Biochemical evaluation and medicinal ability of Jatropha mollissima in hepatic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Jatropha mollissima is one of the most valuable medicinal plants used for the treatment of hepatic disorders. It is evident that 500 mg/kg of sodium valproate causes the hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, and inflammation. This study was designed to explore the medicinal uses of Jatropha mollissima in hepatic disorders. METHODS: Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wister albino rats by injecting sodium valproate at the rate of 500 mg/kg once daily for fourteen days. Six male rats, each weighing 220-270 g, were placed into four separate groups for the study. The first group was treated with normal saline. Treatment of the second group was carried out by SVP for four days consecutively together with saline for three weeks. Group three and four were treated with sodium valproate and Jm hydroalcoholic extract applied in the concentrations of the 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for the period of the three weeks. Phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis were conducted to identify the phytochemical nature and polyphenols in extract, respectively. DPPH, SOD, and NO tests were performed to measure the antioxidant activity. RESULTS: With the initial dose of treatments to rats, anatomic, physiological, or histopathologic abnormalities were detected. After three weeks, extract of Jatropha mollissima was used to treat the valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that sodium valproate (SVP) and Jm extract were administered together. The hepatoprotective effects were extraordinarily high, with high concentrations of 400 mg/kg.

In vivo antioxidants, chemical characterization and biochemical and medicinal potential of Murraya koenigii in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Murraya koenigii (Mk) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The excessive use of cisplatin (Cis> 50 mg/m2) is associated with nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. Remedial measures are needed for the protection of nephrotoxicity against cisplatin. Thus, we have investigated Mk leaf extract's nephroprotective effects to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The presence of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins was revealed during phytochemical investigation, and antioxidant activity was recorded. There were no toxicological symptoms in the treated rats, and no anatomical, physiological, or histological abnormalities were found compared to the control rats. The results of correcting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity revealed that the extract has a significant ability to treat kidney damage, with most parameters returning to normal after only three weeks of therapy. It was concluded that co-administered cisplatin with Mk leaves extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a 400 mg/kg dose ratein Cis-induced nephrotoxicity.

Evaluation of the hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Alhagi camelorum against valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite many liver disorders, clinically useful drugs are scarce. Moreover, the available therapies are facing the challenges of efficacy and safety. Alhagi camelorum has been used in folk medicine globally for millennia to treat several ailments. Alhagi camelorum (Ac) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Our goal was to determine the hepatoprotective activity of Alhagi camelorum against valproic acid induced hepatotoxicity using an animal model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The animals were segregated in 4-groups (6 male rats each) weighing 250-290 g. Group-1 animals were treated with normal saline, Group-2 animals were treated with VPA at the dose of 500 mg/kg i.p for 14 days consecutively, while Group-3 and 4 were treated with valproic acid (VPA) at the dose of 500 mg/kg i.p for 14 days along with 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of Ac hydroalcoholic extract respectively. Subsequently, blood serum samples and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to screen for phytochemical classes and HPLC analysis was conducted to screen polyphenols. The antioxidant activity was carried by different assays such as DPPH, SOD, NO etc. KEY RESULTS: The administration of Ac showed hepatoprotection at the doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg. Ac significantly reduces the elevated serum levels of liver biomarkers compared to the valproic acid-induced hepatotoxic group. These findings were confirmed with histopathological changes where Ac was capable of reversing the toxic effects of valproic acid on liver cells CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Ac showed significant hepatoprotective effects at different doses in the animal model used in this study.

Preparation of Spilanthes acmella based emulgel: Antimicrobial study and evaluation.

SSTIs (Skin and soft tissue infections) are the most commonly occurring infections among all age groups. This study aimed to create an herbal emulgel for the treatment of bacterial skin infections as many bacteria have developed strong resistance against antibiotics. Spilanthe acmella plant extract contains spilanthol which has strong anti-bacterial properties. Methanolic S. acmella extract-based emulgels being promising drug delivery systems have been evaluated for various parameters like physical characteristics, viscosity, pH, spreading coefficient, Bioadhesive strength determination, Extrudability, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. 200µg/100µl exhibited the highest antioxidative activity 60.01±0.28% radical scavenging activity. MIC values of pure extract found in the range of 0.83±0.21 to 1.66±0.41µg/100µl, MBC values found in the range of 1.66±0.41 to 3.33±0.83µg/100µl for all strains of bacteria. Statistically significant antibacterial activity of all extract containing emulgels was observed against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli p-value = 0.00, while maximum antibacterial effect all formulations have produaced zone of inhibitions against E. Coli p-value = 0.00. The current study thus suggests the use of S. acmella extract-based emulgel for the treatment of bacterial skin infections caused by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

Hepatoprotective and hepatocurative effects of Spilanthes acmella Murr against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is appreciably escalating health dilemma worldwide and the degree of the problem has encouraged importance in the exploration for hepatotherapeutic agents from plants. In the current research work, the hepatoprotective/hepatocurative activity of methanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr aerial parts in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rabbits by the analysis of different liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP along with histopathological investigations. In first phase of the study, paracetamol toxicated rabbits were treated with extract and standard drug jatepar TM. The hepatotoxicant (paracetamol) significantly increased the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase compared to normal control. Spilanthes acmella Murr at (400 mg/kg) reversed the elevation in the level of ALP, AST and ALT caused by the hepatotoxicants and jeteparR TM (standard) also reversed the deleterious effects of the hepatotoxicants. In second phase of this study, extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr was given to rabbits for ten days then paracetamol was administered in one group and level of liver parameters was paralleled with regular control group and the group that was receiving the extract. It is concluded that methanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella Murr aerial parts possesses hepatocurative and hepatoprotective activity.