RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Tunisia, popularly known as rosemary, is of a considerable importance for its medicinal uses and aromatic value. The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) and to evaluate its antibiofilm activity on biofilm-forming bacterium and its anticancer activity on cancer cell lines. METHODS: The chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) was analyzed by GC-MS and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by micro-dilution method. The antibofilm activity of ROEO was evaluated using the crystal violet test and the cytotoxicity activity was determined by the MTT assay. RESULTS: In this research, thirty-six compounds were identified in ROEO using GC-MS analyses. The main components were 1,8-cineole (23.56%), camphene (12.78%), camphor (12.55%) and ß-pinene (12.3%). The antibacterial activity of ROEO was evaluated by micro-dilution method. The oil exhibited inhibition and bactericidal effect against two strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 and Staphylococcus epidermidis S61. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained for S. aureus and S. epidermidis ranged from 1.25 to 2.5 and from 0.312 to 0.625 µl ml-1, respectively and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were in the order of 5 and 2.5 µl ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, this oil showed a S. epidermidis biofilm inhibition more than 57% at a concentration of 25 µl ml-1. The eradication of 67% of the established biofilm was observed at a concentration of 50 µl ml-1 of ROEO, whereas the dose of 25 µl ml-1 removed only 38% of preformed biofilm. ROEO strongly inhibited the proliferation of Hela and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0.011 and 0.253 µl ml-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that ROEO could have a potential role in the treatment of diseases related to infection by microorganisms or proliferation of cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Rosmarinus/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/aislamiento & purificación , Alcanfor/aislamiento & purificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos , Ciclohexanoles/aislamiento & purificación , Eucaliptol , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Células HeLa , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Monoterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Staphylococcus epidermidis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , TúnezRESUMEN
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a small annual and herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is a multipurpose plant species cultivated in the Middle East, India, China, and several Mediterranean countries, including Tunisia. Its fruit, known as cumin seed, is most widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes. It is generally used as a food additive, popular spice, and flavoring agent in many cuisines. Cumin has also been widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including hypolipidemia, cancer, and diabetes. The literature presents ample evidence for the biological and biomedical activities of cumin, which have generally been ascribed to its content and action of its active constituents, such as terpens, phenols, and flavonoids. The present paper provides an overview of phytochemical profile, biological activities, and ethnomedical and pharmacological uses of Cumin.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica , Cuminum , Medicina Tradicional , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cuminum/química , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
A biosurfactant-producing bacterium (Staphylococcus sp. strain 1E) was isolated from an Algerian crude oil contaminated soil. Biosurfactant production was tested with different carbon sources using the surface tension measurement and the oil displacement test. Olive oil produced the highest reduction in surface tension (25.9 dynes cm(-1)). Crude oil presented the best substrate for 1E biosurfactant emulsification activity. The biosurfactant produced by strain 1E reduced the growth medium surface tension below 30 dynes cm(-1). This reduction was also obtained in cell-free filtrates. Biosurfactant produced by strain 1E showed stability in a wide range of pH (from 2 to 12), temperature (from 4 to 55 °C) and salinity (from 0 to 300 g l(-1)) variations. The biosurfactant produced by strain 1E belonged to lipopeptide group and also constituted an antibacterial activity againt the pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Phenanthrene solubility in water was enhanced by biosurfactant addition. Our results suggest that the 1E biosurfactant has interesting properties for its application in bioremediation of hydrocarbons contaminated sites.
