RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Chenopodium ambrosioides have been used during centuries by native people to treat parasitic diseases. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To compare the in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of the essential oil (EO) from C. ambrosioides and its major components (ascaridole, carvacrol and caryophyllene oxide). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-leishmanial effect was evaluated in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated with the EO, main compounds and artificial mix of pure components by intralesional route at 30 mg/kg every 4 days during 14 days. Diseases progression and parasite burden in infected tissues were determined. RESULTS: EO prevented lesion development compared (p<0.05) with untreated animals and treated with vehicle. In addition, the efficacy of EO was also statistically superior (p<0.05) compared with the glucantime-treated animals. No potential effects were observed with pure components treatment. Mix of pure compounds cause death of animals after 3 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the superiority of EO against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis.
Asunto(s)
Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Chenopodium ambrosioides/química , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Animales , Antiprotozoarios/química , Antiprotozoarios/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos Ciclohexánicos , Cimenos , Femenino , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Meglumina/farmacología , Antimoniato de Meglumina , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacología , Peróxidos/química , Peróxidos/aislamiento & purificación , Peróxidos/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Polyisoprenylated benzophenones have been isolated from plants, particularly in the Clusiaceae family, and their biological properties recently have received considerable attention from a pharmacological point of view. The aim of the study was to investigate the polyisoprenylated benzophenones, nemorosone and guttiferone A, for their antimicrobial effect against a panel of bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites. They showed a moderate activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, while no activity was demonstrated against Escherichia coli and the fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. An interesting activity was found for Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values lower than 1 µm, while cytotoxicity on MRC-5 cells revealed CC50 values of 15.5 and 12.0 µm, respectively, for nemorosone and guttiferone A.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Benzofenonas/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Transformada , Clusiaceae , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Trichophyton/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The in vitro antileishmanial effect of the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides against Leishmania donovani was investigated. The product showed significant activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, with a 50% effective concentration of 4.45 and 5.1 microg/mL, respectively. The essential oil caused an irreversible inhibition of the growth of promastigotes after a treatment with 100 or 10 microg/mL for 1 or 24 h, respectively. The phagocytic activity of the macrophages was preserved at a concentration toxic to the parasite. The essential oil from C. ambrosioides may be a potential candidate drug to development a new agent to combat this parasitic disease.