[Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection]. / Eficacia y perfil de seguridad del arándano americano en lactantes y niños con infección urinaria recurrente.

OBJECTIVE: Cranberry prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants has proven effective in the experimental model of the adult. There are few data on its efficacy, safety and recommended dose in the pediatric population. METHODS: A controlled, double-blind Phase III clinical trial was conducted on children older than 1 month of age to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cranberry in recurrent urinary tract infection. The assumption was of the non-inferiority of cranberry versus trimethoprim. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier analysis. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients under 1 year of age and 107 over 1 year were recruited. Trimethoprim was prescribed to 75 patients and 117 received cranberry. The cumulative rate of urinary infection associated with cranberry prophylaxis in children under 1 year was 46% (95% CI; 23-70) in children and 17% (95% CI; 0-38) in girls, effectively at doses inferior to trimethoprim. In children over 1 year-old cranberry was not inferior to trimethoprim, with a cumulative rate of urine infection of 26% (95% CI; 12-41). The cranberry was well tolerated and with no new adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that cranberry is safe and effective in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants and children. With the doses used, their efficiency is not less than that observed for trimethoprim among those over 1 year-old. (Clinical Trials Registry ISRCTN16968287).

Grupo de Nutrición y Metabolismo Neonatal, Sociedad Española de Neonatología: recomendaciones y evidencias para la suplementación dietética con probióticos en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer / Nutrition and Metabolism Group of the Spanish Neonatology Society: Recommendations and evidence for dietary supplementation with probiotics in very low birth weight infants

Las guías de práctica clínica son una importante herramienta para la mejora de la atención sanitaria. En los últimos años, se han ido acumulando evidencias sobre el impacto de la suplementación nutricional con probióticos en el recién nacido de muy bajo peso, sin que exista uniformidad en los microorganismos y las cepas utilizadas. Desde la Sociedad Espa˜nola de Neonatología, a través de su Grupo de Nutrición y Metabolismo de SENeo, se ha acometido la elaboración de unas recomendaciones que sean útiles para orientar al neonatólogo en este campo

Clinical practice guidelines are an important tool for improving healthcare. In recent years there has been accumulating evidence on the impact of nutritional supplementation with probiotics in the very low birth weight infants. With no uniformity in microorganisms and strains Clinical practice guidelines are an important tool for improving healthcare. In recent years there has been accumulating evidence on the impact of nutritional supplementation with probiotics in the very low birth weight infants. With no uniformity in microorganisms and strains

[Nutrition and Metabolism Group of the Spanish Neonatology Society: recommendations and evidence for dietary supplementation with probiotics in very low birth weight infants]. / Grupo de Nutrición y Metabolismo Neonatal, Sociedad Española de Neonatología: recomendaciones y evidencias para la suplementación dietética con probióticos en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer.

Clinical practice guidelines are an important tool for improving healthcare. In recent years there has been accumulating evidence on the impact of nutritional supplementation with probiotics in the very low birth weight infants. With no uniformity in microorganisms and strains used. The Spanish Neonatology Society (SENeo), through its Nutrition and Metabolism Group has undertaken to develop recommendations that will be useful as a guide for the neonatologist in this field.

Effectiveness of vitamin A in the prevention of complications of prematurity.

BACKGROUND: To assess the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to prevent complications of prematurity. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study to determine the effectiveness of vitamin A in preventing complications of prematurity in VLBW infants. Vitamin A was delivered intramuscularly at a dose of 5000 IU, three times weekly during the first 28 days of life. RESULTS: Of the 187 eligible VLBW infants, we excluded from the analysis (due to death or transfer to another hospital), 16 infants weighing <1000 g and 17 weighing 1000-1500 g. Sixty VLBW infants received the vitamin supplement. We observed no differences between the groups in the duration of oxygen therapy or in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The risk of sepsis was up to three times higher among the infants who were given the vitamin A supplement. CONCLUSION: Given the increased risk of sepsis in patients weighing >1000 g, the risk associated with repeated intramuscular injections of vitamin A and the modest clinical results described, we do not believe the universal administration of vitamin A to VLBW infants to be justified as prophylaxis for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

[Serum vitamin E in well-nourished and malnourished infants]. / Vitamina E sérica en lactantes eutróficos y malnutridos.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) concentrations in blood plasma were determined in 48 infants and correlated with their nutritional status. Infants were divided into two groups as following: group I (n : 12) estimated well-nourished, and group II (n : 36) appreciated undernourished. Clinical nutritional status was evaluated according to their weight, height and skinfold thickness of triceps percentiles. Plasma vitamin E levels were analysed by a modification of the spectrophotometric micro-technique of Fabiank et al. (using 0.2 ml of plasma). There was difference in serum tocopherol levels between two groups: 1.21 (0.21) mg/dl: mean (+/- SEM) in group I in front of 1.84 (0.18) mg/dl in group II (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). On the other hand, vitamin E concentrations were correlated with the skinfold thickness of triceps percentiles by a logarithm curve: y = 2.25-0.31 1n X (r: 0.35, p less than 0.02). Probably, serum vitamin E levels do not reflect the tissue store status in undernourished infants without malabsorption.