Asunto(s)
Biodegradación Ambiental , Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Staphylococcus/metabolismo , Tensoactivos/metabolismo , Argelia , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Medios de Cultivo/química , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Emulsiones/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopéptidos/aislamiento & purificación , Lipopéptidos/metabolismo , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Petróleo/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Tensoactivos/aislamiento & purificación , Tensoactivos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, mesophilic, moderately halotolerant, non-motile, and non-sporulated bacterium, designated strain BSC5 was isolated from an off-shore "Sercina" oil field, located near the Kerkennah island, Tunisia. Yeast extract was not required for growth. Phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BSC5 revealed that it was related to members of the genus Klebsiella, being most closely related to the type strain of K. oxytoca (99% sequence similarity). Strain BSC5 was capable of using aerobically the crude oil as substrate growth. The growth of strain BSC5 on crude oil was followed by measuring the OD(600 nm) and by enumeration of viable cells at different culture's time. GC-MS analysis showed that strain BSC5 was capable of degrading a wide range of aliphatic hydrocarbons from C(13) to C(30) . The biodegradation rate for n -alkanes reached 44% and 75%, after 20 and 45 days of incubation, respectively. Addition of the synthetic surfactant, Tween 80, accelerated the crude oil degradation. The biodegradation rate for n -alkanes reached 61% and 98%, after 20 and 45 days of incubation, respectively. Moreover, three aromatic compounds, p -hydroxybenzoate, protocatechuate and gentisate, were metabolized completely by strain BSC5 after 24 h, under aerobic conditions.
Asunto(s)
Klebsiella oxytoca/aislamiento & purificación , Klebsiella oxytoca/metabolismo , Yacimiento de Petróleo y Gas/microbiología , Petróleo/metabolismo , Aerobiosis , Anaerobiosis , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis por Conglomerados , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Klebsiella oxytoca/genética , Klebsiella oxytoca/fisiología , Viabilidad Microbiana , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Factores de Tiempo , TúnezRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Extracellular bacterial lipases received much attention for their substrate specificity and their ability to function under extreme environments (pH, temperature...). Many staphylococci produced lipases which were released into the culture medium. Reports of extracellular thermostable lipases from Staphylococcus sp. and active in alkaline conditions are not previously described. RESULTS: This study focused on novel strategies to increase extracellular lipolytic enzyme production by a novel Staphylococcus sp. strain ESW. The microorganism needed neutral or alkaline pH values between 7.0 and 12.0 for growth. For pH values outside this range, cell growth seemed to be significantly inhibited. Staphylococcus sp. culture was able to grow within a wide temperature range (from 30 to 55°C). The presence of oils in the culture medium leaded to improvements in cells growth and lipolytic enzyme activity. On the other hand, although chemical surfactants leaded to an almost complete inhibition of growth and lipolytic enzyme production, their addition along the culture could affect the location of the enzyme. In addition, our results showed that this novel Staphylococcus sp. strain produced biosurfactants simultaneously with lipolytic activity, when soapstock (The main co-product of the vegetable oil refining industry), was used as the sole carbon source. CONCLUSION: A simultaneous biosurfactant and extracellular lipolytic enzymes produced bacterial strain with potential application in soap stock treatment.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Lipasa/metabolismo , Staphylococcus/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/biosíntesis , Caprilatos/química , Medios de Cultivo/química , Pruebas de Enzimas , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lipasa/biosíntesis , Lípidos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Tensoactivos/química , Triglicéridos/químicaRESUMEN
An aerobic, thermophilic, halotolerant and Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain C5, was isolated from a high-temperature oil field, located in Sfax, Tunisia, after enrichment on tyrosol. Strain C5 grew between 25 and 70 degrees C and optimally at 50 degrees C. It grew in the presence of 0-12% (w/v) NaCl, with optimum growth at 3% (w/v) NaCl. Strain C5 was able to degrade tyrosol aerobically, in the presence of 30 g L(-1) NaCl and under warm conditions (55 degrees C). The degradation of tyrosol proceeded via p-hydroxyphenylacetic and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acids. The products were confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS analyses. Strain C5 was also found to degrde a wide range of other aromatic compounds, including benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, cinnamic and ferulic acids, phenol and m-cresol. Moreover, strain C5 was grown on diesel and crude oil as sole carbon and energy sources. Strain C5 was also able to utilize several carbohydrates. Phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain C5 revealed that it was related to members of the genus Geobacillus, being most closely related to the type strain of G. pallidus (99% sequence similarity). In addition, we report on growth of the type strain of G. pallidus on different aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons.