups were administered 0.2 mL saline daily, the mice in the hawthorn extract and simvastatin groups were administered with 50 mg/kg hawthorn extract or 5 mg/kg simvastatin daily for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, plasma lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by an enzymatic assay. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), adiponectin (APN), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the aorta were assessed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared to the control group, the plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly increased and HDL-C were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract significantly decreased the plasma levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the plasma level of HDL-C in ApoE mice (P<0.01). The levels of MCP-1, IL-1ß, and hs-CRP in the model group were significantly increased and APN was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, treatment with hawthorn extract decreased the levels of MCP-1, IL-1ß, and hs-CRP and increased the APN level (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the protein and mRNA expression of Bax in the model group were significantly increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Hawthorn extract also reduced the protein and mRNA expression of Bax and increased the Bcl-2 expression in the aorta (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Hawthorn extract has anti-atherosclerosis and stabilizing unstable plaque effects. The mechanism may be related to the inflflammation and apoptosis signaling pathways.

Is Chinese herbal medicine effective for elderly isolated systolic hypertension? A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) on isolated systolic hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until August 2015. Subgroup analyses and meta-analysis were performed to assess the efficacy and safety of the included studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 24 studies, including 2,096 patients (1,058 patients in the intervention group and 1,038 in the control group), were evaluated in the final analysis. Compared with a conventional therapy used alone, CM as additional intervention was more effective on systolic blood pressure [mean difference (MD)=-0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(-0.97,-0.36), P<0.00001] and significantly diminished the pulse pressure [MD=-7.49, CI=(-12.69,-2.29), P<0.00001]. However it showed no additional benefit on diastolic blood pressure [MD=1.16, CI=(0.02, 2.29), P=0.87]. Adverse events were not explicitly reported in most RCTs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CM might be a promising approach for the elderly with isolated systolic hypertension, while the evidence for CM employed alone was insufficient. Considering the inherent limitations of the included studies, larger high-quality RCTs with extensive follow-up should be performed to validate our findings in the future.</p>

"Prevention and Treatment of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Theory of“Preventive Treatment of Disease""" / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To emphasize the importance of early prevention and treatment, this article discusses on the theory and application of preventive treatment of disease from traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. [Methods] With de-tailed research into related study of risk factors affecting carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients from recent years, comprehensive summary of tra-ditional risk factors and risk factors of the latest findings were demonstrated. The prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mel itus was discussed in two aspects by theory of“preventive treatment of disease. [Result] In diabetic patients without carotid atherosclerosis, early and timely intervention can prevent the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions; In diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis, active treatment can reduce the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction and other critical care. [Conclusion] In patients with type 2 diabetes, risk factors affect-ing carotid atherosclerosis should be control ed and intervened early, which can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions to improve the quality of life, but early diagnosis technology and indicators need to be further researched.

Clinical study on treatment of carotid atherosclerosis with extraction of polygoni cuspidati rhizoma et radix and crataegi fructus: a randomized controlled trial / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of detoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque integral and plaque stability related serum indexes of patients with carotid atherosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sixty and four cases of carotid artery atherosclerosis patients were assigned randomly to 2 groups: detoxifying and blood circulation activating treatment group (treatment group, 32 cases) and control group (32 cases). Patients in treatment group were treated with capsules of extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn, 1 pill po, bid (dosage of administration: polygonum cuspidatum extraction 5.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), hawthorn extraction 5.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)); patients in control group were treated with lovastatin 20 mg po, qd (dosage of administration: 0.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The course of treatment was six months. To observe changes of IMT, plaque integral, and detect the level of plaque stability related serum indexes such as Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and TIMP-1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After 6 months of treatment, in control group one patient quit the clinical trial because of liver dysfunction and one patient was rejected because of having not followed the therapeutic regimen. 32 cases in treatment group and 30 cases in control group were analyzed. The results showed that IMT and plaque integral of treatment group decreased significantly after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference compared with control grope. Serum Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and MMP-1/TIMP-1 decreased after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the treatment group was superior to control group in decreasing serum Hs-CRP (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn has good effect of anti-atherosclerosis and promoting plaque stability. Its mechanism might be related with anti-inflammation and inhibiting degradation of extracellular matrix, and deserves further studies.</p>

Response rules of pressing pain on back section in Governor Vessel in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国针灸

The response rules of pressing pain on the back section in the Governor Vessel in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) were studied to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of GERD. Seventy-six cases of GERD were included into an observation group while 30 healthy volunteers were recruited into a control group. A mechanical measurement device of pressing pain that could measure the pain threshold was adapted to observe the pressing pain on the back section in the Governor Vessel in GERD patients and healthy volunteers. The test area is from spinous process of the 1st thoracic vertebra to that of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T1 -T12), including acupoints and non-acupoints on the Governor Vessel. As a result, in the observation group the pain threshold of T5-T7 spinous process clearance, which was the location of Shendao (GV 11), Lingtai (GV 10) and Zhiyang (GV 9), was lower than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). This result indicated that there was significant pressing pain in T5-T7 spinous process clearance in patients with GERD, which could be taken as an important auxiliary diagnosis and a new thinking method in the treatment of GERD with acupuncture.

Effects of ginseng and ligusticum drug containing serum on the ERK pathway, proliferation, and vitality of neural stem cells undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of ginseng and Ligustrazine drug containing serum on the proliferation, vitality, and extracellular-signal-responsive kinase (ERK) pathway in neural stem cells undergoing in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cultured neural stem cells were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group (Group A), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation group (Group B), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation +ginseng serum group (Group C), the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation + Ligustrazine serum group (Group D), and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation +ginseng and Ligustrazine drug serum group (Group E).The protein expression levels of ERK and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) were observed using immunoblotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells was observed using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. The vitality of neural stem cells was detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The p-ERK level increased transiently at 10 min and 30 min after reoxygenation, but it decreased to the normal level at 4 h, 6 h, and 1 day, respectively. Compared with Group B, the p-ERK level at 6 h after reoxygenation could be elevated in Group C, D, and E. The proliferation and the vitality of neural stem cells at 1 day after reoxygenation could be enhanced. Furthermore, the effects of combination of ginseng and Ligusticum were better than those of using ginseng or Ligusticum alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of ginseng and Ligusticum could promote the proliferation and vitality of rats' neural stem cells undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture through ERK signal pathway. Its effects was better than that of using ginseng or Ligusticum alone.</p>

Effects of sowthistle-leaf Ixeris seedling injection on survival of random skin flap in rats / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Ixeri sonhifolia injection on random skin flap survival in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dorsal full-thickness skin flap model were harvested from 24 Sprague-Dawley rats in 2 to 3 months old. Twelve rats in experimental group were injected intraperitoneally with 5 ml/kg Ixeri sonhifolia injection immediately after the operation, the other rats in control group with an equal volume of saline. The rats were killed by cervical dislocation after 7 days' Ixeri sonhifolia injection. The area ratio of the survival tissue was measured at the 7th day,the tissue samples from proximal, middle, and distal portions were stained by HE and sectioned for histological and image analysis. VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven days later, there was statistical significance between the percentage of the survival area of the flap between the experimental group (70.432 +/- 3.867)% and the control group (50.498 +/- 2.346)% (P < 0.05). In the middle portion, edema and infiltration of tissue in the experimental group were reduced than those of the control group, and new blood vessels increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). A statistical significance of the expression of VEGF was detected between experimental group (4867.31 +/- 452.36) and control group (2387.45 +/- 768.46) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ixeri sonhifolia injection can promote the survival of random skin flap by increasing the quantity of capillary, reducing inflammatory infiltration of Europhiles and increasing the expression of VEGF, which promote a new approaching for the transpanting of the random flap research.</p>