Clustering analysis of keishibukuryogan formulas by use of self-organizing maps.

Kampo medicines, traditional herbal medicines in Japan, are comprised of multiple botanical raw materials that contain a number of pharmacologically active substances. Conventionally, the quality control of kampo medicines has been performed by analyzing the contents of two or three representative components. However, it is not sufficient to check quality only with a limited number of specific components. We performed HPLC of 287 lots of keishibukuryogan formulas, calculated the areas of 11 components on chromatograms as feature values and made a cluster analysis using self-organizing maps (SOMs). We verified the precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) of clustering results when using the same samples and successfully established an clustering method using SOMs that is capable of precisely clustering differences in HPLC-fingerprints among pharmaceutical manufacturers, differences in HPLC-fingerprints due to the combination ratios of botanical raw materials, and differences in HPLC-fingerprints due to changes in component contents caused by time-course deterioration. Consequently, we could confirm that this method is useful for controlling the quality of multiple component drugs and analyzing quality differences.

The herbal medicine Shosaiko-to exerts different modulating effects on lung local immune responses among mouse strains.

Shosaiko-to (SST), a Chinese/Japanese traditional herbal medicine, has recently been demonstrated to increase lung interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and to ameliorate pulmonary disorders in BALB/c mice (BALB). In the present study, we examined the effects of SST on lung cytokine levels and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice (B6), which are known to show different immune responses from BALB due to the difference in genetic backgrounds. In B6, in contrast with BALB, SST decreased lung IL-6 levels and exacerbated LPS-induced lung injury. Investigation of the active components of SST suggested that multiple ingredients were supposed to be responsible for IL-6-attenuating activity in vivo. Further, we examined the effect of metabolites of major ingredients of SST on IL-6 production from lung immune cells in vitro. Saikogenin D and oroxylin A attenuated IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages of B6 more than in that of BALB. Liquiritigenin, which was previously reported to enhance IL-6 production in anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-stimulated lung mononuclear cells of BALB, showed no effect on that of B6. These findings suggest that SST may have different, possibly even opposite, effects on lung immunity in hosts with different genetic backgrounds.